Artificially intelligent systems, devices, and methods for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous object operation

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the disclosure generally relate to computing devices and/or systems, and may be generally directed to devices, systems, methods, and/or applications for learning operation of an application or an object of an application in various visual surroundings, storing this knowledge in a knowledgebase (i.e. neural network, graph, sequences, etc.), and enabling autonomous operation of the application or the object of the application.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35U.S.C. § 120 from, nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/245,046 entitled “ARTIFICIALLY INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, DEVICES, ANDMETHODS FOR LEARNING AND/OR USING VISUAL SURROUNDING FOR AUTONOMOUSOBJECT OPERATION”, filed on Aug. 23, 2016. The disclosure of theforegoing document is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The disclosure generally relates to computing devices and/or systems.The disclosure includes devices, apparatuses, systems, and relatedmethods for providing advanced learning, anticipating, decision making,automation, and/or other functionalities.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND

Applications and/or objects thereof commonly operate by receiving auser's operating directions in various circumstances. Instructions arethen executed to effect the operation of an application and/or objectthereof based on user's operating directions. Hence, applications and/orobjects thereof are reliant on the user to direct their behaviors.Commonly employed application and/or object thereof operating techniqueslack a way for a system to learn operation of an application and/orobject thereof and enable autonomous operation of an application and/orobject thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning andusing a visual surrounding for autonomous object operating. The systemmay be implemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. Insome embodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application, the application including anobject. The system may further include a memory unit configured to storedata. The system may further include a renderer configured to renderdigital pictures of a surrounding of the object of the application. Thesystem may further include an artificial intelligence unit. In someembodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be configured to:receive a first digital picture from the renderer. The artificialintelligence unit may be further configured to: receive one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: learn thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application. The artificial intelligenceunit may be further configured to: receive a new digital picture fromthe renderer. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configuredto: anticipate the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture based on atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture. The artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: cause the processor circuit to execute the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture, the executing performed in response tothe anticipating of the artificial intelligence unit, wherein the objectof the application performs one or more operations defined by the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture, the one or more operationsperformed in response to the executing by the processor circuit.

In certain embodiments, the processor circuit includes one or moreprocessor circuits. In further embodiments, the application includes acomputer game, a virtual world, a CAD application, or a computerapplication. The application may include a 3D application or a 2Dapplication. In further embodiments, the object includes an avatar, auser-controllable object, a system-controllable object, or an object ofthe application.

In some embodiments, at least one of: the processor circuit, the memoryunit, the renderer, or the artificial intelligence unit are part of adevice. In further embodiments, the memory unit includes one or morememory units. In further embodiments, the memory unit resides on aremote computing device or a remote computing system, the remotecomputing device or the remote computing system coupled to the processorcircuit via a network or an interface. The remote computing device orthe remote computing system may include a server, a cloud, a computingdevice, or a computing system accessible over the network or theinterface.

In certain embodiments, the renderer includes one or more renderers. Infurther embodiments, the renderer is part of, operating on, or coupledto the processor circuit. In further embodiments, the renderer is partof, operating on, or coupled to a second processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, the renderer is part of a graphics circuit. In furtherembodiments, the renderer resides on a remote computing device or aremote computing system. In further embodiments, the renderer includes acircuit, a computing apparatus, or a computing system. In furtherembodiments, the renderer includes a graphics processing device, agraphics processing apparatus, a graphics processing system, or agraphics processing application that generates one or more digitalpictures from a computer model.

In some embodiments, the digital pictures of the surrounding of theobject of the application include digital pictures of a first-personview of the surrounding of the object of the application, digitalpictures of a third-person view of the surrounding of the object of theapplication, digital pictures of a view from a front of the object ofthe application, digital pictures of a view from a side of the object ofthe application, digital pictures of a top-down view of the surroundingof the object of the application, digital pictures of a side-on view ofthe surrounding of the object of the application, digital pictures of anarea of interest of the object of the application, or digital picturesof a screenshot of the surrounding of the object of the application.

In certain embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit is coupled tothe renderer. In further embodiments, the artificial intelligence unitis coupled to the memory unit. In further embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit is part of, operating on, or coupled to the processorcircuit. In further embodiments, the system further comprises: a secondprocessor circuit, wherein the artificial intelligence unit is part of,operating on, or coupled to the second processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, the artificial intelligence unit is part of, operating on,or coupled to a remote computing device or a remote computing system. Infurther embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit includes acircuit, a computing apparatus, or a computing system attachable to theprocessor circuit. In further embodiments, the artificial intelligenceunit is attachable to the application. In further embodiments, theartificial intelligence unit is attachable to the object of theapplication. In further embodiments, the artificial intelligence unitincludes a circuit, a computing apparatus, or a computing system builtinto the processor circuit. In further embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit is built into the application. In further embodiments,the artificial intelligence unit is built into the object of theapplication. In further embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit isprovided as a feature of the processor circuit. In further embodiments,the artificial intelligence unit is provided as a feature of theapplication. In further embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit isprovided as a feature of the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:take control from, share control with, or release control to theprocessor circuit. In further embodiments, the artificial intelligenceunit is further configured to: take control from, share control with, orrelease control to the application. In further embodiments, theartificial intelligence unit is further configured to: take controlfrom, share control with, or release control to the object of theapplication.

In some embodiments, the first or the new digital picture includes aJPEG picture, a GIF picture, a TIFF picture, a PNG picture, a PDFpicture, or a digitally encoded picture. In further embodiments, thefirst digital picture includes a stream of digital pictures and the newdigital picture includes a stream of digital pictures. The stream ofdigital pictures may include a MPEG motion picture, an AVI motionpicture, a FLV motion picture, a MOV motion picture, a RM motionpicture, a SWF motion picture, a WMV motion picture, a DivX motionpicture, or a digitally encoded motion picture.

In certain embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application include one or more instruction sets thattemporally correspond to the first digital picture. The one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital picturemay include one or more instruction sets executed at a time of arendering the first digital picture. The one or more instruction setsthat temporally correspond to the first digital picture may include oneor more instruction sets executed prior to a rendering the first digitalpicture. The one or more instruction sets that temporally correspond tothe first digital picture may include one or more instruction setsexecuted within a threshold period of time prior to a rendering thefirst digital picture. The one or more instruction sets that temporallycorrespond to the first digital picture may include one or moreinstruction sets executed subsequent to a rendering the first digitalpicture. The one or more instruction sets that temporally correspond tothe first digital picture may include one or more instruction setsexecuted within a threshold period of time subsequent to a rendering thefirst digital picture. The one or more instruction sets that temporallycorrespond to the first digital picture may include one or moreinstruction sets executed within a threshold period of time prior to arendering the first digital picture or a threshold period of timesubsequent to the rendering the first digital picture. The one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital picturemay include one or more instruction sets executed from a start of arendering a preceding digital picture to a start of a rendering thefirst digital picture. The one or more instruction sets that temporallycorrespond to the first digital picture may include one or moreinstruction sets executed from a start of a rendering the first digitalpicture to a start of a rendering a subsequent digital picture. The oneor more instruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digitalpicture may include one or more instruction sets executed from acompletion of a rendering a preceding digital picture to a completion ofa rendering the first digital picture. The one or more instruction setsthat temporally correspond to the first digital picture may include oneor more instruction sets executed from a completion of a rendering thefirst digital picture to a completion of a rendering a subsequentdigital picture.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application are executed by the processor circuit. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application are part of the application. In furtherembodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application include one or more instruction sets executed inoperating the object of the application. In further embodiments, the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationinclude one or more instruction sets for operating the application. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include one or more inputs into the processorcircuit. In further embodiments, the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include values or states of oneor more registers or elements of the processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, an instruction set includes at least one of: a command, akeyword, a symbol, an instruction, an operator, a variable, a value, anobject, a data structure, a function, a parameter, a state, a signal, aninput, an output, a character, a digit, or a reference thereto. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include a source code, a bytecode, anintermediate code, a compiled code, an interpreted code, a translatedcode, a runtime code, an assembly code, a structured query language(SQL) code, or a machine code. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application include oneor more code segments, lines of code, statements, instructions,functions, routines, subroutines, or basic blocks.

In certain embodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application includes obtaining the oneor more instruction sets from the processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes receiving the one ormore instruction sets as they are executed by the processor circuit. Infurther embodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application from aregister or an element of the processor circuit. In further embodiments,the receiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application includes receiving the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application from at least one of: thememory unit, a virtual machine, a runtime engine, a hard drive, astorage device, a peripheral device, a network connected device, or auser. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application includes receiving theone or more instruction sets from a plurality of processor circuits,applications, memory units, devices, virtual machines, runtime engines,hard drives, storage devices, peripheral devices, network connecteddevices, or users. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesreceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application from the application. In further embodiments, thereceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application includes receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application from the object of theapplication. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesreceiving the one or more instruction sets at a source code write time,a compile time, an interpretation time, a translation time, a linkingtime, a loading time, or a runtime. In further embodiments, thereceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application includes at least one of: tracing, profiling, orinstrumentation of a source code, a bytecode, an intermediate code, acompiled code, an interpreted code, a translated code, a runtime code,an assembly code, a structured query language (SQL) code, or a machinecode. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application includes at least oneof: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of a register of theprocessor circuit, the memory unit, a storage, or a repository where theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationare stored. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includes atleast one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of the processorcircuit, a virtual machine, a runtime engine, an operating system, anexecution stack, a program counter, or a processing element. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes at least one of:tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of the processor circuit ortracing, profiling, or instrumentation of a component of the processorcircuit. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includes atleast one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of the applicationor the object of the application. In further embodiments, the receivingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes at least one of: tracing, profiling, orinstrumentation at a source code write time, a compile time, aninterpretation time, a translation time, a linking time, a loading time,or a runtime. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includes atleast one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of one or more codesegments, lines of code, statements, instructions, functions, routines,subroutines, or basic blocks. In further embodiments, the receiving theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes at least one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of auser input. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includes atleast one of: a manual, an automatic, a dynamic, or a just in time (JIT)tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of the application or the objectof the application. In further embodiments, the receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes utilizing at least one of: a .NET tool, a .NET applicationprogramming interface (API), a Java tool, a Java API, a logging tool, oran independent tool for obtaining instruction sets. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes utilizing an assemblylanguage. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesutilizing a branch or a jump. In further embodiments, the receiving theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes a branch tracing or a simulation tracing.

In certain embodiments, the system further comprises: an interfaceconfigured to receive instruction sets, wherein the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application arereceived by the interface. The interface may include an acquisitioninterface.

In some embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes an anticipatory digital picture whose correlated one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application can be usedfor anticipation of one or more instruction sets to be executed in anoperation of the object of the application. In further embodiments, thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application includes a unit of knowledgeof how the object of the application operated in a visual surrounding.In further embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationis included in a neuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a datastructure. The data structure may include a neural network, a graph, acollection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, aknowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes,vertices, or elements may be interconnected. In further embodiments, thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application is structured into aknowledge cell. The knowledge cell may include a unit of knowledge ofhow the object of the application operated in a visual surrounding. Theknowledge cell may be included in a neuron, a node, a vertex, or anelement of a data structure. The data structure may include a neuralnetwork, a graph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, a collection ofknowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. Some of theneurons, nodes, vertices, or elements may be interconnected. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes correlating the first digital picture with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. Thecorrelating the first digital picture with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application may include generatinga knowledge cell, the knowledge cell comprising the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application. The correlating the first digital picturewith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication may include structuring a unit of knowledge of how thedevice operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, thelearning the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includeslearning a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theobject of the application in a visual surrounding. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes spontaneous learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication.

In some embodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes storing, into the memory unit, the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application, the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication being part of a stored plurality of digital picturescorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application. In further embodiments, the plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include a neural network, a graph, acollection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, aknowledgebase, a knowledge structure, or a data structure. In furtherembodiments, the plurality of digital pictures correlated with one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application areorganized into a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, a knowledgestructure, or a data structure. In further embodiments, each of theplurality of digital pictures correlated with one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application is included in aneuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a data structure. The datastructure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, orelements may be interconnected. In further embodiments, the plurality ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include a user's knowledge,style, or methodology of operating the object of the application invisual surroundings. In further embodiments, the plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application are stored on a remote computing device or aremote computing system. In further embodiments, the plurality ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include an artificialintelligence system for knowledge structuring, storing, orrepresentation. The artificial intelligence system for knowledgestructuring, storing, or representation may include at least one of: adeep learning system, a supervised learning system, an unsupervisedlearning system, a neural network, a search-based system, anoptimization-based system, a logic-based system, a fuzzy logic-basedsystem, a tree-based system, a graph-based system, a hierarchicalsystem, a symbolic system, a sub-symbolic system, an evolutionarysystem, a genetic system, a multi-agent system, a deterministic system,a probabilistic system, or a statistical system.

In certain embodiments, the anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture includes comparing atleast one portion of the new digital picture with at least one portionof the first digital picture. The at least one portion of the newdigital picture may include at least one region, at least one feature,or at least one pixel of the new digital picture. The at least oneportion of the first digital picture may include at least one region, atleast one feature, or at least one pixel of the first digital picture.The comparing the at least one portion of the new digital picture withthe at least one portion of the first digital picture may includecomparing at least one region of the new digital picture with at leastone region of the first digital picture. The comparing the at least oneportion of the new digital picture with the at least one portion of thefirst digital picture may include comparing at least one feature of thenew digital picture with at least one feature of the first digitalpicture. The comparing the at least one portion of the new digitalpicture with the at least one portion of the first digital picture mayinclude comparing at least one pixel of the new digital picture with atleast one pixel of the first digital picture. The comparing the at leastone portion of the new digital picture with the at least one portion ofthe first digital picture may include at least one of: performing acolor adjustment, performing a size adjustment, performing a contentmanipulation, utilizing a transparency, or utilizing a mask on the newor the first digital picture. The comparing the at least one portion ofthe new digital picture with the at least one portion of the firstdigital picture may include recognizing at least one person or object inthe new digital picture and at least one person or object in the firstdigital picture, and comparing the at least one person or object fromthe new digital picture with the at least one person or object from thefirst digital picture.

In some embodiments, the anticipating the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture includes determining thatthere is at least a partial match between the new digital picture andthe first digital picture. In further embodiments, the determining thatthere is at least a partial match between the new digital picture andthe first digital picture includes determining that there is at least apartial match between one or more portions of the new digital pictureand one or more portions of the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the determining that there is at least a partial matchbetween the new digital picture and the first digital picture includesdetermining that a similarity between at least one portion of the newdigital picture and at least one portion of the first digital pictureexceeds a similarity threshold. In further embodiments, the determiningthat there is at least a partial match between the new digital pictureand the first digital picture includes determining a substantialsimilarity between at least one portion of the new digital picture andat least one portion of the first digital picture. The at least oneportion of the new digital picture may include at least one region, atleast one feature, or at least one pixel of the new digital picture. Theat least one portion of the first digital picture may include at leastone region, at least one feature, or at least one pixel of the firstdigital picture. The substantial similarity may be achieved when asimilarity between the at least one portion of the new digital pictureand the at least one portion of the first digital picture exceeds asimilarity threshold. The substantial similarity may be achieved when anumber or a percentage of matching or partially matching regions fromthe new digital picture and from the first digital picture exceeds athreshold number or threshold percentage. The substantial similarity maybe achieved when a number or a percentage of matching or partiallymatching features from the new digital picture and from the firstdigital picture exceeds a threshold number or threshold percentage. Thesubstantial similarity may be achieved when a number or a percentage ofmatching or partially matching pixels from the new digital picture andfrom the first digital picture exceeds a threshold number or thresholdpercentage. The substantial similarity may be achieved when one or moresame or similar persons or objects are recognized in the new digitalpicture and the first digital picture.

In certain embodiments, the determining that there is at least a partialmatch between the new digital picture and the first digital pictureincludes determining a match between at least a threshold number orpercentage of portions of the new digital picture and at least athreshold number or percentage of portions of the first digital picture.A portion of the new or the first digital picture may include a region,a feature, or a pixel. The match may include a partial match. In furtherembodiments, the determining that there is at least a partial matchbetween the new digital picture and the first digital picture includesdetermining a match between all but a threshold number or percentage ofportions of the new digital picture and all but a threshold number orpercentage of portions of the first digital picture. A portion of thenew or the first digital picture may include a region, a feature, or apixel. The match may include a partial match. In further embodiments,the determining that there is at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture includes determining thata number or a percentage of matching regions from the new digitalpicture and from the first digital picture exceeds a threshold number orthreshold percentage. The matching regions from the new digital pictureand from the first digital picture may be determined factoring in atleast one of: a location of a region, an importance of a region, athreshold for a similarity in a region, or a threshold for a differencein a region. In further embodiments, the determining that there is atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture includes determining that a number or a percentage ofmatching features from the new digital picture and from the firstdigital picture exceeds a threshold number or threshold percentage. Thematching features from the new digital picture and from the firstdigital picture may be determined factoring in at least one of: a typeof a feature, an importance of a feature, a location of a feature, athreshold for a similarity in a feature, or a threshold for a differencein a feature. In further embodiments, the determining that there is atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture includes determining that a number or a percentage ofmatching pixels from the new digital picture and from the first digitalpicture exceeds a threshold number or threshold percentage. The matchingpixels from the new digital picture and from the first digital picturemay be determined factoring in at least one of: a location of a pixel, athreshold for a similarity in a pixel, or a threshold for a differencein a pixel. In further embodiments, the determining that there is atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture includes recognizing a same person or object in the newand the first digital pictures.

In some embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital pictureinstead of or prior to an instruction set that would have been executednext. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes modifyingone or more instruction sets of the processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying a registeror an element of the processor circuit. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes inserting the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture into a register or an element of the processorcircuit. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includesredirecting the processor circuit to the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital pictureincludes redirecting the processor circuit to one or more alternateinstruction sets, the alternate instruction sets comprising the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes transmitting, to the processor circuitfor execution, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes issuing an interruptto the processor circuit and executing the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture following the interrupt. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes causing the application to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes modifying the application with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes redirecting the application to the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes redirecting the application to one ormore alternate instruction sets, the alternate instruction setscomprising the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying one or moreinstruction sets of the application. In further embodiments, the causingthe processor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes modifying one or more instruction sets of theobject of the application. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes modifying a source code, a bytecode, anintermediate code, a compiled code, an interpreted code, a translatedcode, a runtime code, an assembly code, or a machine code. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying at leastone of: the memory unit, a register of the processor circuit, a storage,or a repository where instruction sets are stored or used. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying at leastone of: an element of the processor circuit, a virtual machine, aruntime engine, an operating system, an execution stack, a programcounter, or a user input. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes modifying one or more instruction sets at asource code write time, a compile time, an interpretation time, atranslation time, a linking time, a loading time, or a runtime. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying one or morecode segments, lines of code, statements, instructions, functions,routines, subroutines, or basic blocks. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes a manual, an automatic, a dynamic, or ajust in time (JIT) instrumentation of the application or the object ofthe application. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital pictureincludes utilizing one or more of a .NET tool, a .NET applicationprogramming interface (API), a Java tool, a Java API, an operatingsystem tool, or an independent tool for modifying instruction sets. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes utilizing at leastone of: a dynamic, an interpreted, or a scripting programming language.In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes utilizing at leastone of: a dynamic code, a dynamic class loading, or a reflection. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes utilizing an assemblylanguage. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes utilizingat least one of: a metaprogramming, a self-modifying code, or aninstruction set modification tool. In further embodiments, the causingthe processor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes utilizing at least one of: just in time (JIT)compiling, JIT interpretation, JIT translation, dynamic recompiling, orbinary rewriting. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital pictureincludes utilizing at least one of: a dynamic expression creation, adynamic expression execution, a dynamic function creation, or a dynamicfunction execution. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital pictureincludes adding or inserting additional code into a code of theapplication. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuitto execute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includes atleast one of: modifying, removing, rewriting, or overwriting a code ofthe application. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital pictureincludes at least one of: branching, redirecting, extending, or hotswapping a code of the application. The branching or redirecting thecode may include inserting at least one of: a branch, a jump, or a meansfor redirecting an execution. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes implementing a user's knowledge, style, ormethodology of operating the object of the application in a visualsurrounding. In further embodiments, the system further comprises: aninterface configured to cause execution of instruction sets, wherein theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture is caused bythe interface. The interface may include a modification interface.

In certain embodiments, the performing the one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includesimplementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theobject of the application in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive at least one extra information. In furtherembodiments, the at least one extra information include one or more of:a time information, a location information, a computed information, anobserved information, an acoustic information, or a contextualinformation. In further embodiments, the at least one extra informationinclude one or more of: an information on a digital picture, aninformation on an object in the digital picture, an information on aninstruction set, an information on the object of the application, aninformation on a visual surrounding of the object of the application, aninformation on the application, an information on the processor circuit,or an information on a user. In further embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit may be further configured to: learn the first digitalpicture correlated with the at least one extra information. The learningthe first digital picture correlated with at least one extra informationmay include correlating the first digital picture with the at least oneextra information. The learning the first digital picture correlatedwith at least one extra information may include storing the firstdigital picture correlated with the at least one extra information intothe memory unit. In further embodiments, the anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture based on at least a partialmatch between the new digital picture and the first digital pictureincludes anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital picturebased on at least a partial match between an extra informationcorrelated with the new digital picture and an extra informationcorrelated with the first digital picture. The anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture based on at least a partialmatch between an extra information correlated with the new digitalpicture and an extra information correlated with the first digitalpicture may include comparing an extra information correlated with thenew digital picture and an extra information correlated with the firstdigital picture. The anticipating the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between an extrainformation correlated with the new digital picture and an extrainformation correlated with the first digital picture may includedetermining that a similarity between an extra information correlatedwith the new digital picture and an extra information correlated withthe first digital picture exceeds a similarity threshold.

In certain embodiments, the system further comprises: a user interface,wherein the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:present, via the user interface, a user with an option to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises: a user interface,wherein the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:receive, via the user interface, a user's selection to execute the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture.

In certain embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: rate the executed one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture. In further embodiments, the rating the executed one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes displaying, on adisplay, the executed one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital picturealong with one or more rating values as options to be selected by auser. In further embodiments, the rating the executed one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture includes rating the executed one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture without a user input. In furtherembodiments, the rating the executed one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes associating one or more rating values with theexecuted one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture and storing theone or more rating values into the memory unit.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises: a user interface,wherein the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:present, via the user interface, a user with an option to cancel theexecution of the executed one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital picture. Infurther embodiments, the canceling the execution of the executed one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes restoring theprocessor circuit, the application, or the object of the application toa prior state. The restoring the processor circuit, the application, orthe object of the application to a prior state may include saving thestate of the processor circuit, the application, or the object of theapplication prior to executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture.

In certain embodiments, the system further comprises: an input deviceconfigured to receive a user's operating directions, the user'soperating directions for instructing the processor circuit, theapplication, or the object of the application on how to operate theobject of the application.

In some embodiments, the autonomous object operating includes apartially or a fully autonomous object operating. The partiallyautonomous object operating may include executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture responsive to a user confirmation. Thefully autonomous object operating may include executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture without a user confirmation.

In certain embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive a second digital picture from the renderer;receive additional one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application; and learn the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application. In further embodiments, the second digital pictureincludes a second stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments,the learning the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application and thelearning the second digital picture correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationinclude creating a connection between the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application and the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application. The connection may include or be associated with atleast one of: an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data. Infurther embodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication and the learning the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application include updating a connection between the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application and the second digital picture correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application. The updating the connection between the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application and the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application may include updating at leastone of: an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data includedin or associated with the connection. In further embodiments, thelearning the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesstoring the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application into afirst node of a data structure, and wherein the learning the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application includes storing thesecond digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application into asecond node of the data structure. The data structure may include aneural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, acollection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledgestructure. The learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationand the learning the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication may include creating a connection between the first node andthe second node. The learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication and the learning the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application may include updating a connection between the first nodeand the second node. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application is stored into a first node of a neuralnetwork and the second digital picture correlated with the additionalone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationis stored into a second node of the neural network. The first node andthe second node may be connected by a connection. The first node may bepart of a first layer of the neural network and the second node may bepart of a second layer of the neural network. In further embodiments,the first digital picture correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application is stored into a firstnode of a graph and the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a second node of the graph. The first nodeand the second node may be connected by a connection. In furtherembodiments, the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is storedinto a first node of a sequence and the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application is stored into a second node ofthe sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first digital picture from a renderer, therenderer configured to render digital pictures of a surrounding of anobject of an application. The operations may further include: receivingone or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. The operations may further include: learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application. The operations may furtherinclude: receiving a new digital picture from the renderer. Theoperations may further include: anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture. The operations mayfurther include: causing an execution of the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture, the causing performed in response to theanticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture based on atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture, wherein the object of the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving, by a first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, a first digital picture from a renderer, therenderer configured to render digital pictures of a surrounding of anobject of an application. The operations may further include: receiving,by the first processor circuit of the one or more processor circuits,one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. The operations may further include: learning, by the firstprocessor circuit of the one or more processor circuits, the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application. The operations may furtherinclude: receiving, by the first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, a new digital picture from the renderer. Theoperations may further include: anticipating, by the first processorcircuit of the one or more processor circuits, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture based on at least a partial match betweenthe new digital picture and the first digital picture. The operationsmay further include: causing, by the first processor circuit of the oneor more processor circuits, an execution, by a second processor circuitof the one or more processor circuits, of the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture, the causing performed in response to theanticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture based on atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture, wherein the object of the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first digital picture from a renderer by a processorcircuit, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of asurrounding of an object of an application. The method may furtherinclude: (b) receiving one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application by the processor circuit. The method mayfurther include: (c) learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication, the learning of (c) performed by the processor circuit. Themethod may further include: (d) receiving a new digital picture from therenderer by the processor circuit. The method may further include: (e)anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture based on atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture, the anticipating of (e) performed by the processorcircuit. The method may further include: (f) executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture, the executing of (f) performed inresponse to the anticipating of (e). The method may further include: (g)performing, by the object of the application, one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture, the one ormore operations performed in response to the executing of (f).

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first digital picture from a renderer by a first processorcircuit, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of asurrounding of an object of an application. The method may furtherinclude: (b) receiving one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application by the first processor circuit. The method mayfurther include: (c) learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication, the learning of (c) performed by the first processorcircuit. The method may further include: (d) receiving a new digitalpicture from the renderer by the first processor circuit. The method mayfurther include: (e) anticipating the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture, the anticipating of (e)performed by the first processor circuit. The method may furtherinclude: (f) executing, by a second processor circuit, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture, the executing of (f) performed inresponse to the anticipating of (e). The method may further include: (g)performing, by the object of the application, one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture, the one ormore operations performed in response to the executing of (f).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumsand/or the methods may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemediums and/or the methods may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include one or more instruction sets thattemporally correspond to the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the one or more instruction sets that temporally correspondto the first digital picture include one or more instruction setsexecuted at a time of a rendering the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the one or more instruction sets that temporally correspondto the first digital picture include one or more instruction setsexecuted prior to a rendering the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the one or more instruction sets that temporally correspondto the first digital picture include one or more instruction setsexecuted within a threshold period of time prior to a rendering thefirst digital picture. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital pictureinclude one or more instruction sets executed subsequent to a renderingthe first digital picture. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital pictureinclude one or more instruction sets executed within a threshold periodof time subsequent to a rendering the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the one or more instruction sets that temporally correspondto the first digital picture include one or more instruction setsexecuted within a threshold period of time prior to a rendering thefirst digital picture or a threshold period of time subsequent to therendering the first digital picture. In further embodiments, the one ormore instruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digitalpicture include one or more instruction sets executed from a start of arendering a preceding digital picture to a start of a rendering thefirst digital picture. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital pictureinclude one or more instruction sets executed from a start of arendering the first digital picture to a start of a rendering asubsequent digital picture. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital pictureinclude one or more instruction sets executed from a completion of arendering a preceding digital picture to a completion of a rendering thefirst digital picture. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets that temporally correspond to the first digital pictureinclude one or more instruction sets executed from a completion of arendering the first digital picture to a completion of a rendering asubsequent digital picture.

In certain embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application are executed by a processor circuit. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application are part of the application. In furtherembodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application include one or more instruction sets executed inoperating the object of the application. In further embodiments, the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationinclude one or more instruction sets for operating the application. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include one or more inputs into a processorcircuit. In further embodiments, the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include values or states of oneor more registers or elements of a processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, an instruction set includes at least one of: a command, akeyword, a symbol, an instruction, an operator, a variable, a value, anobject, a data structure, a function, a parameter, a state, a signal, aninput, an output, a character, a digit, or a reference thereto. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include a source code, a bytecode, anintermediate code, a compiled code, an interpreted code, a translatedcode, a runtime code, an assembly code, a structured query language(SQL) code, or a machine code. In further embodiments, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application include oneor more code segments, lines of code, statements, instructions,functions, routines, subroutines, or basic blocks.

In some embodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes obtaining the one ormore instruction sets from a processor circuit. In further embodiments,the receiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application includes receiving the one or more instruction setsas they are executed by a processor circuit. In further embodiments, thereceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application includes receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application from a register or an element ofa processor circuit. In further embodiments, the receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes receiving the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application from at least one of: a memory unit, a virtualmachine, a runtime engine, a hard drive, a storage device, a peripheraldevice, a network connected device, or a user. In further embodiments,the receiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application includes receiving the one or more instruction setsfrom a plurality of processor circuits, applications, memory units,devices, virtual machines, runtime engines, hard drives, storagedevices, peripheral devices, network connected devices, or users. Infurther embodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application fromthe application. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesreceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application from the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes receiving the one ormore instruction sets at a source code write time, a compile time, aninterpretation time, a translation time, a linking time, a loading time,or a runtime. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includes atleast one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of a source code, abytecode, an intermediate code, a compiled code, an interpreted code, atranslated code, a runtime code, an assembly code, a structured querylanguage (SQL) code, or a machine code. In further embodiments, thereceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application includes at least one of: tracing, profiling, orinstrumentation of a register of a processor circuit, a memory unit, astorage, or a repository where the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application are stored. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes at least one of:tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of a processor circuit, a virtualmachine, a runtime engine, an operating system, an execution stack, aprogram counter, or a processing element. In further embodiments, thereceiving the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application includes at least one of: tracing, profiling, orinstrumentation of a processor circuit or tracing, profiling, orinstrumentation of a component of the processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes at least one of:tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of the application or the objectof the application. In further embodiments, the receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes at least one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation at asource code write time, a compile time, an interpretation time, atranslation time, a linking time, a loading time, or a runtime. Infurther embodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes at least one of:tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of one or more code segments,lines of code, statements, instructions, functions, routines,subroutines, or basic blocks. In further embodiments, the receiving theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes at least one of: tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of auser input. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includes atleast one of: a manual, an automatic, a dynamic, or a just in time (JIT)tracing, profiling, or instrumentation of the application or the objectof the application. In further embodiments, the receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes utilizing at least one of: a .NET tool, a .NET applicationprogramming interface (API), a Java tool, a Java API, a logging tool, oran independent tool for obtaining instruction sets. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes utilizing an assemblylanguage. In further embodiments, the receiving the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesutilizing a branch or a jump. In further embodiments, the receiving theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes a branch tracing or a simulation tracing. In furtherembodiments, the receiving the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes receiving the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application by aninterface. The interface may include an acquisition interface.

In certain embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes an anticipatory digital picture whose correlated one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application can be usedfor anticipation of one or more instruction sets to be executed in anoperation of the object of the application. In further embodiments, thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application includes a unit of knowledgeof how the object of the application operated in a visual surrounding.In further embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationis included in a neuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a datastructure. In further embodiments, the data structure includes a neuralnetwork, a graph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, a collection ofknowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. In furtherembodiments, some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, or elements areinterconnected. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application is structured into a knowledge cell. Infurther embodiments, the knowledge cell includes a unit of knowledge ofhow the object of the application operated in a visual surrounding. Infurther embodiments, the knowledge cell is included in a neuron, a node,a vertex, or an element of a data structure. The data structure mayinclude a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or aknowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, or elementsmay be interconnected. In further embodiments, the learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes correlating the firstdigital picture with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application. In further embodiments, the correlating thefirst digital picture with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application includes generating a knowledgecell, the knowledge cell comprising the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. In further embodiments, the correlating the first digitalpicture with the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application includes structuring a unit of knowledge of how thedevice operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, thelearning the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includeslearning a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theobject of the application in a visual surrounding. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes spontaneous learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication.

In some embodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes storing, into a memory unit, the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application, the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication being part of a stored plurality of digital picturescorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application. In further embodiments, the plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include a neural network, a graph, acollection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, aknowledgebase, a knowledge structure, or a data structure. In furtherembodiments, the plurality of digital pictures correlated with one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application areorganized into a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, a knowledgestructure, or a data structure. In further embodiments, each of theplurality of digital pictures correlated with one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application is included in aneuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a data structure. The datastructure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, orelements may be interconnected. In further embodiments, the plurality ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include a user's knowledge,style, or methodology of operating the object of the application invisual surroundings. In further embodiments, the plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application are stored on a remote computing device or aremote computing system. In further embodiments, the plurality ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include an artificialintelligence system for knowledge structuring, storing, orrepresentation. The artificial intelligence system for knowledgestructuring, storing, or representation may include at least one of: adeep learning system, a supervised learning system, an unsupervisedlearning system, a neural network, a search-based system, anoptimization-based system, a logic-based system, a fuzzy logic-basedsystem, a tree-based system, a graph-based system, a hierarchicalsystem, a symbolic system, a sub-symbolic system, an evolutionarysystem, a genetic system, a multi-agent system, a deterministic system,a probabilistic system, or a statistical system.

In certain embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture instead of or prior to an instruction set that wouldhave been executed next. In further embodiments, the executing the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying one or moreinstruction sets of a processor circuit. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includesmodifying a register or an element of a processor circuit. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes inserting the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture into a register or an element of a processor circuit. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes redirecting a processor circuit to the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includesredirecting a processor circuit to one or more alternate instructionsets, the alternate instruction sets comprising the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture. In further embodiments, the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includestransmitting, to a processor circuit for execution, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture. In further embodiments, the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes issuingan interrupt to a processor circuit and executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture following the interrupt. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes causing the application to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includesmodifying the application with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture includes redirecting the application tothe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes redirecting the application to one or morealternate instruction sets, the alternate instruction sets comprisingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes modifying one or more instruction sets of theapplication. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture includes modifying one or moreinstruction sets of the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes modifying a source code, a bytecode, anintermediate code, a compiled code, an interpreted code, a translatedcode, a runtime code, an assembly code, or a machine code. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes modifying at least one of: the memory unit, aregister of a processor circuit, a storage, or a repository whereinstruction sets are stored or used. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includesmodifying at least one of: an element of a processor circuit, a virtualmachine, a runtime engine, an operating system, an execution stack, aprogram counter, or a user input. In further embodiments, the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes modifyingone or more instruction sets at a source code write time, a compiletime, an interpretation time, a translation time, a linking time, aloading time, or a runtime. In further embodiments, the executing theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture includes modifying one or morecode segments, lines of code, statements, instructions, functions,routines, subroutines, or basic blocks. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includes amanual, an automatic, a dynamic, or a just in time (JIT) instrumentationof the application or the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes utilizing one or more of a .NET tool, a .NETapplication programming interface (API), a Java tool, a Java API, anoperating system tool, or an independent tool for modifying instructionsets. In further embodiments, the executing the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture includes utilizing at least one of: a dynamic, aninterpreted, or a scripting programming language. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes utilizing at least one of: a dynamic code, adynamic class loading, or a reflection. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture includesutilizing an assembly language. In further embodiments, the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes utilizingat least one of: a metaprogramming, a self-modifying code, or aninstruction set modification tool. In further embodiments, the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes utilizingat least one of: just in time (JIT) compiling, JIT interpretation, JITtranslation, dynamic recompiling, or binary rewriting. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes utilizing at least one of: a dynamic expressioncreation, a dynamic expression execution, a dynamic function creation,or a dynamic function execution. In further embodiments, the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includes adding orinserting additional code into a code of the application. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes at least one of: modifying, removing,rewriting, or overwriting a code of the application. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes at least one of: branching, redirecting,extending, or hot swapping a code of the application. The branching orredirecting the code may include inserting at least one of: a branch, ajump, or a means for redirecting an execution. In further embodiments,the executing the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture includesimplementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theobject of the application in a visual surrounding. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture includes executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture via an interface. The interface may include amodification interface.

In certain embodiments, the performing, by the object of theapplication, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture includes implementing a user's knowledge,style, or methodology of operating the object of the application in avisual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage medium and/or the method further comprise: receiving at leastone extra information. In further embodiments, the at least one extrainformation include one or more of: a time information, a locationinformation, a computed information, an observed information, anacoustic information, or a contextual information. In furtherembodiments, the at least one extra information include one or more of:an information on a digital picture, an information on an object in thedigital picture, an information on an instruction set, an information onthe object of the application, an information on a visual surrounding ofthe object of the application, an information on the application, aninformation on a processor circuit, or an information on a user. Infurther embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the at least one extra information. Thelearning the first digital picture correlated with at least one extrainformation may include correlating the first digital picture with theat least one extra information. The learning the first digital picturecorrelated with at least one extra information may include storing thefirst digital picture correlated with the at least one extra informationinto a memory unit. In further embodiments, the anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture based on at least a partialmatch between the new digital picture and the first digital pictureincludes anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital picturebased on at least a partial match between an extra informationcorrelated with the new digital picture and an extra informationcorrelated with the first digital picture. The anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture based on at least a partialmatch between an extra information correlated with the new digitalpicture and an extra information correlated with the first digitalpicture may include comparing an extra information correlated with thenew digital picture and an extra information correlated with the firstdigital picture. The anticipating the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between an extrainformation correlated with the new digital picture and an extrainformation correlated with the first digital picture may includedetermining that a similarity between an extra information correlatedwith the new digital picture and an extra information correlated withthe first digital picture exceeds a similarity threshold.

In certain embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: presenting, via auser interface, a user with an option to execute the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving, via auser interface, a user's selection to execute the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture.

In certain embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: rating the executedone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first digital picture.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: presenting, via auser interface, a user with an option to cancel the execution of theexecuted one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first digital picture.

In certain embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving, via aninput device, a user's operating directions, the user's operatingdirections for instructing a processor circuit, the application, or theobject of the application on how to operate the object of theapplication.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving a seconddigital picture from the renderer; receiving additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application; andlearning the second digital picture correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application. Infurther embodiments, the second digital picture includes a second streamof digital pictures. In further embodiments, the learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application and the learning the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application include creating aconnection between the first digital picture correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application andthe second digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. Theconnection may include or be associated with at least one of: anoccurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationand the learning the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication include updating a connection between the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application and the second digital picture correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application. The updating the connection between the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application and the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application may include updating at leastone of: an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data includedin or associated with the connection. In further embodiments, thelearning the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application includesstoring the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application into afirst node of a data structure, and wherein the learning the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application includes storing thesecond digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application into asecond node of the data structure. The data structure may include aneural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, acollection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledgestructure. The learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationand the learning the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication may include creating a connection between the first node andthe second node. The learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication and the learning the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application may include updating a connection between the first nodeand the second node. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application is stored into a first node of a neuralnetwork and the second digital picture correlated with the additionalone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationis stored into a second node of the neural network. The first node andthe second node may be connected by a connection. The first node may bepart of a first layer of the neural network and the second node may bepart of a second layer of the neural network. In further embodiments,the first digital picture correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application is stored into a firstnode of a graph and the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a second node of the graph. The first nodeand the second node may be connected by a connection. In furtherembodiments, the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application may bestored into a first node of a sequence and the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application may be stored into a second nodeof the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning avisual surrounding for autonomous object operating. The system may beimplemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. In someembodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application, the application including anobject. The system may further include a memory unit configured to storedata. The system may further include a renderer configured to renderdigital pictures of a surrounding of the object of the application. Thesystem may further include an artificial intelligence unit. In someembodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be configured to:receive a first digital picture from the renderer. The artificialintelligence unit may be further configured to: receive one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: learn thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first digital picture from a renderer, therenderer configured to render digital pictures of a surrounding of anobject of an application. The operations may further include: receivingone or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. The operations may further include: learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first digital picture from a renderer by a processorcircuit, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of asurrounding of an object of an application. The method may furtherinclude: (b) receiving one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application by the processor circuit. The method mayfurther include: (c) learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication, the learning of (c) performed by the processor circuit.

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for using a visualsurrounding for autonomous object operating. The system may beimplemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. In someembodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application, the application including anobject. The system may further include a memory unit configured to storea plurality of digital pictures correlated with one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application, the pluralityincluding a first digital picture correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. The systemmay further include a renderer configured to render digital pictures ofa surrounding of the object of the application. The system may furtherinclude an artificial intelligence unit. In some embodiments, theartificial intelligence unit may be configured to: access the firstdigital picture correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application stored in the memory unit. Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: receive a newdigital picture from the renderer. The artificial intelligence unit maybe further configured to: anticipate the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture. The artificialintelligence unit may be further configured to: cause the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital picture, theexecuting performed in response to the anticipating of the artificialintelligence unit, wherein the object of the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecuting by the processor circuit.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating anobject of an application, the plurality including a first digitalpicture correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application. The operations may further include: receivinga new digital picture from a renderer, the renderer configured to renderdigital pictures of a surrounding of the object of the application. Theoperations may further include: anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture. The operations mayfurther include: causing an execution of the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture, the causing performed in response to theanticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture based on atleast a partial match between the new digital picture and the firstdigital picture, wherein the object of the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of digital picturescorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating an object ofan application, the plurality including a first digital picturecorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application, the accessing of (a) performed by a processor circuit.The method may further include: (b) receiving a new digital picture froma renderer by the processor circuit, the renderer configured to renderdigital pictures of a surrounding of the object of the application. Themethod may further include: (c) anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst digital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture, the anticipating of (c)performed by the processor circuit. The method may further include: (d)executing the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture, the executingof (d) performed in response to the anticipating of (c). The method mayfurther include: (e) performing, by the object of the application, oneor more operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecuting of (d).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning andusing a visual surrounding for autonomous object operating. The systemmay be implemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. Insome embodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application, the application including anobject. The system may further include a memory unit configured to storedata. The system may further include a renderer configured to renderstreams of digital pictures of a surrounding of the object of theapplication. The system may further include an artificial intelligenceunit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may beconfigured to: receive a first stream of digital pictures from therenderer. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may beconfigured to: receive one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application. In some embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit may be configured to: learn the first stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application. In some embodiments, theartificial intelligence unit may be configured to: receive a new streamof digital pictures from the renderer. In some embodiments, theartificial intelligence unit may be configured to: anticipate the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures based on at least apartial match between the new stream of digital pictures and the firststream of digital pictures. In some embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit may be configured to: cause the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures, theexecuting performed in response to the anticipating of the artificialintelligence unit, wherein the object of the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures, the one or more operations performed in response tothe executing by the processor circuit.

In some embodiments, the streams of digital pictures of the surroundingof the object of the application include streams of digital pictures ofa first-person view of the surrounding of the object of the application,streams of digital pictures of a third-person view of the surrounding ofthe object of the application, streams of digital pictures of a viewfrom a front of the object of the application, streams of digitalpictures of a view from a side of the object of the application, streamsof digital pictures of a top-down view of the surrounding of the objectof the application, streams of digital pictures of a side-on view of thesurrounding of the object of the application, streams of digitalpictures of an area of interest of the object of the application, orstreams of digital pictures of a screenshot of the surrounding of theobject of the application.

In certain embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures includesone or more digital pictures and the new stream of digital picturesincludes one or more digital pictures. In further embodiments, the firstor the new stream of digital pictures includes a digital motion picture.The digital motion picture may include a MPEG motion picture, an AVImotion picture, a FLV motion picture, a MOV motion picture, a RM motionpicture, a SWF motion picture, a WMV motion picture, a DivX motionpicture, or a digitally encoded motion picture.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application include one or more instruction sets thattemporally correspond to the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the one or more instruction sets that temporallycorrespond to the first stream of digital pictures include one or moreinstruction sets executed at a time of a rendering the first stream ofdigital pictures. In further embodiments, the one or more instructionsets that temporally correspond to the first stream of digital picturesinclude one or more instruction sets executed prior to a rendering thefirst stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the one ormore instruction sets that temporally correspond to the first stream ofdigital pictures include one or more instruction sets executed within athreshold period of time prior to a rendering the first stream ofdigital pictures. In further embodiments, the one or more instructionsets that temporally correspond to the first stream of digital picturesinclude one or more instruction sets executed subsequent to a renderingthe first stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the one ormore instruction sets that temporally correspond to the first stream ofdigital pictures include one or more instruction sets executed within athreshold period of time subsequent to a rendering the first stream ofdigital pictures. In further embodiments, the one or more instructionsets that temporally correspond to the first stream of digital picturesinclude one or more instruction sets executed within a threshold periodof time prior to a rendering the first stream of digital pictures or athreshold period of time subsequent to the rendering the first stream ofdigital pictures. In further embodiments, the one or more instructionsets that temporally correspond to the first stream of digital picturesinclude one or more instruction sets executed from a start of arendering the first stream of digital pictures to a start of a renderinga subsequent stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the oneor more instruction sets that temporally correspond to the first streamof digital pictures include one or more instruction sets executed from acompletion of a rendering a preceding stream of digital pictures to acompletion of a rendering the first stream of digital pictures.

In certain embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes an anticipatory stream of digital pictures whosecorrelated one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication can be used for anticipation of one or more instruction setsto be executed in an operation of the object of the application. Infurther embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes a unit of knowledge of how the object of theapplication operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments,the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is includedin a neuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a data structure. Infurther embodiments, the data structure includes a neural network, agraph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledgecells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. In furtherembodiments, some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, or elements areinterconnected. In further embodiments, the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application is structured into a knowledge cell. Infurther embodiments, the knowledge cell includes a unit of knowledge ofhow the object of the application operated in a visual surrounding. Infurther embodiments, the knowledge cell is included in a neuron, a node,a vertex, or an element of a data structure. The data structure mayinclude a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or aknowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, or elementsmay be interconnected. In further embodiments, the learning the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application includes correlatingthe first stream of digital pictures with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the correlating the first stream of digital pictures withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes generating a knowledge cell, the knowledge cellcomprising the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application. Infurther embodiments, the correlating the first stream of digitalpictures with the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application includes structuring a unit of knowledge of how thedevice operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, thelearning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes learning a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operatingthe object of the application in a visual surrounding. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application includes spontaneous learning the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application.

In some embodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application includes storing, into the memory unit, thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application, the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application being part of a storedplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the plurality of streams of digital pictures correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,a knowledge structure, or a data structure. In further embodiments, theplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application areorganized into a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, a knowledgestructure, or a data structure. In further embodiments, each of theplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is includedin a neuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a data structure. Thedata structure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, orelements may be interconnected. In further embodiments, the plurality ofstreams of digital pictures correlated with one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application include a user's knowledge,style, or methodology of operating the object of the application invisual surroundings. In further embodiments, the plurality of streams ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application are stored on a remote computingdevice or a remote computing system. In further embodiments, theplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application include anartificial intelligence system for knowledge structuring, storing, orrepresentation. The artificial intelligence system for knowledgestructuring, storing, or representation may include at least one of: adeep learning system, a supervised learning system, an unsupervisedlearning system, a neural network, a search-based system, anoptimization-based system, a logic-based system, a fuzzy logic-basedsystem, a tree-based system, a graph-based system, a hierarchicalsystem, a symbolic system, a sub-symbolic system, an evolutionarysystem, a genetic system, a multi-agent system, a deterministic system,a probabilistic system, or a statistical system.

In certain embodiments, the anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes comparing at least one portion of the newstream of digital pictures with at least one portion of the first streamof digital pictures. In further embodiments, the at least one portion ofthe new stream of digital pictures include at least one digital picture,at least one region, at least one feature, or at least one pixel of thenew stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the at least oneportion of the first stream of digital pictures include at least onedigital picture, at least one region, at least one feature, or at leastone pixel of the first stream of digital pictures. In furtherembodiments, the comparing the at least one portion of the new stream ofdigital pictures with the at least one portion of the first stream ofdigital pictures includes comparing at least one digital picture of thenew stream of digital pictures with at least one digital picture of thefirst stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the comparingthe at least one portion of the new stream of digital pictures with theat least one portion of the first stream of digital pictures includescomparing at least one region of at least one digital picture of the newstream of digital pictures with at least one region of at least onedigital picture of the first stream of digital pictures. In furtherembodiments, the comparing the at least one portion of the new stream ofdigital pictures with the at least one portion of the first stream ofdigital pictures includes comparing at least one feature of at least onedigital picture of the new stream of digital pictures with at least onefeature of at least one digital picture of the first stream of digitalpictures. In further embodiments, the comparing the at least one portionof the new stream of digital pictures with the at least one portion ofthe first stream of digital pictures includes comparing at least onepixel of at least one digital picture of the new stream of digitalpictures with at least one pixel of at least one digital picture of thefirst stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the comparingthe at least one portion of the new stream of digital pictures with theat least one portion of the first stream of digital pictures includes atleast one of: performing a color adjustment, performing a sizeadjustment, performing a content manipulation, performing temporalalignment, performing dynamic time warping, utilizing a transparency, orutilizing a mask on the new or the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the comparing the at least one portion of the newstream of digital pictures with the at least one portion of the firststream of digital pictures includes recognizing at least one person orobject in the new stream of digital pictures and at least one person orobject in the first stream of digital pictures, and comparing the atleast one person or object from the new stream of digital pictures withthe at least one person or object from the first stream of digitalpictures.

In some embodiments, the anticipating the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures based on at least a partial match between thenew stream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital picturesincludes determining that there is at least a partial match between thenew stream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures.In further embodiments, the determining that there is at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes determining that there is at least a partialmatch between one or more portions of the new stream of digital picturesand one or more portions of the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the determining that there is at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes determining that a similarity between at leastone portion of the new stream of digital pictures and at least oneportion of the first stream of digital pictures exceeds a similaritythreshold. In further embodiments, the determining that there is atleast a partial match between the new stream of digital pictures and thefirst stream of digital pictures includes determining a substantialsimilarity between at least one portion of the new stream of digitalpictures and at least one portion of the first stream of digitalpictures. The at least one portion of the new stream of digital picturesmay include at least one digital picture, at least one region, at leastone feature, or at least one pixel of the new stream of digitalpictures. The at least one portion of the first stream of digitalpictures may include at least one digital picture, at least one region,at least one feature, or at least one pixel of the first stream ofdigital pictures. The substantial similarity may be achieved when asimilarity between the at least one portion of the new stream of digitalpictures and the at least one portion of the first stream of digitalpictures exceeds a similarity threshold. The substantial similarity maybe achieved when a number or a percentage of matching or partiallymatching digital pictures from the new stream of digital pictures andfrom the first stream of digital pictures exceeds a threshold number orthreshold percentage. The substantial similarity may be achieved when anumber or a percentage of matching or partially matching regions of atleast one digital picture from the new stream of digital pictures andfrom the first stream of digital pictures exceeds a threshold number orthreshold percentage. The substantial similarity may be achieved when anumber or a percentage of matching or partially matching features of atleast one digital picture from the new stream of digital pictures andfrom the first stream of digital pictures exceeds a threshold number orthreshold percentage. The substantial similarity may be achieved when anumber or a percentage of matching or partially matching pixels of atleast one digital picture from the new stream of digital pictures andfrom the first stream of digital pictures exceeds a threshold number orthreshold percentage. The substantial similarity may be achieved whenone or more same or similar persons or objects are recognized in the newstream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the determining that there is at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes determining a match between at least athreshold number or percentage of portions of the new stream of digitalpictures and at least a threshold number or percentage of portions ofthe first stream of digital pictures. A portion of the new or the firststream of digital pictures may include a digital picture, a region, afeature, or a pixel. The match may include a partial match. In furtherembodiments, the determining that there is at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes determining a match between all but athreshold number or percentage of portions of the new stream of digitalpictures and all but a threshold number or percentage of portions of thefirst stream of digital pictures. A portion of the new or the firststream of digital pictures may include a digital picture, a region, afeature, or a pixel. The match may include a partial match. In furtherembodiments, the determining that there is at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes determining that a number or a percentage ofmatching digital pictures from the new stream of digital pictures andfrom the first stream of digital pictures exceeds a threshold number orthreshold percentage. The matching digital pictures from the new streamof digital pictures and from the first stream of digital pictures may bedetermined factoring in at least one of: an order of a digital picturein a stream of digital pictures, an importance of a digital picture, athreshold for a similarity in a digital picture, or a threshold for adifference in a digital picture. In further embodiments, the determiningthat there is at least a partial match between the new stream of digitalpictures and the first stream of digital pictures includes determiningthat a number or a percentage of matching regions from at least onedigital picture of the new stream of digital pictures and from at leastone digital picture of the first stream of digital pictures exceeds athreshold number or threshold percentage. The matching regions from atleast one digital picture of the new stream of digital pictures and fromat least one digital picture of the first stream of digital pictures maybe determined factoring in at least one of: a location of a region, animportance of a region, a threshold for a similarity in a region, or athreshold for a difference in a region. In further embodiments, thedetermining that there is at least a partial match between the newstream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital picturesincludes determining that a number or a percentage of matching featuresfrom at least one digital picture of the new stream of digital picturesand from at least one digital picture of the first stream of digitalpictures exceeds a threshold number or threshold percentage. Thematching features from at least one digital picture of the new stream ofdigital pictures and from at least one digital picture of the firststream of digital pictures may be determined factoring in at least oneof: a type of a feature, an importance of a feature, a location of afeature, a threshold for a similarity in a feature, or a threshold for adifference in a feature. In further embodiments, the determining thatthere is at least a partial match between the new stream of digitalpictures and the first stream of digital pictures includes determiningthat a number or a percentage of matching pixels from at least onedigital picture of the new stream of digital pictures and from at leastone digital picture of the first stream of digital pictures exceeds athreshold number or threshold percentage. The matching pixels from atleast one digital picture of the new stream of digital pictures and fromat least one digital picture of the first stream of digital pictures maybe determined factoring in at least one of: a location of a pixel, athreshold for a similarity in a pixel, or a threshold for a differencein a pixel. In further embodiments, the determining that there is atleast a partial match between the new stream of digital pictures and thefirst stream of digital pictures includes recognizing a same person orobject in the new and the first streams of digital pictures.

In some embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes causingthe processor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures instead of or prior to an instruction set that wouldhave been executed next. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying one or more instruction sets ofthe processor circuit. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures includes modifying a register or an element of the processorcircuit. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes inserting the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures into a register or an element of the processor circuit. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includesredirecting the processor circuit to the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes redirecting the processor circuit to one ormore alternate instruction sets, the alternate instruction setscomprising the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includestransmitting, to the processor circuit for execution, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures includes issuing an interrupt to theprocessor circuit and executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures following the interrupt. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures includes causing the application toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes modifyingthe application with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes redirecting the application to the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes redirecting the application to one or morealternate instruction sets, the alternate instruction sets comprisingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes modifyingone or more instruction sets of the application. In further embodiments,the causing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures includes modifying one or moreinstruction sets of the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes modifyinga source code, a bytecode, an intermediate code, a compiled code, aninterpreted code, a translated code, a runtime code, an assembly code,or a machine code. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures includes modifying at least one of: the memory unit, a registerof the processor circuit, a storage, or a repository where instructionsets are stored or used. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying at least one of: an element ofthe processor circuit, a virtual machine, a runtime engine, an operatingsystem, an execution stack, a program counter, or a user input. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes modifyingone or more instruction sets at a source code write time, a compiletime, an interpretation time, a translation time, a linking time, aloading time, or a runtime. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying one or more code segments, linesof code, statements, instructions, functions, routines, subroutines, orbasic blocks. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuitto execute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes a manual, an automatic, a dynamic, or a just in time (JIT)instrumentation of the application or the object of the application. Infurther embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes utilizingone or more of a .NET tool, a .NET application programming interface(API), a Java tool, a Java API, an operating system tool, or anindependent tool for modifying instruction sets. In further embodiments,the causing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures includes utilizing at least one of: adynamic, an interpreted, or a scripting programming language. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes utilizingat least one of: a dynamic code, a dynamic class loading, or areflection. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes utilizing an assembly language. In further embodiments, thecausing the processor circuit to execute the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures includes utilizing at least one of: ametaprogramming, a self-modifying code, or an instruction setmodification tool. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures includes utilizing at least one of: just in time (JIT)compiling, JIT interpretation, JIT translation, dynamic recompiling, orbinary rewriting. In further embodiments, the causing the processorcircuit to execute the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures includes utilizing at least one of: a dynamic expressioncreation, a dynamic expression execution, a dynamic function creation,or a dynamic function execution. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes adding or inserting additional code into acode of the application. In further embodiments, the causing theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes at least one of: modifying, removing,rewriting, or overwriting a code of the application. In furtherembodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes at leastone of: branching, redirecting, extending, or hot swapping a code of theapplication. The branching or redirecting the code may include insertingat least one of: a branch, a jump, or a means for redirecting anexecution. In further embodiments, the causing the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes implementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology ofoperating the object of the application in a visual surrounding. Infurther embodiments, the system further comprises: an interfaceconfigured to cause execution of instruction sets, wherein the executingthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures iscaused by the interface. The interface may include a modificationinterface.

In certain embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive at least one extra information. In furtherembodiments, the at least one extra information include one or more of:a time information, a location information, a computed information, anobserved information, an acoustic information, or a contextualinformation. In further embodiments, the at least one extra informationinclude one or more of: an information on a stream of digital pictures,an information on an object in the stream of digital pictures, aninformation on an instruction set, an information on the object of theapplication, an information on a visual surrounding of the object of theapplication, an information on the application, an information on theprocessor circuit, or an information on a user. In further embodiments,the artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: learn thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the at least one extrainformation. In further embodiments, the learning the first stream ofdigital pictures correlated with at least one extra information includescorrelating the first stream of digital pictures with the at least oneextra information. In further embodiments, the learning the first streamof digital pictures correlated with at least one extra informationincludes storing the first stream of digital pictures correlated withthe at least one extra information into the memory unit. In furtherembodiments, the anticipating the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures based on at least a partial match between the newstream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital picturesincludes anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures based on at least a partial match between an extra informationcorrelated with the new stream of digital pictures and an extrainformation correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Theanticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesbased on at least a partial match between an extra informationcorrelated with the new stream of digital pictures and an extrainformation correlated with the first stream of digital pictures mayinclude comparing an extra information correlated with the new stream ofdigital pictures and an extra information correlated with the firststream of digital pictures. The anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween an extra information correlated with the new stream of digitalpictures and an extra information correlated with the first stream ofdigital pictures may include determining that a similarity between anextra information correlated with the new stream of digital pictures andan extra information correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures exceeds a similarity threshold.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises: a user interface,wherein the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:present, via the user interface, a user with an option to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures.

In certain embodiments, the system further comprises: a user interface,wherein the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:receive, via the user interface, a user's selection to execute the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures.

In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: rate the executed one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures. In further embodiments, the rating the executed oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includesdisplaying, on a display, the executed one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures along with one or more rating values as options tobe selected by a user. In further embodiments, the rating the executedone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes rating theexecuted one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures withouta user input. In further embodiments, the rating the executed one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includesassociating one or more rating values with the executed one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures and storing the one or morerating values into the memory unit.

In certain embodiments, the system further comprises: a user interface,wherein the artificial intelligence unit is further configured to:present, via the user interface, a user with an option to cancel theexecution of the executed one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures. In further embodiments, the canceling the execution of theexecuted one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes restoring the processor circuit, the application, or the objectof the application to a prior state. The restoring the processorcircuit, the application, or the object of the application to a priorstate may include saving the state of the processor circuit, theapplication, or the object of the application prior to executing the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises: an input deviceconfigured to receive a user's operating directions, the user'soperating directions for instructing the processor circuit, theapplication, or the object of the application on how to operate theobject of the application.

In certain embodiments, the autonomous object operating includes apartially or a fully autonomous object operating. In furtherembodiments, the partially autonomous object operating includesexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesresponsive to a user confirmation. In further embodiments, the fullyautonomous object operating includes executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures without a user confirmation.

In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive a second stream of digital pictures from therenderer; receive additional one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application; and learn the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application. In further embodiments, thesecond stream of digital pictures includes one or more digital pictures.In further embodiments, the learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application and the learning the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application include creating aconnection between the first stream of digital pictures correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication and the second stream of digital pictures correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application. The connection may include or be associated with atleast one of: an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data. Infurther embodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application and the learning the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application include updating a connectionbetween the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application andthe second stream of digital pictures correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application.The updating the connection between the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application and the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application may include updating at leastone of: an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data includedin or associated with the connection. In further embodiments, thelearning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes storing the first stream of digital pictures correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication into a first node of a data structure, and wherein thelearning the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes storing the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application into a second node of the datastructure. The data structure may include a neural network, a graph, acollection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, aknowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. The learning the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application and the learning the secondstream of digital pictures correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application may includecreating a connection between the first node and the second node. Thelearning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application andthe learning the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication may include updating a connection between the first node andthe second node. In further embodiments, the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application is stored into a first node of a neuralnetwork and the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a second node of the neural network. Thefirst node and the second node may be connected by a connection. Thefirst node may be part of a first layer of the neural network and thesecond node may be part of a second layer of the neural network. Infurther embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a first node of a graph and the second streamof digital pictures correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is storedinto a second node of the graph. The first node and the second node maybe connected by a connection. In further embodiments, the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application is stored into a first node of asequence and the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a second node of the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first stream of digital pictures from arenderer, the renderer configured to render streams of digital picturesof a surrounding of an object of an application. The operations mayfurther include: receiving one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application. The operations may further include:learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application. Theoperations may further include: receiving a new stream of digitalpictures from the renderer. The operations may further include:anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesbased on at least a partial match between the new stream of digitalpictures and the first stream of digital pictures. The operations mayfurther include: causing an execution of the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures, the causing performed in response tothe anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures based on at least a partial match between the new stream ofdigital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures, wherein theobject of the application performs one or more operations defined by theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the one or moreoperations performed in response to the execution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving, by a first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer,the renderer configured to render streams of digital pictures of asurrounding of an object of an application. The operations may furtherinclude: receiving, by the first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application. The operations may further include: learning,by the first processor circuit of the one or more processor circuits,the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. Theoperations may further include: receiving, by the first processorcircuit of the one or more processor circuits, a new stream of digitalpictures from the renderer. The operations may further include:anticipating, by the first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures based on at least a partial match between the new stream ofdigital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures. Theoperations may further include: causing, by the first processor circuitof the one or more processor circuits, an execution, by a secondprocessor circuit of the one or more processor circuits, of the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the causingperformed in response to the anticipating the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures, wherein the object of the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures, the one or more operations performed in response tothe execution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer by aprocessor circuit, the renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of a surrounding of an object of an application. The method mayfurther include: (b) receiving one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application by the processor circuit. Themethod may further include: (c) learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application, the learning of (c) performed by theprocessor circuit. The method may further include: (d) receiving a newstream of digital pictures from the renderer by the processor circuit.The method may further include: (e) anticipating the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures based on at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures, the anticipating of (e) performed by the processorcircuit. The method may further include: (f) executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures, the executing of (f)performed in response to the anticipating of (e). The method may furtherinclude: (g) performing, by the object of the application, one or moreoperations defined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecuting of (f).

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer by a firstprocessor circuit, the renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of a surrounding of an object of an application. The method mayfurther include: (b) receiving one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application by the first processor circuit.The method may further include: (c) learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application, the learning of (c) performed by thefirst processor circuit. The method may further include: (d) receiving anew stream of digital pictures from the renderer by the first processorcircuit. The method may further include: (e) anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures based on at least apartial match between the new stream of digital pictures and the firststream of digital pictures, the anticipating of (e) performed by thefirst processor circuit. The method may further include: (f) executing,by a second processor circuit, the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures, the executing of (f) performed in response to theanticipating of (e). The method may further include: (g) performing, bythe object of the application, one or more operations defined by the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the one or moreoperations performed in response to the executing of (f).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumsand/or the methods may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemediums and/or the methods may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In certain embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes an anticipatory stream of digital pictures whosecorrelated one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication can be used for anticipation of one or more instruction setsto be executed in an operation of the object of the application. Infurther embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes a unit of knowledge of how the object of theapplication operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments,the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is includedin a neuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a data structure. Infurther embodiments, the data structure includes a neural network, agraph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledgecells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. In furtherembodiments, some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, or elements areinterconnected. In further embodiments, the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application is structured into a knowledge cell. Infurther embodiments, the knowledge cell includes a unit of knowledge ofhow the object of the application operated in a visual surrounding. Infurther embodiments, the knowledge cell is included in a neuron, a node,a vertex, or an element of a data structure. The data structure mayinclude a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, or aknowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, or elementsmay be interconnected. In further embodiments, the learning the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application includes correlatingthe first stream of digital pictures with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the correlating the first stream of digital pictures withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication includes generating a knowledge cell, the knowledge cellcomprising the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application. Infurther embodiments, the correlating the first stream of digitalpictures with the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application includes structuring a unit of knowledge of how thedevice operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, thelearning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationincludes learning a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operatingthe object of the application in a visual surrounding. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application includes spontaneous learning the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application.

In some embodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application includes storing, into a memory unit, thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application, the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application being part of a storedplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the plurality of streams of digital pictures correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,a knowledge structure, or a data structure. In further embodiments, theplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application areorganized into a neural network, a graph, a collection of sequences, asequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase, a knowledgestructure, or a data structure. In further embodiments, each of theplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is includedin a neuron, a node, a vertex, or an element of a data structure. Thedata structure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. Some of the neurons, nodes, vertices, orelements may be interconnected. In further embodiments, the plurality ofstreams of digital pictures correlated with one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application include a user's knowledge,style, or methodology of operating the object of the application invisual surroundings. In further embodiments, the plurality of streams ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application are stored on a remote computingdevice or a remote computing system. In further embodiments, theplurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application include anartificial intelligence system for knowledge structuring, storing, orrepresentation. The artificial intelligence system for knowledgestructuring, storing, or representation may include at least one of: adeep learning system, a supervised learning system, an unsupervisedlearning system, a neural network, a search-based system, anoptimization-based system, a logic-based system, a fuzzy logic-basedsystem, a tree-based system, a graph-based system, a hierarchicalsystem, a symbolic system, a sub-symbolic system, an evolutionarysystem, a genetic system, a multi-agent system, a deterministic system,a probabilistic system, or a statistical system.

In certain embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures includes executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures instead of or prior to aninstruction set that would have been executed next. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying one or more instruction sets of aprocessor circuit. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes modifying a registeror an element of a processor circuit. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes inserting the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures into a register or an element of a processor circuit. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes redirecting a processor circuit to the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes redirecting a processor circuit to one ormore alternate instruction sets, the alternate instruction setscomprising the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes transmitting, to a processor circuit forexecution, the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes issuing an interrupt to a processor circuitand executing the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesfollowing the interrupt. In further embodiments, the executing the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes causingthe application to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures. In further embodiments, the executing the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes modifyingthe application with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes redirecting theapplication to the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first stream of digital pictures.In further embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures includes redirecting the application to oneor more alternate instruction sets, the alternate instruction setscomprising the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying one or more instruction sets ofthe application. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes modifying one or moreinstruction sets of the object of the application. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying a source code, a bytecode, anintermediate code, a compiled code, an interpreted code, a translatedcode, a runtime code, an assembly code, or a machine code. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes modifying at least one of: the memory unit,a register of a processor circuit, a storage, or a repository whereinstruction sets are stored or used. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes modifying at least one of: an element of a processor circuit, avirtual machine, a runtime engine, an operating system, an executionstack, a program counter, or a user input. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes modifying one or more instruction sets at a source code writetime, a compile time, an interpretation time, a translation time, alinking time, a loading time, or a runtime. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes modifying one or more code segments, lines of code, statements,instructions, functions, routines, subroutines, or basic blocks. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes a manual, an automatic, a dynamic, or ajust in time (JIT) instrumentation of the application or the object ofthe application. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes utilizing one or moreof a .NET tool, a .NET application programming interface (API), a Javatool, a Java API, an operating system tool, or an independent tool formodifying instruction sets. In further embodiments, the executing theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includes utilizingat least one of: a dynamic, an interpreted, or a scripting programminglanguage. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes utilizing at leastone of: a dynamic code, a dynamic class loading, or a reflection. Infurther embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes utilizing an assembly language. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes utilizing at least one of: ametaprogramming, a self-modifying code, or an instruction setmodification tool. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes utilizing at leastone of: just in time (JIT) compiling, JIT interpretation, JITtranslation, dynamic recompiling, or binary rewriting. In furtherembodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures includes utilizing at least one of: a dynamicexpression creation, a dynamic expression execution, a dynamic functioncreation, or a dynamic function execution. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes adding or inserting additional code into a code of theapplication. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes at least one of:modifying, removing, rewriting, or overwriting a code of theapplication. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes at least one of:branching, redirecting, extending, or hot swapping a code of theapplication. The branching or redirecting the code may include insertingat least one of: a branch, a jump, or a means for redirecting anexecution. In further embodiments, the executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes implementing a user'sknowledge, style, or methodology of operating the object of theapplication in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, theexecuting the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes executing the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures via an interface. The interface includes a modificationinterface.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving at leastone extra information. In further embodiments, the at least one extrainformation include one or more of: a time information, a locationinformation, a computed information, an observed information, anacoustic information, or a contextual information. In furtherembodiments, the at least one extra information include one or more of:an information on a stream of digital pictures, an information on anobject in the stream of digital pictures, an information on aninstruction set, an information on the object of the application, aninformation on a visual surrounding of the object of the application, aninformation on the application, an information on a processor circuit,or an information on a user. In further embodiments, the operations ofthe non-transitory computer storage mediums and/or the methods furthercomprise: learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated withthe at least one extra information. In further embodiments, the learningthe first stream of digital pictures correlated with at least one extrainformation includes correlating the first stream of digital pictureswith the at least one extra information. In further embodiments, thelearning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with at leastone extra information includes storing the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the at least one extra information into amemory unit. In further embodiments, the anticipating the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures based on at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures includes anticipating the one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures based on at least a partial match between anextra information correlated with the new stream of digital pictures andan extra information correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures. In further embodiments, the anticipating the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures based on at least a partialmatch between an extra information correlated with the new stream ofdigital pictures and an extra information correlated with the firststream of digital pictures includes comparing an extra informationcorrelated with the new stream of digital pictures and an extrainformation correlated with the first stream of digital pictures. Theanticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesbased on at least a partial match between an extra informationcorrelated with the new stream of digital pictures and an extrainformation correlated with the first stream of digital pictures mayinclude determining that a similarity between an extra informationcorrelated with the new stream of digital pictures and an extrainformation correlated with the first stream of digital pictures exceedsa similarity threshold.

In certain embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: presenting, via auser interface, a user with an option to execute the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving, via auser interface, a user's selection to execute the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures.

In certain embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: rating the executedone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: presenting, via auser interface, a user with an option to cancel the execution of theexecuted one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures.

In certain embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving, via aninput device, a user's operating directions, the user's operatingdirections for instructing a processor circuit, the application, or theobject of the application on how to operate the object of theapplication.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving a secondstream of digital pictures from the renderer; receiving additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application;and learning the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. In further embodiments, the second stream of digitalpictures includes one or more digital pictures. In further embodiments,the learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationand the learning the second stream of digital pictures correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application include creating a connection between the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application and the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application. The connection may include oris associated with at least one of: an occurrence count, a weight, aparameter, or a data. In further embodiments, the learning the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the object of the application and the learning thesecond stream of digital pictures correlated with the additional one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationinclude updating a connection between the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application and the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application. The updating the connectionbetween the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application andthe second stream of digital pictures correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application mayinclude updating at least one of: an occurrence count, a weight, aparameter, or a data included in or associated with the connection. Infurther embodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application includes storing the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application into a first node of a data structure, andwherein the learning the second stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application includes storing the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application into a second node of the datastructure. The data structure may include a neural network, a graph, acollection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, aknowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. The learning the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application and the learning the secondstream of digital pictures correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application may includecreating a connection between the first node and the second node. Thelearning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application andthe learning the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication may include updating a connection between the first node andthe second node. In further embodiments, the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application is stored into a first node of a neuralnetwork and the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a second node of the neural network. Thefirst node and the second node may be connected by a connection. Thefirst node may be part of a first layer of the neural network and thesecond node may be part of a second layer of the neural network. Infurther embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a first node of a graph and the second streamof digital pictures correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is storedinto a second node of the graph. The first node and the second node maybe connected by a connection. In further embodiments, the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application is stored into a first node of asequence and the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication is stored into a second node of the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning avisual surrounding for autonomous object operating. The system may beimplemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. In someembodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application, the application including anobject. The system may further include a memory unit configured to storedata. The system may further include a renderer configured to renderstreams of digital pictures of a surrounding of the object of theapplication. The system may further include an artificial intelligenceunit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may beconfigured to: receive a first stream of digital pictures from therenderer. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to:receive one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configuredto: learn the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first stream of digital pictures from arenderer, the renderer configured to render streams of digital picturesof a surrounding of an object of an application. The operations mayfurther include: receiving one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application. The operations may further include:learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer by aprocessor circuit, the renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of a surrounding of an object of an application. The method mayfurther include: (b) receiving one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application by the processor circuit. Themethod may further include: (c) learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application, the learning of (c) performed by theprocessor circuit.

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for using a visualsurrounding for autonomous object operating. The system may beimplemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. In someembodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application, the application including anobject. The system may further include a memory unit configured to storea plurality of streams of digital pictures correlated with one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application, theplurality including a first stream of digital pictures correlated withone or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. The system may further include a renderer configured torender streams of digital pictures of a surrounding of the object of theapplication. The system may further include an artificial intelligenceunit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may beconfigured to: access the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication stored in the memory unit. The artificial intelligence unitmay be further configured to: receive a new stream of digital picturesfrom the renderer. The artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: anticipate the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application correlated with the first stream ofdigital pictures based on at least a partial match between the newstream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures. Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: cause theprocessor circuit to execute the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures, the executing performed in response to theanticipating of the artificial intelligence unit, wherein the object ofthe application performs one or more operations defined by the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the one or moreoperations performed in response to the executing by the processorcircuit.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of streamsof digital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating an object of an application, the plurality including a firststream of digital pictures correlated with one or more instruction setsfor operating the object of the application. The operations may furtherinclude: receiving a new stream of digital pictures from a renderer, therenderer configured to render streams of digital pictures of asurrounding of the object of the application. The operations may furtherinclude: anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures based on at least a partial match between the new stream ofdigital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures. Theoperations may further include: causing an execution of the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures, the causing performed inresponse to the anticipating the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures based on at least a partial match between the newstream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures,wherein the object of the application performs one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first stream of digital pictures,the one or more operations performed in response to the execution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of streams of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating anobject of an application, the plurality including a first stream ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application, the accessing of (a) performedby a processor circuit. The method may further include: (b) receiving anew stream of digital pictures from a renderer by the processor circuit,the renderer configured to render streams of digital pictures of asurrounding of the object of the application. The method may furtherinclude: (c) anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe object of the application correlated with the first stream ofdigital pictures based on at least a partial match between the newstream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures, theanticipating of (c) performed by the processor circuit. The method mayfurther include: (d) executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the first streamof digital pictures, the executing of (d) performed in response to theanticipating of (c). The method may further include: (e) performing, bythe object of the application, one or more operations defined by the oneor more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the one or moreoperations performed in response to the executing of (d).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning andusing views of an application for autonomous application operating. Thesystem may be implemented at least in part on one or more computingdevices. In some embodiments, the system comprises a processor circuitconfigured to execute instruction sets of an application. The system mayfurther include a memory unit configured to store data. The system mayfurther include a renderer configured to render digital pictures ofviews of the application. The system may further include an artificialintelligence unit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unitmay be configured to: receive a first digital picture from the renderer.The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: receiveone or more instruction sets for operating the application; Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: learn thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application. The artificial intelligence unit may befurther configured to: receive a new digital picture from the renderer.The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to:anticipate the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture based on at leasta partial match between the new digital picture and the first digitalpicture. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to:cause the processor circuit to execute the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application correlated with the first digital picture,the executing performed in response to the anticipating of theartificial intelligence unit, wherein the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application correlated with the first digital picture, theone or more operations performed in response to the executing by theprocessor circuit.

In certain embodiments, the views of the application include views ofone or more objects of the application. In further embodiments, thedigital pictures of views of the application include digital pictures ofa first-person view of the application, digital pictures of athird-person view of the application, digital pictures of a top-downview of the application, digital pictures of a side-on view of theapplication, digital pictures of an area of interest of the application,or digital pictures of a screenshot of the application.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication include one or more instruction sets executed in operatingthe application. In further embodiments, the one or more instructionsets for operating the application include one or more instruction setsfor operating one or more objects of the application.

In certain embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application includes ananticipatory digital picture whose correlated one or more instructionsets for operating the application can be used for anticipation of oneor more instruction sets to be executed in an operation of theapplication. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication includes a unit of knowledge of how the application operatedin a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, the learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes learning a user's knowledge, style,or methodology of operating the application in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first digital picture includes implementing a user's knowledge,style, or methodology of operating the application in a visualsurrounding.

In certain embodiments, the performing the one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includesimplementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theapplication in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive a second digital picture from the renderer;receive additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication; and learn the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the application.In further embodiments, the second digital picture includes a secondstream of digital pictures. In further embodiments, the learning thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application and the learning the second digitalpicture correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application include creating a connection between thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application and the second digital picture correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication. The connection may include or is associated with at leastone of: an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data. Infurther embodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the application andthe learning the second digital picture correlated with the additionalone or more instruction sets for operating the application includeupdating a connection between the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the application and thesecond digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application. The updating theconnection between the first digital picture correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application and the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application may include updating at least one of:an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data included in orassociated with the connection. In further embodiments, the learning thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application includes storing the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication into a first node of a data structure, and wherein thelearning the second digital picture correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the application includes storingthe second digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application into a second node of thedata structure. The data structure may include a neural network, agraph, a collection of sequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledgecells, a knowledgebase, or a knowledge structure. The learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application and the learning the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application may include creating a connection between thefirst node and the second node. The learning the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication and the learning the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication include updating a connection between the first node and thesecond node. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication is stored into a first node of a neural network and thesecond digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application is stored into a secondnode of the neural network. The first node and the second node may beconnected by a connection. The first node may be part of a first layerof the neural network and the second node may be part of a second layerof the neural network. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication is stored into a first node of a graph and the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application is stored into a second node of thegraph. The first node and the second node may be connected by aconnection. In further embodiments, the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the application isstored into a first node of a sequence and the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application is stored into a second node of the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first digital picture from a renderer, therenderer configured to render digital pictures of views of anapplication. The operations may further include: receiving one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application. The operations mayfurther include: learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application. Theoperations may further include: receiving a new digital picture from therenderer. The operations may further include: anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application correlated with thefirst digital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture. The operations mayfurther include: causing an execution of the one or more instructionsets for operating the application correlated with the first digitalpicture, the causing performed in response to the anticipating the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application correlated withthe first digital picture based on at least a partial match between thenew digital picture and the first digital picture, wherein theapplication performs one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving, by a first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, a first digital picture from a renderer, therenderer configured to render digital pictures of views of anapplication. The operations may further include: receiving, by the firstprocessor circuit of the one or more processor circuits, one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application. The operations mayfurther include: learning, by the first processor circuit of the one ormore processor circuits, the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application. Theoperations may further include: receiving, by the first processorcircuit of the one or more processor circuits, a new digital picturefrom the renderer. The operations may further include: anticipating, bythe first processor circuit of the one or more processor circuits, theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first digital picture based on at least a partial match betweenthe new digital picture and the first digital picture. The operationsmay further include: causing, by the first processor circuit of the oneor more processor circuits, an execution, by a second processor circuitof the one or more processor circuits, of the one or more instructionsets for operating the application correlated with the first digitalpicture, the causing performed in response to the anticipating the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application correlated withthe first digital picture based on at least a partial match between thenew digital picture and the first digital picture, wherein theapplication performs one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first digital picture from a renderer by a processorcircuit, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of views ofan application. The method may further include: (b) receiving one ormore instruction sets for operating the application by the processorcircuit. The method may further include: (c) learning the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application, the learning of (c) performed by the processor circuit.The method may further include: (d) receiving a new digital picture fromthe renderer by the processor circuit. The method may further include:(e) anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture based on at leasta partial match between the new digital picture and the first digitalpicture, the anticipating of (e) performed by the processor circuit. Themethod may further include: (f) executing the one or more instructionsets for operating the application correlated with the first digitalpicture, the executing of (f) performed in response to the anticipatingof (e). The method may further include: (g) performing, by theapplication, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecuting of (f).

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first digital picture from a renderer by a first processorcircuit, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of views ofan application. The method may further include: (b) receiving one ormore instruction sets for operating the application by the firstprocessor circuit. The method may further include: (c) learning thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application, the learning of (c) performed by thefirst processor circuit. The method may further include: (d) receiving anew digital picture from the renderer by the first processor circuit.The method may further include: (e) anticipating the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture, the anticipating of (e)performed by the first processor circuit. The method may furtherinclude: (f) executing, by a second processor circuit, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the executing of (f) performed in response to theanticipating of (e). The method may further include: (g) performing, bythe application, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecuting of (f).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumsand/or the methods may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemediums and/or the methods may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In further embodiments, the views of the application include views ofone or more objects of the application. In further embodiments, thedigital pictures of views of the application include digital pictures ofa first-person view of the application, digital pictures of athird-person view of the application, digital pictures of a top-downview of the application, digital pictures of a side-on view of theapplication, digital pictures of an area of interest of the application,or digital pictures of a screenshot of the application.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication include one or more instruction sets of the applicationexecuted in operating the application. In further embodiments, the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application include one ormore instruction sets for operating one or more objects of theapplication.

In certain embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application includes ananticipatory digital picture whose correlated one or more instructionsets for operating the application can be used for anticipation of oneor more instruction sets to be executed in an operation of theapplication. In further embodiments, the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication includes a unit of knowledge of how the application operatedin a visual surrounding. In further embodiments, the learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes learning a user's knowledge, style,or methodology of operating the application in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application correlated with the first digital pictureincludes implementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology ofoperating the application in a visual surrounding.

In certain embodiments, the performing the one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture includesimplementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theapplication in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving a seconddigital picture from the renderer; receiving additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application; and learning the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application. In further embodiments, the seconddigital picture includes a second stream of digital pictures. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application and thelearning the second digital picture correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the application include creatinga connection between the first digital picture correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application and the seconddigital picture correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application. The connection may include or beassociated with at least one of: an occurrence count, a weight, aparameter, or a data. In further embodiments, the learning the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application and the learning the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application include updating a connection between thefirst digital picture correlated with the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application and the second digital picture correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication. The updating the connection between the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application and the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationmay include updating at least one of: an occurrence count, a weight, aparameter, or a data included in or associated with the connection. Infurther embodiments, the learning the first digital picture correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationincludes storing the first digital picture correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application into a first node ofa data structure, and wherein the learning the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes storing the second digital picturecorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application into a second node of the data structure. Thedata structure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. The learning the first digital picturecorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication and the learning the second digital picture correlated withthe additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication may include creating a connection between the first node andthe second node. The learning the first digital picture correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the application and thelearning the second digital picture correlated with the additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the application may includeupdating a connection between the first node and the second node. Infurther embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application is stored into afirst node of a neural network and the second digital picture correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication is stored into a second node of the neural network. Thefirst node and the second node may be connected by a connection. Thefirst node may be part of a first layer of the neural network and thesecond node may be part of a second layer of the neural network. Infurther embodiments, the first digital picture correlated with the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application is stored into afirst node of a graph and the second digital picture correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the application isstored into a second node of the graph. The first node and the secondnode may be connected by a connection. In further embodiments, the firstdigital picture correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application is stored into a first node of a sequence andthe second digital picture correlated with the additional one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application is stored into a secondnode of the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning viewsof an application for autonomous application operating. The system maybe implemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. Insome embodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application. The system may furtherinclude a memory unit configured to store data. The system may furtherinclude a renderer configured to render digital pictures of views of theapplication. The system may further include an artificial intelligenceunit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may beconfigured to: receive a first digital picture from the renderer. Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: receive oneor more instruction sets for operating the application. The artificialintelligence unit may be further configured to: learn the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first digital picture from a renderer, therenderer configured to render digital pictures of views of anapplication. The operations may further include: receiving one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application. The operations mayfurther include: learning the first digital picture correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to method comprising: (a)receiving a first digital picture from a renderer by a processorcircuit, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of views ofan application. The method may further include: (b) receiving one ormore instruction sets for operating the application by the processorcircuit. The method may further include: (c) learning the first digitalpicture correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application, the learning of (c) performed by the processor circuit.

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for using views ofan application for autonomous application operating. The system may beimplemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. In someembodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application. The system may furtherinclude a memory unit configured to store a plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication, the plurality including a first digital picture correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the application. Thesystem may further include a renderer configured to render digitalpictures of views of the application. The system may further include anartificial intelligence unit. In some embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit may be configured to: access the first digital picturecorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication stored in the memory unit. The artificial intelligence unitmay be further configured to: receive a new digital picture from therenderer. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to:anticipate the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture based on at leasta partial match between the new digital picture and the first digitalpicture. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to:cause the processor circuit to execute the one or more instruction setsfor operating the application correlated with the first digital picture,the executing performed in response to the anticipating of theartificial intelligence unit, wherein the application performs one ormore operations defined by the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application correlated with the first digital picture, theone or more operations performed in response to the executing by theprocessor circuit.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating anapplication, the plurality including a first digital picture correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the application. Theoperations may further include: receiving a new digital picture from arenderer, the renderer configured to render digital pictures of views ofthe application. The operations may further include: anticipating theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first digital picture based on at least a partial match betweenthe new digital picture and the first digital picture. The operationsmay further include: causing an execution of the one or more instructionsets for operating the application correlated with the first digitalpicture, the causing performed in response to the anticipating the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application correlated withthe first digital picture based on at least a partial match between thenew digital picture and the first digital picture, wherein theapplication performs one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of digital picturescorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating anapplication, the plurality including a first digital picture correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the application, theaccessing of (a) performed by a processor circuit. The method mayfurther include: (b) receiving a new digital picture from a renderer bythe processor circuit, the renderer configured to render digitalpictures of views of the application. The method may further include:(c) anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture based on at leasta partial match between the new digital picture and the first digitalpicture, the anticipating of (c) performed by the processor circuit. Themethod may further include: (d) executing the one or more instructionsets for operating the application correlated with the first digitalpicture, the executing of (d) performed in response to the anticipatingof (c). The method may further include: (e) performing, by theapplication, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture, the one or more operations performed in response to theexecuting of (d).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning andusing views of an application for autonomous application operating. Thesystem may be implemented at least in part on one or more computingdevices. In some embodiments, the system comprises a processor circuitconfigured to execute instruction sets of an application. The system mayfurther include a memory unit configured to store data. The system mayfurther include a renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of views of the application. The system may further include anartificial intelligence unit. In some embodiments, the artificialintelligence unit may be configured to: receive a first stream ofdigital pictures from the renderer. The artificial intelligence unit maybe further configured to: receive one or more instruction sets foroperating the application. The artificial intelligence unit may befurther configured to: learn the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configuredto: receive a new stream of digital pictures from the renderer. Theartificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: anticipatethe one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures based on at least apartial match between the new stream of digital pictures and the firststream of digital pictures. The artificial intelligence unit may befurther configured to: cause the processor circuit to execute the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures, the executing performed in response tothe anticipating of the artificial intelligence unit, wherein theapplication performs one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures, the one or more operations performed inresponse to the executing by the processor circuit.

In certain embodiments, the views of the application include views ofone or more objects of the application. In further embodiments, thestreams of digital pictures of views of the application include streamsof digital pictures of a first-person view of the application, streamsof digital pictures of a third-person view of the application, streamsof digital pictures of a top-down view of the application, streams ofdigital pictures of a side-on view of the application, streams ofdigital pictures of an area of interest of the application, or streamsof digital pictures of a screenshot of the application.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication include one or more instruction sets executed in operatingthe application. In further embodiments, the one or more instructionsets for operating the application include one or more instruction setsfor operating one or more objects of the application.

In further embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationincludes an anticipatory stream of digital pictures whose correlated oneor more instruction sets for operating the application can be used foranticipation of one or more instruction sets to be executed in anoperation of the application. In further embodiments, the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes a unit of knowledge of how theapplication operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments,the learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application includeslearning a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theapplication in a visual surrounding.

In certain embodiments, the causing the processor circuit to execute theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures includes implementing a user'sknowledge, style, or methodology of operating the application in avisual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the performing the one or more operations definedby the one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures includesimplementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theapplication in a visual surrounding.

In certain embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive a second stream of digital pictures from therenderer; receive additional one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application; and learn the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application. In further embodiments, the second stream ofdigital pictures includes one or more digital pictures. In furtherembodiments, the learning the first stream of digital picturescorrelated with the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication and the learning the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application include creating a connection between thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application and the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application. The connection may include or isassociated with at least one of: an occurrence count, a weight, aparameter, or a data. In further embodiments, the learning the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the application and the learning the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application include updating a connection betweenthe first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application and the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application. The updating the connection betweenthe first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application and the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application may include updating at least one of:an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data included in orassociated with the connection. In further embodiments, the learning thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application includes storing thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application into a first node of adata structure, and wherein the learning the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes storing the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application into a second node of the data structure. Thedata structure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. The learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application and the learning the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application may include creating a connection between thefirst node and the second node. The learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application and the learning the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application may include updating a connection between thefirst node and the second node. In further embodiments, the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application is stored into a first node of a neuralnetwork and the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the application isstored into a second node of the neural network. The first node and thesecond node may be connected by a connection. The first node may be partof a first layer of the neural network and the second node may be partof a second layer of the neural network. In further embodiments, thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application is stored into a firstnode of a graph and the second stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication is stored into a second node of the graph. The first nodeand the second node may be connected by a connection. In furtherembodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application is storedinto a first node of a sequence and the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application is stored into a second node of the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first stream of digital pictures from arenderer, the renderer configured to render streams of digital picturesof views of an application. The operations may further include:receiving one or more instruction sets for operating the application.The operations may further include: learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application. The operations may further include: receiving a newstream of digital pictures from the renderer. The operations may furtherinclude: anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures basedon at least a partial match between the new stream of digital picturesand the first stream of digital pictures. The operations may furtherinclude: causing an execution of the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures, the causing performed in response to the anticipating the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application correlated withthe first stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures, wherein the application performs one or moreoperations defined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures, theone or more operations performed in response to the execution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving, by a first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer,the renderer configured to render streams of digital pictures of viewsof an application. The operations may further include: receiving, by thefirst processor circuit of the one or more processor circuits, one ormore instruction sets for operating the application. The operations mayfurther include: learning, by the first processor circuit of the one ormore processor circuits, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the application. Theoperations may further include: receiving, by the first processorcircuit of the one or more processor circuits, a new stream of digitalpictures from the renderer. The operations may further include:anticipating, by the first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures basedon at least a partial match between the new stream of digital picturesand the first stream of digital pictures. The operations may furtherinclude: causing, by the first processor circuit of the one or moreprocessor circuits, an execution, by a second processor circuit of theone or more processor circuits, of the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures, the causing performed in response to the anticipating the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application correlated withthe first stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures, wherein the application performs one or moreoperations defined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures, theone or more operations performed in response to the execution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer by aprocessor circuit, the renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of views of an application. The method may further include: (b)receiving one or more instruction sets for operating the application bythe processor circuit. The method may further include: (c) learning thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application, the learning of (c)performed by the processor circuit. The method may further include: (d)receiving a new stream of digital pictures from the renderer by theprocessor circuit. The method may further include: (e) anticipating theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures based on at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures, the anticipating of (e) performed by the processorcircuit. The method may further include: (f) executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures, the executing of (f) performed in responseto the anticipating of (e). The method may further include: (g)performing, by the application, one or more operations defined by theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures, the one or more operationsperformed in response to the executing of (f).

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer by a firstprocessor circuit, the renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of views of an application. The method may further include: (b)receiving one or more instruction sets for operating the application bythe first processor circuit. The method may further include: (c)learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application, the learning of (c)performed by the first processor circuit. The method may furtherinclude: (d) receiving a new stream of digital pictures from therenderer by the first processor circuit. The method may further include:(e) anticipating the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures basedon at least a partial match between the new stream of digital picturesand the first stream of digital pictures, the anticipating of (e)performed by the first processor circuit. The method may furtherinclude: (f) executing, by a second processor circuit, the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures, the executing of (f) performed in responseto the anticipating of (e). The method may further include: (g)performing, by the application, one or more operations defined by theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures, the one or more operationsperformed in response to the executing of (f).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumsand/or the methods may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemediums and/or the methods may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In certain embodiments, the views of the application include views ofone or more objects of the application. In further embodiments, thestreams of digital pictures of views of the application include streamsof digital pictures of a first-person view of the application, streamsof digital pictures of a third-person view of the application, streamsof digital pictures of a top-down view of the application, streams ofdigital pictures of a side-on view of the application, streams ofdigital pictures of an area of interest of the application, or streamsof digital pictures of a screenshot of the application.

In some embodiments, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication include one or more instruction sets of the applicationexecuted in operating the application. In further embodiments, the oneor more instruction sets for operating the application include one ormore instruction sets for operating one or more objects of theapplication.

In certain embodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationincludes an anticipatory stream of digital pictures whose correlated oneor more instruction sets for operating the application can be used foranticipation of one or more instruction sets to be executed in anoperation of the application. In further embodiments, the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes a unit of knowledge of how theapplication operated in a visual surrounding. In further embodiments,the learning the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application includeslearning a user's knowledge, style, or methodology of operating theapplication in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the executing the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application correlated with the first stream of digitalpictures includes implementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodologyof operating the application in a visual surrounding.

In certain embodiments, the performing the one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital picturesincludes implementing a user's knowledge, style, or methodology ofoperating the application in a visual surrounding.

In some embodiments, the operations of the non-transitory computerstorage mediums and/or the methods further comprise: receiving a secondstream of digital pictures from the renderer; receiving additional oneor more instruction sets for operating the application; and learning thesecond stream of digital pictures correlated with the additional one ormore instruction sets for operating the application. In furtherembodiments, the second stream of digital pictures includes one or moredigital pictures. In further embodiments, the learning the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application and the learning the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application include creating a connection between thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application and the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application. The connection may include or beassociated with at least one of: an occurrence count, a weight, aparameter, or a data. In further embodiments, the learning the firststream of digital pictures correlated with the one or more instructionsets for operating the application and the learning the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application include updating a connection betweenthe first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application and the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application. The updating the connection betweenthe first stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application and the second stream ofdigital pictures correlated with the additional one or more instructionsets for operating the application may include updating at least one of:an occurrence count, a weight, a parameter, or a data included in orassociated with the connection. In further embodiments, the learning thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application includes storing thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application into a first node of adata structure, and wherein the learning the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application includes storing the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application into a second node of the data structure. Thedata structure may include a neural network, a graph, a collection ofsequences, a sequence, a collection of knowledge cells, a knowledgebase,or a knowledge structure. The learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application and the learning the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application may include creating a connection between thefirst node and the second node. The learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application and the learning the second stream of digital picturescorrelated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application may include updating a connection between thefirst node and the second node. In further embodiments, the first streamof digital pictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets foroperating the application is stored into a first node of a neuralnetwork and the second stream of digital pictures correlated with theadditional one or more instruction sets for operating the application isstored into a second node of the neural network. The first node and thesecond node may be connected by a connection. The first node may be partof a first layer of the neural network and the second node may be partof a second layer of the neural network. In further embodiments, thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application is stored into a firstnode of a graph and the second stream of digital pictures correlatedwith the additional one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication is stored into a second node of the graph. The first nodeand the second node may be connected by a connection. In furtherembodiments, the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application is storedinto a first node of a sequence and the second stream of digitalpictures correlated with the additional one or more instruction sets foroperating the application is stored into a second node of the sequence.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for learning viewsof an application for autonomous application operating. The system maybe implemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. Insome embodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application. The system may furtherinclude a memory unit configured to store data. The system may furtherinclude a renderer configured to render streams of digital pictures ofviews of the application. The system may further include an artificialintelligence unit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unitmay be configured to: receive a first stream of digital pictures fromthe renderer. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configuredto: receive one or more instruction sets for operating the application.The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to: learn thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: receiving a first stream of digital pictures from arenderer, the renderer configured to render streams of digital picturesof views of an application. The operations may further include:receiving one or more instruction sets for operating the application.The operations may further include: learning the first stream of digitalpictures correlated with the one or more instruction sets for operatingthe application.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)receiving a first stream of digital pictures from a renderer by aprocessor circuit, the renderer configured to render streams of digitalpictures of views of an application. The method may further include: (b)receiving one or more instruction sets for operating the application bythe processor circuit. The method may further include: (c) learning thefirst stream of digital pictures correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application, the learning of (c)performed by the processor circuit.

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a system for using views ofan application for autonomous application operating. The system may beimplemented at least in part on one or more computing devices. In someembodiments, the system comprises a processor circuit configured toexecute instruction sets of an application. The system may furtherinclude a memory unit configured to store a plurality of streams ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the application, the plurality including a first stream ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the application. The system may further include a rendererconfigured to render streams of digital pictures of views of theapplication. The system may further include an artificial intelligenceunit. In some embodiments, the artificial intelligence unit may beconfigured to: access the first stream of digital pictures correlatedwith one or more instruction sets for operating the application storedin the memory unit. The artificial intelligence unit may be furtherconfigured to: receive a new stream of digital pictures from therenderer. The artificial intelligence unit may be further configured to:anticipate the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures basedon at least a partial match between the new stream of digital picturesand the first stream of digital pictures. The artificial intelligenceunit may be further configured to: cause the processor circuit toexecute the one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the executingperformed in response to the anticipating of the artificial intelligenceunit, wherein the application performs one or more operations defined bythe one or more instruction sets for operating the applicationcorrelated with the first stream of digital pictures, the one or moreoperations performed in response to the executing by the processorcircuit.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computerstorage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the programincluding instructions that when executed by one or more processorcircuits cause the one or more processor circuits to perform operationscomprising: accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of streamsof digital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating an application, the plurality including a first stream ofdigital pictures correlated with one or more instruction sets foroperating the application. The operations may further include: receivinga new stream of digital pictures from a renderer, the rendererconfigured to render streams of digital pictures of views of theapplication. The operations may further include: anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures. The operations may further include: causing anexecution of the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures, thecausing performed in response to the anticipating the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures based on at least a partial match between thenew stream of digital pictures and the first stream of digital pictures,wherein the application performs one or more operations defined by theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures, the one or more operationsperformed in response to the execution.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method comprising: (a)accessing a memory unit that stores a plurality of streams of digitalpictures correlated with one or more instruction sets for operating anapplication, the plurality including a first stream of digital picturescorrelated with one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication, the accessing of (a) performed by a processor circuit. Themethod may further include: (b) receiving a new stream of digitalpictures from a renderer by the processor circuit, the rendererconfigured to render streams of digital pictures of views of theapplication. The method may further include: (c) anticipating the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application correlated with thefirst stream of digital pictures based on at least a partial matchbetween the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures, the anticipating of (c) performed by the processorcircuit. The method may further include: (d) executing the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures, the executing of (d) performed in responseto the anticipating of (c). The method may further include: (e)performing, by the application, one or more operations defined by theone or more instruction sets for operating the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures, the one or more operationsperformed in response to the executing of (d).

The operations or steps of the non-transitory computer storage mediumand/or the method may be performed by any of the elements of the abovedescribed systems as applicable. The non-transitory computer storagemedium and/or the method may include any of the operations, steps, andembodiments of the above described systems as applicable as well as thefollowing embodiments.

Other features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparentfrom the following description, including the claims and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of Computing Device 70 that canprovide processing capabilities used in some of the disclosedembodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of Computing Device 70 comprising Unitfor Learning and/or Using Visual Surrounding for Autonomous ObjectOperation (VSAOO Unit 100).

FIG. 3 illustrates some embodiments of obtaining instruction sets, data,and/or other information through tracing, profiling, or sampling ofProcessor 11 registers, memory, or other computing system components.

FIGS. 4A-4E illustrate some embodiments of Instruction Sets 526.

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate some embodiments of Extra Information 527.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment where VSAOO Unit 100 is part of oroperating on Processor 11.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment where VSAOO Unit 100 resides on Server96 accessible over Network 95.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of VSAOO Unit 100 comprising PictureRecognizer 350.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of Artificial Intelligence Unit 110.

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit 520correlating individual Digital Pictures 525 with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527.

FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit 520correlating individual Digital Pictures 525 with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527.

FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit 520correlating streams of Digital Pictures 525 with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527.

FIG. 13 illustrates another embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit 520correlating streams of Digital Pictures 525 with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527.

FIG. 14 illustrates various artificial intelligence methods, systems,and/or models that can be utilized in VSAOO Unit 100 embodiments.

FIGS. 15A-15C illustrate embodiments of interconnected Knowledge Cells800 and updating weights of Connections 853.

FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Neural Network 530 a.

FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Neural Network 530 acomprising shortcut Connections 853.

FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Graph 530 b.

FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Collection of Sequences530 c.

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 from a single Knowledge Cell 800.

FIG. 22 illustrates an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 by traversing a single Knowledge Cell 800.

FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using collective similarity comparisons.

FIG. 24 illustrates an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Neural Network 530 a.

FIG. 25 illustrates an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Graph 530 b.

FIG. 26 illustrates an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Collection of Sequences 530 c.

FIG. 27 illustrates some embodiments of modifying execution and/orfunctionality of Processor 11 through modification of Processor 11registers, memory, or other computing system components.

FIG. 28 illustrates a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of method 6100for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation.

FIG. 29 illustrates a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of method 6200for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation.

FIG. 30 illustrates a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of method 6300for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation.

FIG. 31 illustrates a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of method 6400for learning and/or using views of an application for autonomousapplication operation.

FIG. 32 illustrates a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of method 6500for learning and/or using views of an application for autonomousapplication operation.

FIG. 33 illustrates a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of method 6600for learning and/or using views of an application for autonomousapplication operation.

FIG. 34 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of Avatar 180 a within 3DComputer Game 18 a.

FIG. 35 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of User Controllable Object180 b within 3D Virtual World 18 b.

FIG. 36 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of Avatar 180 c within 2DComputer Game 18 c.

FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of utilizing Area ofInterest 450 around Avatar 180 c within 2D Computer Game 18 c.

FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of 2D Computer Game 18 dcomprising multiple Objects 180 that User 50 can control or operate.

Like reference numerals in different figures indicate like elements.Horizontal or vertical “ . . . ” or other such indicia may be used toindicate additional instances of the same type of element n, m, x, orother such letters or indicia represent integers or other sequentialnumbers that follow the sequence where they are indicated. It should benoted that n, m, x, or other such letters or indicia may representdifferent numbers in different elements even where the elements aredepicted in the same figure. In general, n, m, x, or other such lettersor indicia may follow the sequence and/or context where they areindicated. Any of these or other such letters or indicia may be usedinterchangeably depending on the context and space available. Thedrawings are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead beingplaced upon illustrating the embodiments, principles, and concepts ofthe disclosure. A line or arrow between any of the disclosed elementscomprises an interface that enables the coupling, connection, and/orinteraction between the elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosed artificially intelligent devices, systems, and methods forlearning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous object operationcomprise apparatuses, systems, methods, features, functionalities,and/or applications that enable learning one or more digital pictures ofan object's surrounding along with correlated instruction sets foroperating the object, storing this knowledge in a knowledgebase (i.e.neural network, graph, sequences, etc.), and autonomously operating anobject. The disclosed artificially intelligent devices, systems, andmethods for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomousobject operation, any of their elements, any of their embodiments, or acombination thereof can generally be referred to as VSAOO, VSAOO Unit,or as other similar name or reference.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an embodiment is illustrated of ComputingDevice 70 (also referred to as computing system or other similar name orreference, etc.) that can provide processing capabilities used in someembodiments of the forthcoming disclosure. Later described devices,systems, and methods, in combination with processing capabilities ofComputing Device 70, enable learning and/or using an object's visualsurrounding for autonomous object operation and/or other functionalitiesdescribed herein. Various embodiments of the disclosed devices, systems,and methods include hardware, functions, logic, programs, and/or acombination thereof that can be provided or implemented on any type orform of computing, computing enabled, or other device such as a mobiledevice, a computer, a computing enabled telephone, a server, a clouddevice, a gaming device, a television device, a digital camera, a GPSreceiver, a media player, an embedded device, a supercomputer, awearable device, an implantable device, or any other type or form ofcomputing, computing enabled, or other device or system capable ofperforming the operations described herein.

In some designs, Computing Device 70 comprises hardware, processingtechniques or capabilities, programs, or a combination thereof.Computing Device 70 includes one or more central processing units, whichmay also be referred to as processors 11. Processor 11 includes one ormore memory ports 10 and/or one or more input-output ports, alsoreferred to as I/O ports 15, such as I/O ports 15A and 15B. Processor 11may be special or general purpose. Computing Device 70 may furtherinclude memory 12, which can be connected to the remainder of thecomponents of Computing Device 70 via bus 5. Memory 12 can be connectedto processor 11 via memory port 10. Computing Device 70 may also includedisplay device 21 such as a monitor, projector, glasses, and/or otherdisplay device. Computing Device 70 may also include Human-machineInterface 23 such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a mouse, atouchscreen, a joystick, and/or other input device that can be connectedwith the remainder of the Computing Device 70 components via I/O control22. In some implementations, Human-machine Interface 23 can be connectedwith bus 5 or directly connected with specific components of ComputingDevice 70. Computing Device 70 may include additional elements, such asone or more input/output devices 13. Processor 11 may include or beinterfaced with cache memory 14. Storage 27 may include memory, whichprovides an operating system, also referred to as OS 17, additionalapplication programs 18 operating on OS 17, and/or data space 19 inwhich additional data or information can be stored. Alternative memorydevice 16 can be connected to the remaining components of ComputingDevice 70 via bus 5. Network interface 25 can also be connected with bus5 and be used to communicate with external computing devices via anetwork. Some or all described elements of Computing Device 70 can bedirectly or operatively connected or coupled with each other using anyother connection means known in art. Other additional elements may beincluded as needed, or some of the disclosed ones may be excluded, or acombination thereof may be utilized in alternate implementations ofComputing Device 70.

Processor 11 includes any logic circuitry that can respond to or processinstructions fetched from memory 12 or other element. Processor 11 mayalso include any combination of hardware and/or processing techniques orcapabilities for implementing or executing logic functions or programs.Processor 11 may include a single core or a multi core processor.Processor 11 includes the functionality for loading operating system 17and operating any application programs 18 thereon. In some embodiments,Processor 11 can be provided in a microprocessing or a processing unit,such as, for example, Snapdragon processor produced by Qualcomm Inc.,processor by Intel Corporation of Mountain View, Calif., processormanufactured by Motorola Corporation of Schaumburg, Ill.; processormanufactured by Transmeta Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif.; theRS/6000 processor, processor manufactured by International BusinessMachines of White Plains, N.Y.; processor manufactured by Advanced MicroDevices of Sunnyvale, Calif., or any computing unit for performingsimilar functions. In other embodiments, processor 11 can be provided ina graphics processing unit (GPU), visual processing unit (VPU), or otherhighly parallel processing unit or circuit such as, for example, nVidiaGeForce line of GPUs, AMD Radeon line of GPUs, and/or others. Such GPUsor other highly parallel processing units may provide superiorperformance in processing operations on neural networks and/or otherdata structures. In further embodiments, processor 11 can be provided ina micro controller such as, for example, Texas instruments, Atmel,Microchip Technology, ARM, Silicon Labs, Intel, and/or other lines ofmicro controllers, and/or others. In further embodiments, processor 11includes any circuit (i.e. logic circuit, etc.) or device for performinglogic operations. Computing Device 70 can be based on one or more of theaforementioned or other processors capable of operating as describedherein.

Memory 12 includes one or more memory chips capable of storing data andallowing any storage location to be accessed by processor 11 and/orother element. Examples of Memory 12 include static random access memory(SRAM), Flash memory, Burst SRAM or SynchBurst SRAM (BSRAM), Dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM), Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM DRAM), EnhancedDRAM (EDRAM), Extended Data Output RAM (EDO RAM), Extended Data OutputDRAM (EDO DRAM), Burst Extended Data Output DRAM (BEDO DRAM), EnhancedDRAM (EDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), JEDEC SRAM, PC100 SDRAM, DoubleData Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), SyncLink DRAM(SLDRAM), Direct Rambus DRAM (DRDRAM), Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), and/orothers. Memory 12 can be based on any of the above described memorychips, or any other available memory chips capable of operating asdescribed herein. In some embodiments, processor 11 can communicate withmemory 12 via a system bus 5. In other embodiments, processor 11 cancommunicate directly with memory 12 via a memory port 10.

Processor 11 can communicate directly with cache memory 14 via aconnection means such as a secondary bus which may also sometimes bereferred to as a backside bus. In some embodiments, processor 11 cancommunicate with cache memory 14 using the system bus 5. Cache memory 14may typically have a faster response time than main memory 12 and caninclude a type of memory which is considered faster than main memory 12,such as for example SRAM, BSRAM, or EDRAM. Cache memory includes anystructure such as multilevel caches, for example. In some embodiments,processor 11 can communicate with one or more I/O devices 13 via asystem bus 5. Various busses can be used to connect processor 11 to anyof the I/O devices 13, such as a VESA VL bus, an ISA bus, an EISA bus, aMicroChannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a PCI bus, a PCI-X bus, aPCI-Express bus, a NuBus, and/or others. In some embodiments, processor11 can communicate directly with I/O device 13 via HyperTransport, RapidI/O, or InfiniBand. In further embodiments, local busses and directcommunication can be mixed. For example, processor 11 can communicatewith an I/O device 13 using a local interconnect bus and communicatewith another I/O device 13 directly. Similar configurations can be usedfor any other components described herein.

Computing Device 70 may further include alternative memory such as a SDmemory slot, a USB memory stick, an optical drive such as a CD-ROMdrive, a CD-R/RW drive, a DVD-ROM drive or a BlueRay disc, a hard-drive,and/or any other device comprising non-volatile memory suitable forstoring data or installing application programs. Computing Device 70 mayfurther include a storage device 27 comprising any type or form ofnon-volatile memory for storing an operating system (OS) such as anytype or form of Windows OS, Mac OS, Unix OS, Linux OS, Android OS,iPhone OS, mobile version of Windows OS, an embedded OS, or any other OSthat can operate on Computing Device 70. Computing Device 70 may alsoinclude application programs 18, and/or data space 19 for storingadditional data or information. In some embodiments, alternative memory16 can be used as or similar to storage device 27. Additionally, OS 17and/or application programs 18 can be operable from a bootable medium,such as for example, a flash drive, a micro SD card, a bootable CD orDVD, and/or other bootable medium.

Application Program 18 (also referred to as program, computer program,application, script, code, or other similar name or reference) comprisesinstructions that can provide functionality when executed by processor11. Application program 18 can be implemented in a high-level proceduralor object-oriented programming language, or in a low-level machine orassembly language. Any language used can be compiled, interpreted, orotherwise translated into machine language. Application program 18 canbe deployed in any form including as a stand-alone program or as amodule, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in acomputing system. Application program 18 does not necessarily correspondto a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of afile that may hold other programs or data, in a single file dedicated tothe program, or in multiple files (i.e. files that store one or moremodules, sub programs, or portions of code, etc.). Application Program18 can be delivered in various forms such as, for example, executablefile, library, script, plugin, addon, applet, interface, consoleapplication, web application, application service provider (ASP)-typeapplication, cloud application, operating system, and/or other forms.Application program 18 can be deployed to be executed on one computingdevice or on multiple computing devices (i.e. cloud, distributed, orparallel computing, etc.), or at one site or distributed across multiplesites interconnected by a communication network. Examples of ApplicationProgram 18 include computer game, virtual world, web browser, mediaapplication, word processing application, spreadsheet application,database application, forms-based application, global positioning system(GPS) application, 2D application, 3D application, operating system,factory automation application, device control application, vehiclecontrol application, and/or other application or program.

Network interface 25 can be utilized for interfacing Computing Device 70with other devices via a network through a variety of connectionsincluding standard telephone lines, wired or wireless connections, LANor WAN links (i.e. 802.11, T1, T3, 56 kb, X.25, etc.), broadbandconnections (i.e. ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM, etc.), or a combinationthereof. Examples of networks include the Internet, an intranet, anextranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), apersonal area network (PAN), a home area network (HAN), a campus areanetwork (CAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a global area network(GAN), a storage area network (SAN), virtual network, a virtual privatenetwork (VPN), Bluetooth network, a wireless network, a wireless LAN, aradio network, a HomePNA, a power line communication network, a G.hnnetwork, an optical fiber network, an Ethernet network, an activenetworking network, a client-server network, a peer-to-peer network, abus network, a star network, a ring network, a mesh network, a star-busnetwork, a tree network, a hierarchical topology network, and/or othernetworks. Network interface 25 may include a built-in network adapter,network interface card, PCMCIA network card, card bus network adapter,wireless network adapter, Bluetooth network adapter, WiFi networkadapter, USB network adapter, modem, and/or any other device suitablefor interfacing Computing Device 70 with any type of network capable ofcommunication and/or operations described herein.

Still referring to FIG. 1, I/O devices 13 may be present in variousshapes or forms in Computing Device 70. Examples of I/O device 13capable of input include a joystick, a keyboard, a mouse, a trackpad, atrackpoint, a touchscreen, a trackball, a microphone, a drawing tablet,a glove, a tactile input device, a still or video camera, and/or otherinput device. Examples of I/O device 13 capable of output include avideo display, a touchscreen, a projector, a glasses, a speaker, atactile output device, and/or other output device. Examples of I/Odevice 13 capable of input and output include a disk drive, an opticalstorage device, a modem, a network card, and/or other input/outputdevice. I/O device 13 can be interfaced with processor 11 via an I/Oport 15, for example. I/O device 13 can also be controlled by I/Ocontrol 22 in some implementations. I/O control 22 may control one ormore I/O devices such as Human-machine Interface 23 (i.e. keyboard,pointing device, touchscreen, joystick, mouse, optical pen, etc.). I/Ocontrol 22 enables any type or form of a device such as, for example, avideo camera or microphone to be interfaced with other components ofComputing Device 70. Furthermore, I/O device 13 may also provide storagesuch as or similar to storage 27, and/or alternative memory such as orsimilar to alternative memory 16 in some implementations.

An output interface such as a graphical user interface, an acousticoutput interface, a tactile output interface, any device driver (i.e.audio, video, or other driver), and/or other output interface or systemcan be utilized to process output from elements of Computing Device 70for conveyance on an output device such as Display 21. In some aspects,Display 21 or other output device itself may include an output interfacefor processing output from elements of Computing Device 70. Further, aninput interface such as a keyboard listener, a touchscreen listener, amouse listener, any device driver (i.e. audio, video, keyboard, mouse,touchscreen, or other driver), a speech recognizer, a video interpreter,and/or other input interface or system can be utilized to process inputfrom Human-machine Interface 23 or other input device for use byelements of Computing Device 70. In some aspects, Human-machineInterface 23 or other input device itself may include an input interfacefor processing input for use by elements of Computing Device 70.

Computing Device 70 may include or be connected to multiple displaydevices 21. Display devices 21 can each be of the same or different typeor form. Computing Device 70 and/or its elements comprise any type orform of suitable hardware, programs, or a combination thereof tosupport, enable, or provide for the connection and use of multipledisplay devices 21. In one example, Computing Device 70 includes anytype or form of video adapter, video card, driver, and/or library tointerface, communicate, connect, or otherwise use display devices 21. Insome aspects, a video adapter may include multiple connectors tointerface to multiple display devices 21. In other aspects, ComputingDevice 70 includes multiple video adapters, with each video adapterconnected to one or more display devices 21. In some embodiments,Computing Device's 70 operating system can be configured for usingmultiple displays 21. In other embodiments, one or more display devices21 can be provided by one or more other computing devices such as remotecomputing devices connected to Computing Device 70 via a network.

In some embodiments, I/O device 13 can be a bridge between system bus 5and an external communication bus, such as a USB bus, an Apple DesktopBus, an RS-232 serial connection, a SCSI bus, a FireWire bus, a FireWire800 bus, an Ethernet bus, an AppleTalk bus, a Gigabit Ethernet bus, anAsynchronous Transfer Mode bus, a HIPPI bus, a Super HIPPI bus, aSerialPlus bus, a SCl/LAMP bus, a FibreChannel bus, a Serial Attachedsmall computer system interface bus, and/or other bus.

Computing Device 70 can operate under the control of operating system17, which may support Computing Device's 70 basic functions, interfacewith and manage hardware resources, interface with and manageperipherals, provide common services for application programs, scheduletasks, and/or perform other functionalities. A modern operating systemenables features and functionalities such as a high resolution display,graphical user interface (GUI), touchscreen, cellular networkconnectivity (i.e. mobile operating system, etc.), Bluetoothconnectivity, WiFi connectivity, global positioning system (GPS)capabilities, mobile navigation, microphone, speaker, still picturecamera, video camera, voice recorder, speech recognition, music player,video player, near field communication, personal digital assistant(PDA), and/or other features, functionalities, or applications. Forexample, Computing Device 70 can use any conventional operating system,any embedded operating system, any real-time operating system, any opensource operating system, any video gaming operating system, anyproprietary operating system, any online operating system, any operatingsystem for mobile computing devices, or any other operating systemcapable of running on Computing Device 70 and performing operationsdescribed herein. Example of operating systems include Windows XP,Windows 7, Windows 8, etc. manufactured by Microsoft Corporation ofRedmond, Wash.; Mac OS, iPhone OS, etc. manufactured by Apple Computerof Cupertino, Calif.; OS/2 manufactured by International BusinessMachines of Armonk, N.Y.; Linux, a freely-available operating systemdistributed by Caldera Corp. of Salt Lake City, Utah; or any type orform of a Unix operating system, among others. Any operating systemssuch as the ones for Android devices can similarly be utilized.

Computing Device 70 can be implemented as or be part of variousdifferent model architectures such as web services, distributedcomputing, grid computing, cloud computing, and/or other architectures.For example, in addition to the traditional desktop, server, or mobileoperating system architectures, a cloud-based operating system can beutilized to provide the structure on which embodiments of the disclosurecan be implemented. Other aspects of Computing Device 70 can also beimplemented in the cloud without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe disclosure. For example, memory, storage, processing, and/or otherelements can be hosted in the cloud. In some embodiments, ComputingDevice 70 can be implemented on multiple devices. For example, a portionof Computing Device 70 can be implemented on a mobile device and anotherportion can be implemented on wearable electronics.

Computing Device 70 can be or include any mobile device, a mobile phone,a smartphone (i.e. iPhone, Windows phone, Blackberry, Android phone,etc.), a tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), wearableelectronics, implantable electronics, or another mobile device capableof implementing the functionalities described herein. In otherembodiments, Computing Device 70 can be or include an embedded device,which can be any device or system with a dedicated function withinanother device or system. Embedded systems range from the simplest onesdedicated to one task with no user interface to complex ones withadvanced user interface that may resemble modern desktop computersystems. Examples of devices comprising an embedded device include amobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a gaming device, amedia player, a digital still or video camera, a pager, a televisiondevice, a set-top box, a personal navigation device, a globalpositioning system (GPS) receiver, a portable storage device (i.e. a USBflash drive, etc.), a digital watch, a DVD player, a printer, amicrowave oven, a washing machine, a dishwasher, a gateway, a router, ahub, an automobile entertainment system, an automobile navigationsystem, a refrigerator, a washing machine, a factory automation device,an assembly line device, a factory floor monitoring device, athermostat, an automobile, a factory controller, a telephone, a networkbridge, and/or other devices. An embedded device can operate under thecontrol of an operating system for embedded devices such asMicroC/OS-II, QNX, VxWorks, eCos, TinyOS, Windows Embedded, EmbeddedLinux, and/or other embedded device operating systems.

Various implementations of the disclosed devices, systems, and methodscan be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry,logic gates, specially designed application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), computer hardware,firmware, programs, virtual machines, and/or combinations thereofincluding their structural, logical, and/or physical equivalents.

The disclosed devices, systems, and methods may include clients andservers. A client and server are generally remote from each other andtypically interact via a network. The relationship of a client andserver may arise by virtue of computer programs running on theirrespective computers and having a client-server relationship to eachother.

The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be implemented in acomputing system that includes a back end component, a middlewarecomponent, a front end component, or any combination thereof. Thecomponents of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium ofdigital data communication such as, for example, a network.

Computing Device 70 may include or be interfaced with a computer programproduct comprising instructions or logic encoded on a computer-readablemedium. Such instructions or logic, when executed, may configure orcause a processor to perform the operations and/or functionalitiesdisclosed herein. For example, a computer program can be provided orencoded on a computer-readable medium such as an optical medium (i.e.DVD-ROM, etc.), flash drive, hard drive, any memory, firmware, or othermedium. Computer program can be installed onto a computing device tocause the computing device to perform the operations and/orfunctionalities disclosed herein. Machine-readable medium,computer-readable medium, or other such terms may refer to any computerprogram product, apparatus, and/or device for providing instructionsand/or data to a programmable processor. As such, machine-readablemedium includes any medium that can send or receive machine instructionsas a machine-readable signal. Examples of a machine-readable mediuminclude a volatile and/or non-volatile medium, a removable and/ornon-removable medium, a communication medium, a storage medium, and/orother medium. A communication medium, for example, can transmit computerreadable instructions and/or data in a modulated data signal such as acarrier wave or other transport technique, and may include any otherform of information delivery medium known in art. A non-transitorymachine-readable medium comprises all machine-readable media except fora transitory, propagating signal.

In some embodiments, the disclosed artificially intelligent devices,systems, and methods for learning and/or using visual surrounding forautonomous object operation, or elements thereof, can be implementedentirely or in part in a device (i.e. microchip, circuitry, logic gates,electronic device, computing device, special or general purposeprocessor, etc.) or system that comprises (i.e. hard coded, internallystored, etc.) or is provided with (i.e. externally stored, etc.)instructions for implementing VSAOO functionalities. As such, thedisclosed artificially intelligent devices, systems, and methods forlearning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation, or elements thereof, may include the processing, memory,storage, and/or other features, functionalities, and embodiments ofComputing Device 70 or elements thereof. Such device or system canoperate on its own (i.e. standalone device or system, etc.), be embeddedin another device or system (i.e. a television device, an oven, arefrigerator, a vehicle, an industrial machine, a robot, a smartphone,and/or any other device or system capable of housing the elements neededfor VSAOO functionalities), work in combination with other devices orsystems, or be available in any other configuration. In otherembodiments, the disclosed artificially intelligent devices, systems,and methods for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomousobject operation, or elements thereof, may include Alternative Memory 16that provides instructions for implementing VSAOO functionalities to oneor more Processors 11. In further embodiments, the disclosedartificially intelligent devices, systems, and methods for learningand/or using visual surrounding for autonomous object operation, orelements thereof, can be implemented entirely or in part as a computerprogram and executed by one or more Processors 11. Such program can beimplemented in one or more modules or units of a single or multiplecomputer programs. Such program may be able to attach to or interfacewith, inspect, and/or take control of another application program toimplement VSAOO functionalities. In further embodiments, the disclosedartificially intelligent devices, systems, and methods for learningand/or using visual surrounding for autonomous object operation, orelements thereof, can be implemented as a network, web, distributed,cloud, or other such application accessed on one or more remotecomputing devices (i.e. servers, cloud, etc.) via Network Interface 25,such remote computing devices including processing capabilities andinstructions for implementing VSAOO functionalities. In furtherembodiments, the disclosed artificially intelligent devices, systems,and methods for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomousobject operation, or elements thereof, can be (1) attached to orinterfaced with any computing device or application program, (2)included as a feature of an operating system, (3) built (i.e. hardcoded, etc.) into any computing device or application program, and/or(4) available in any other configuration to provide its functionalities.

In yet other embodiments, the disclosed artificially intelligentdevices, systems, and methods for learning and/or using visualsurrounding for autonomous object operation, or elements thereof, can beimplemented at least in part in a computer program such as Javaapplication or program. Java provides a robust and flexible environmentfor application programs including flexible user interfaces, robustsecurity, built-in network protocols, powerful application programminginterfaces, database or DBMS connectivity and interfacingfunctionalities, file manipulation capabilities, support for networkedapplications, and/or other features or functionalities. Applicationprograms based on Java can be portable across many devices, yet leverageeach device's native capabilities. Java supports the feature sets ofmost smartphones and a broad range of connected devices while stillfitting within their resource constraints. Various Java platformsinclude virtual machine features comprising a runtime environment forapplication programs. Java platforms provide a wide range of user-levelfunctionalities that can be implemented in application programs such asdisplaying text and graphics, playing and recording audio content,displaying and recording visual content, communicating with anothercomputing device, and/or other functionalities. It should be understoodthat the disclosed artificially intelligent devices, systems, andmethods for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomousobject operation, or elements thereof, are programming language,platform, and operating system independent. Examples of programminglanguages that can be used instead of or in addition to Java include C,C++, Cobol, Python, Java Script, Tcl, Visual Basic, Pascal, VB Script,Perl, PHP, Ruby, and/or other programming languages capable ofimplementing the functionalities described herein.

Where a reference to a specific file or file type is used herein, otherfiles, file types, or formats can be substituted.

Where a reference to a data structure is used herein, it should beunderstood that any variety of data structures can be used such as, forexample, array, list, linked list, doubly linked list, queue, tree,heap, graph, map, grid, matrix, multi-dimensional matrix, table,database, database management system (DBMS), file, neural network,and/or any other type or form of a data structure including a customone. A data structure may include one or more fields or data fields thatare part of or associated with the data structure. A field or data fieldmay include a data, an object, a data structure, and/or any otherelement or a reference/pointer thereto. A data structure can be storedin one or more memories, files, or other repositories. A data structureand/or any elements thereof, when stored in a memory, file, or otherrepository, may be stored in a different arrangement than thearrangement of the data structure and/or any elements thereof. Forexample, a sequence of elements can be stored in an arrangement otherthan a sequence in a memory, file, or other repository.

Where a reference to a repository is used herein, it should beunderstood that a repository may be or include one or more files or filesystems, one or more storage locations or structures, one or morestorage systems, one or more data structures or objects, one or morememory locations or structures, and/or other storage, memory, or dataarrangements.

Where a reference to an interface is used herein, it should beunderstood that the interface comprises any hardware, device, system,program, method, and/or combination thereof that enable direct oroperative coupling, connection, and/or interaction of the elementsbetween which the interface is indicated. A line or arrow shown in thefigures between any of the depicted elements comprises such interface.Examples of an interface include a direct connection, an operativeconnection, a wired connection (i.e. wire, cable, etc.), a wirelessconnection, a device, a network, a bus, a circuit, a firmware, a driver,a bridge, a program, a combination thereof, and/or others.

Where a reference to an element coupled or connected to another elementis used herein, it should be understood that the element may be incommunication or any other interactive relationship with the otherelement. Furthermore, an element coupled or connected to another elementcan be coupled or connected to any other element in alternateimplementations. Terms coupled, connected, interfaced, or other suchterms may be used interchangeably herein depending on context.

Where a reference to an element matching another element is used herein,it should be understood that the element may be equivalent or similar tothe other element. Therefore, the term match or matching can refer tototal equivalence or similarity depending on context.

Where a reference to a device is used herein, it should be understoodthat the device may include or be referred to as a system, and viceversa depending on context, since a device may include a system ofelements and a system may be embodied in a device.

Where a reference to a processor or processor circuit is used herein, itshould be understood that one or more processors or processor circuitscan be utilized instead. For example, one or more parallel processors orprocessor circuits can be utilized. Any other arrangement or pluralityof processors or processor circuits can be utilized.

Where a mention of a function, method, routine, subroutine, or othersuch procedure is used herein, it should be understood that thefunction, method, routine, subroutine, or other such procedure comprisesa call, reference, or pointer to the function, method, routine,subroutine, or other such procedure.

Where a mention of data, object, data structure, item, element, or thingis used herein, it should be understood that the data, object, datastructure, item, element, or thing comprises a reference or pointer tothe data, object, data structure, item, element, or thing.

The term collection of elements can refer to plurality of elementswithout implying that the collection is an element itself.

Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of Computing Device 70 comprisingUnit for Learning and/or Using Visual Surrounding for Autonomous ObjectOperation (VSAOO Unit 100) is illustrated. Computing Device 70 alsocomprises interconnected Processor 11, Human-machine Interface 23,Memory 12, and Storage 27. Processor 11 may include or executeApplication Program 18 and Renderer 91. Application Program 18 mayinclude Object 180. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises interconnected ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110, Acquisition Interface 120, and ModificationInterface 130. Other additional elements can be included as needed, orsome of the disclosed ones can be excluded, or a combination thereof canbe utilized in alternate embodiments.

In one example, the teaching presented by the disclosure can beimplemented in a device or system for learning and/or using visualsurrounding for autonomous object operation. The device or system mayinclude a processor circuit (i.e. Processor 11, etc.) configured toexecute instruction sets (i.e. Instruction Sets 526, etc.) of anapplication (i.e. Application Program 18, etc.), the applicationincluding an object (i.e. Object 180, etc.). The device or system mayfurther include a memory unit (i.e. Memory 12, etc.) configured to storedata. The device or system may further include a renderer (i.e. Renderer91, etc.) configured to render digital pictures (i.e. Digital Pictures525, etc.) of a surrounding of the object of the application. The deviceor system may further include an artificial intelligence unit (i.e.Artificial Intelligence Unit 110, etc.). The artificial intelligenceunit may be configured to receive a first digital picture from therenderer. The artificial intelligence unit may also be configured toreceive one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. The artificial intelligence unit may also be configured tolearn the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application. Theartificial intelligence unit may also be configured to receive a newdigital picture from the renderer. The artificial intelligence unit mayalso be configured to anticipate the one or more instruction sets foroperating the object of the application correlated with the firstdigital picture based on at least a partial match between the newdigital picture and the first digital picture. The artificialintelligence unit may also be configured to cause the processor circuitto execute the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe application correlated with the first digital picture, the executingperformed in response to the anticipating of the artificial intelligenceunit, wherein the object of the application performs one or moreoperations defined by the one or more instruction sets for operating theobject of the application correlated with the first digital picture, theone or more operations performed in response to the executing by theprocessor circuit. Any of the operations of the described elements canbe performed repeatedly and/or in different orders in alternateimplementations. In some embodiments, a stream of digital pictures canbe used instead of or in addition to any digital picture such as, forexample, using a first stream of digital pictures instead of the firstdigital picture. In other embodiments, the renderer may be configured torender digital pictures of views of the application instead of or inaddition to views of a visual surrounding of the object of theapplication. Also, the artificial intelligence unit may be configured toreceive one or more instruction sets for operating the application(including one or more objects therein, etc.) instead of or in additionto the one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. In such embodiments, the system may learn operation of theapplication (including one or more objects therein, etc.) related theviews of the application. Other additional elements can be included asneeded, or some of the disclosed ones can be excluded, or a combinationthereof can be utilized in alternate embodiments. The device or systemfor learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation may include any actions or operations of any of the disclosedmethods such as methods 6100, 6200, 6300, 6400, 6500, and/or 6600 (alllater described).

User 50 (also referred to simply as user or other similar name orreference) comprises a human user or non-human user. A non-human User 50includes any device, system, program, and/or other mechanism foroperating or controlling Application Program 18, Object 180 (laterdescribed), Computing Device 70, and/or elements thereof. For example,User 50 may issue an operating direction to Application Program 18responsive to which Application Program's 18 instructions or instructionsets may be executed by Processor 11 to perform a desired operationwith/on Object 180. User's 50 operating directions comprise any userinputted data (i.e. values, text, symbols, etc.), directions (i.e. moveright, move up, move forward, copy an item, click on a link, etc.),instructions or instruction sets (i.e. manually inputted instructions orinstruction sets, etc.), and/or other inputs or information. A non-humanUser 50 can utilize more suitable interfaces instead of, or in additionto, Human-machine Interface 23 and/or Display 21 for controllingApplication Program 18, Object 180, Computing Device 70, and/or elementsthereof. Examples of such interfaces include an application programminginterface (API), bridge (i.e. bridge between applications, devices, orsystems, etc.), driver, socket, direct or operative connection, handle,function/routine/subroutine, and/or other interfaces.

Object 180 comprises an object of Application Program 18. In someaspects, Object 180 includes an avatar. In other aspects, Object 180includes a user-controllable object. In further aspects, Object 180includes an object controlled by a system, program, and/or othermechanism for controlling or operating an object. As Application Program18 may include any Application Program 18 such as a computer game, avirtual world, a web browser, a media application, a word processingapplication, a spreadsheet application, a database application, a GPSapplication, a forms-based application, a 2D application, a 3Dapplication, an operating system, a factory automation application, adevice control application, a vehicle control application, and/orothers, various Objects 180 can be utilized in such Application Programs18 examples of which include a text (i.e. character, word, sentence,etc.), a number, a picture, a form element (i.e. text field, radiobutton, push button, check box, etc.), a graphical user interface (GUI)element, a 2D shape (i.e. point, line, square, rectangle, circle,triangle, etc.), a 3D shape (i.e. cube, sphere, etc.), a 2D model, a 3Dmodel, a data or database element, a spreadsheet element, a link, and/orothers as applicable. In general, Object 180 comprises any object ofApplication Program 18. Object 180 may perform one or more operationswithin Application Program 18. In one example, an avatar Object 180 mayperform operations including moving, maneuvering, jumping, running,shooting, and/or other operations within a game or virtual worldApplication Program 18. In another example, a character Object 180 mayperform operations including appearing (i.e. when typed, etc.),disappearing (i.e. when deleted, etc.), formatting (i.e. bolding,italicizing, underlining, color changing, resizing, etc.), and/or otheroperations within a word processing Application Program 18. In anotherexample, a picture Object 180 may perform operations including resizing,color adjusting, contrast adjusting, content manipulation, and/or otheroperations within a picture editing Application Program 18. While allpossible variations of operations on/by/with Object 180 are toovoluminous to list and limited only by Object's 180 and/or ApplicationProgram's 18 design, and/or user's utilization, any other operationson/by/with Object 180 can be implemented.

Renderer 91 comprises the functionality for rendering or generating oneor more Digital Pictures 525, and/or other functionalities. Renderer 91comprises the functionality for rendering or generating one or moreDigital Pictures 525 of Application Program 18. In some aspects, as acamera is used to capture digital pictures depicting a physicalenvironment, Renderer 91 can be used to render or generate DigitalPictures 525 depicting a computer modeled or represented environment. Assuch, Renderer 91 can be used to render or generate views of ApplicationProgram 18. In some designs, Renderer 91 can be used to render orgenerate one or more Digital Pictures 525 depicting a view of anObject's 180 visual surrounding in a 3D Application Program 18 (i.e. 3Dcomputer game, virtual world application, CAD application, etc.). In oneexample, a view may include a first-person view or perspective such as aview through an avatar's eyes that shows objects around the avatar, butdoes not typically show the avatar itself. First-person view maysometimes include the avatar's hands, feet, other body parts, and/orobjects that the avatar is holding. In another example, a view mayinclude a third-person view or perspective such as a view that shows anavatar as well as objects around the avatar from an observer's point ofview. In a further example, a view may include a view from a front of anavatar. In a further example, a view may include a view from a side ofan avatar. In a further example, a view may include any stationary ormovable view such as a view through a simulated camera in a 3DApplication Program 18. In other designs, Renderer 91 can be used torender or generate one or more Digital Pictures 525 depicting a view ofa 2D Application Program 18. In one example, a view may include ascreenshot or portion thereof of a 2D Application Program 18. In afurther example, a view may include an area of interest of a 2DApplication Program 18. In a further example, a view may include atop-down view of a 2D Application Program 18. In a further example, aview may include a side-on view of a 2D Application Program 18. Anyother view can be utilized in alternate designs. Any view utilized in a3D Application Program 18 can similarly be utilized in a 2D ApplicationProgram 18 as applicable, and vice versa. In some implementations,Renderer 91 may include any graphics processing device, apparatus,system, or application that may render or generate one or more DigitalPictures 525 from a computer (i.e. 3D, 2D, etc.) model orrepresentation. In some aspects, rendering, when used casually, mayrefer to rendering or generating one or more Digital Pictures 525 from acomputer model or representation, providing the one or more DigitalPictures 525 to a display device, and/or displaying of the one or moreDigital Pictures 525 on a display device. In some embodiments, Renderer91 can be a program executing or operating on Processor 11. In oneexample, Renderer 91 can be provided in a rendering engine such asDirect3D, OpenGL, Mantle, and/or other programs or systems for renderingor processing 3D or 2D graphics. In other embodiments, Renderer 91 canbe part of, embedded into, or built into Processor 11. In furtherembodiments, Renderer 91 can be a hardware element coupled to Processor11 and/or other elements. In further embodiments, Renderer 91 can be aprogram or hardware element that is part of or embedded into anotherelement. In one example, a graphics card and/or its graphics processingunit (i.e. GPU, etc.) may typically include Renderer 91. In anotherexample, VSAOO Unit 100 may include Renderer 91. In a further example,Application Program 18 may include Renderer 91. In general, Renderer 91can be implemented in any suitable configuration to provide itsfunctionalities. Renderer 91 may render or generate one or more DigitalPictures 525 or streams of Digital Pictures 525 (i.e. motion pictures,video, etc.) in various formats examples of which include JPEG, GIF,TIFF, PNG, PDF, MPEG, AVI, FLV, MOV, RM, SWF, WMV, DivX, and/or others.In some designs, Renderer 91 can render or generate different DigitalPictures 525 of Object's 180 visual surrounding or of views ofApplication Program 18 for displaying on Display 21 and for facilitatinglearning functionalities herein. For example, a third-person view may bedisplayed on Display 21 for User 50 to see and a first-person view maybe used to facilitate learning functionalities herein. In someimplementations of non-graphical Application Programs 18 such assimulations, calculations, and/or others, Renderer 91 may render orgenerate one or more Digital Pictures 525 of Object's 180 visualsurrounding or of views of Application Program 18 to facilitate learningfunctionalities herein where the one or more Digital Pictures 525 arenever displayed. In some aspects, instead of or in addition to Renderer91, one or more Digital Pictures 525 of Object's 180 visual surroundingor of views of Application Program 18 can be obtained from any elementof a computing device or system that can provide Digital Pictures 525 ofObject's 180 visual surrounding or of views of Application Program 18.Examples of such elements include a graphics circuit, a graphics system,a graphics driver, a graphics interface, and/or others.

VSAOO Unit 100 comprises any hardware, programs, or a combinationthereof. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises the functionality for learning theoperation of Object 180 in various visual surroundings. VSAOO Unit 100comprises the functionality for structuring and/or storing thisknowledge in a knowledgebase (i.e. neural network, graph, sequences,other repository, etc.). VSAOO Unit 100 comprises the functionality forenabling autonomous operation of Object 180 in various visualsurroundings. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises the functionality for interfacingwith or attaching to Application Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11,and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises thefunctionality for obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation used, implemented, and/or executed by Application Program18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or other processing element. VSAOOUnit 100 comprises the functionality for modifying instruction sets,data, and/or other information used, implemented, and/or executed byApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises the functionality forlearning and/or implementing User's 50 knowledge, methodology, or styleof operating Object 180 in various visual surroundings. VSAOO Unit 100comprises learning, anticipating, decision making, automation, and/orother functionalities disclosed herein. Statistical, artificialintelligence, machine learning, and/or other models or techniques areutilized to implement the disclosed devices, systems, and methods.

When the disclosed VSAOO Unit 100 functionalities are applied onApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element, Object 180 may become autonomous. VSAOO Unit 100 maytake control from, share control with, and/or release control toApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element to implement autonomous operation of Object 180.VSAOO Unit 100 may take control from, share control with, and/or releasecontrol to Application Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/orother processing element automatically or after prompting User 50 toallow it. In some aspects, Application Program 18, Object 180, Processor11, and/or other processing element may include or be provided withanticipatory instructions or instruction sets that User 50 did not issueor cause to be executed. Such anticipatory instructions or instructionsets include instruction sets that User 50 may want or is likely toissue or cause to be executed. Anticipatory instructions or instructionsets can be generated by VSAOO Unit 100 or elements thereof based on thevisual surrounding of Object 180. As such, Application Program 18,Object 180, Processor 11, and/or other processing element may include orbe provided with some or all original instructions or instruction setsand/or any anticipatory instructions or instruction sets generated byVSAOO Unit 100. Therefore, autonomous Object 180 operating may includeexecuting some or all original instructions or instruction sets and/orany anticipatory instructions or instruction sets generated by VSAOOUnit 100. In one example, VSAOO Unit 100 can overwrite or rewrite theoriginal instructions or instruction sets of Application Program 18,Object 180, Processor 11, and/or other processing element with VSAOOUnit 100-generated instructions or instruction sets. In another example,VSAOO Unit 100 can insert or embed VSAOO Unit 100-generated instructionsor instruction sets among the original instructions or instruction setsof Application Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element. In a further example, VSAOO Unit 100 can branch,redirect, or jump to VSAOO Unit 100-generated instructions orinstruction sets from the original instructions or instruction sets ofApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element.

In some embodiments, autonomous Object 180 operating comprisesdetermining, by VSAOO Unit 100, a next instruction or instruction set tobe executed based on Object's 180 visual surrounding prior to the userissuing or causing to be executed the next instruction or instructionset. In yet other embodiments, autonomous Object 180 operating comprisesdetermining, by VSAOO Unit 100, a next instruction or instruction set tobe executed based on Object's 180 visual surrounding prior to the systemreceiving the next instruction or instruction set.

In some embodiments, autonomous Object 180 operating includes apartially or fully autonomous operating. In an example involvingpartially autonomous Object 180 operating, a user confirms VSAOO Unit100-generated instructions or instruction sets prior to their execution.In an example involving fully autonomous application operating, VSAOOUnit 100-generated instructions or instruction sets are executed withoutuser or other system confirmation (i.e. automatically, etc.).

In some embodiments, a combination of VSAOO Unit 100 and other systemsand/or techniques can be utilized to implement Object's 180 operation.In one example, VSAOO Unit 100 may be a primary or preferred system forimplementing Object's 180 operation. While operating autonomously underthe control of VSAOO Unit 100, Object 180 may encounter a visualsurrounding that has not been encountered or learned before. In suchsituations, User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system may take control of Object's180 operation. VSAOO Unit 100 may take control again when Object 180encounters a previously learned visual surrounding. Naturally, VSAOOUnit 100 can learn Object's 180 operation in visual surroundings whileUser 50 and/or non-VSAOO system is in control of Object 180, therebyreducing or eliminating the need for future involvement of User 50and/or non-VSAOO system. In another example, User 50 and/or non-VSAOOsystem may be a primary or preferred system for control of Object's 180operation. While operating under the control of User 50 and/or non-VSAOOsystem, User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system may release control to VSAOOUnit 100 for any reason (i.e. User 50 gets tired or distracted,non-VSAOO system gets stuck or cannot make a decision, etc.), at whichpoint Object 180 can be controlled by VSAOO Unit 100. In some designs,VSAOO Unit 100 may take control in certain special visual surroundingswhere VSAOO Unit 100 may offer superior performance even though User 50and/or non-VSAOO system may generally be preferred. Once Object 180leaves such special visual surrounding, VSAOO Unit 100 may releasecontrol to User 50 and/or a non-VSAOO system. In general, VSAOO Unit 100can take control from, share control with, or release control to User50, non-VSAOO system, and/or other system or process at any time, underany circumstances, and remain in control for any period of time asneeded.

In some embodiments, VSAOO Unit 100 may control one or more sub-elementsof Object 180 while User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system may control otherone or more sub-elements of Object 180.

It should be understood that a reference to autonomous operating ofObject 180 may include autonomous operating of Application Program 18,Processor 11, Computing Device 70, and/or other processing elementdepending on context.

Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionality for obtaining orreceiving instruction sets, data, and/or other information. AcquisitionInterface 120 comprises the functionality for obtaining or receivinginstruction sets, data, and/or other information from ApplicationProgram 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or other processing element.Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionality for obtaining orreceiving instruction sets, data, and/or other information at runtime.In some aspects, an instruction set may include any computer command,instruction, signal, or input used in Application Program 18, Object180, Processor 11, and/or other processing element. Therefore, the termsinstruction set, command, instruction, signal, input, or other suchterms may be used interchangeably herein depending on context.Acquisition Interface 120 also comprises the functionality for attachingto or interfacing with Application Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11,and/or other processing element. In one example, Acquisition Interface120 comprises the functionality to access and/or read runtimeengine/environment, virtual machine, operating system, compiler,just-in-time (JIT) compiler, interpreter, translator, execution stack,file, object, data structure, and/or other computing system elements. Inanother example, Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionalityto access and/or read memory, storage, bus, interfaces, and/or othercomputing system elements. In a further example, Acquisition Interface120 comprises the functionality to access and/or read Processor 11registers and/or other Processor 11 elements. In a further example,Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionality to access and/orread inputs and/or outputs of Application Program 18, Object 180,Processor 11, and/or other processing element. In a further example,Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionality to access and/orread functions, methods, procedures, routines, subroutines, and/or otherelements of Application Program 18 and/or Object 180. In a furtherexample, Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionality to accessand/or read source code, bytecode, compiled, interpreted, or otherwisetranslated code, machine code, and/or other code. In a further example,Acquisition Interface 120 comprises the functionality to access and/orread values, variables, parameters, and/or other data or information.Acquisition Interface 120 also comprises the functionality fortransmitting the obtained instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation to Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 and/or other element. Assuch, Acquisition Interface 120 provides input into ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110 for knowledge structuring, anticipating, decisionmaking, and/or other functionalities later in the process. AcquisitionInterface 120 also comprises other disclosed functionalities.

Acquisition Interface 120 can employ various techniques for obtaininginstruction sets, data, and/or other information. In one example,Acquisition Interface 120 can attach to and/or obtain ApplicationProgram's 18, Object's 180, Processor's 11, and/or other processingelement's instruction sets, data, and/or other information throughtracing or profiling techniques. Tracing or profiling may be used foroutputting Application Program's 18, Object's 180, Processor's 11,and/or other processing element's instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation at runtime. For instance, tracing or profiling may includeadding trace code (i.e. instrumentation, etc.) to an application and/oroutputting trace information to a specific target. The outputted traceinformation (i.e. instruction sets, data, and/or other information,etc.) can then be provided to or recorded into a file, data structure,repository, an application, and/or other system or target that mayreceive such trace information. As such, Acquisition Interface 120 canutilize tracing or profiling to obtain instruction sets, data, and/orother information and provide them as input into Artificial IntelligenceUnit 110. In some aspects, instrumentation can be performed in sourcecode, bytecode, compiled, interpreted, or otherwise translated code,machine code, and/or other code. In other aspects, instrumentation canbe performed in various elements of a computing system such as memory,virtual machine, runtime engine/environment, operating system, compiler,interpreter, translator, processor registers, execution stack, programcounter, and/or other elements. In yet other aspects, instrumentationcan be performed in various abstraction layers of a computing systemsuch as in software layer (i.e. Application Program 18, Object 180,etc.), in virtual machine (if VM is used), in operating system, inProcessor 11, and/or in other layers or areas that may exist in aparticular computing system implementation. In yet other aspects,instrumentation can be performed at various time periods in anapplication's execution such as source code write time, compile time,interpretation time, translation time, linking time, loading time,runtime, and/or other time periods. In yet other aspects,instrumentation can be performed at various granularities or codesegments such as some or all lines of code, some or all statements, someor all instructions or instruction sets, some or all basic blocks, someor all functions/routines/subroutines, and/or some or all other codesegments.

In some embodiments, Application Program 18 can be automaticallyinstrumented. In one example, Acquisition Interface 120 can accessApplication Program's 18 source code, bytecode, or machine code andselect instrumentation points of interest. Selecting instrumentationpoints may include finding locations in the source code, bytecode, ormachine code corresponding to function calls, function entries, functionexits, object creations, object destructions, event handler calls, newlines (i.e. to instrument all lines of code, etc.), thread creations,throws, and/or other points of interest. Instrumentation code can thenbe inserted at the instrumentation points of interest to outputApplication Program's 18 instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation. In response to executing instrumentation code, ApplicationProgram's 18 instruction sets, data, and/or other information may bereceived by Acquisition Interface 120. In some aspects, ApplicationProgram's 18 source code, bytecode, or machine code can be dynamicallyinstrumented. For example, instrumentation code can be dynamicallyinserted into Application Program 18 at runtime.

In other embodiments, Application Program 18 can be manuallyinstrumented. In one example, a programmer can instrument an object'sfunction call by placing an instrumenting instruction immediately afterthe function call as in the following example.

-   -   Object1.moveLeft(51);    -   traceApplication(‘Object1.moveLeft(51);’);

In another example, an instrumenting instruction can be placedimmediately before the function call, or at the beginning, end, oranywhere within the function itself. A programmer may instrument allfunction calls or only function calls of interest. In a further example,a programmer can instrument all lines of code or only code lines ofinterest. In a further example, a programmer can instrument otherelements utilized or implemented within Application Program 18 such asobjects and/or any of their functions, data structures and/or any oftheir functions, event handlers and/or any of their functions, threadsand/or any of their functions, and/or other elements or functions.Similar instrumentation as in the preceding examples can be performedautomatically or dynamically. In some designs where manual codeinstrumentation is utilized, Acquisition Interface 120 can optionally beomitted and Application Program's 18 instruction sets, data, and/orother information may be transmitted directly to Artificial IntelligenceUnit 110. Instrumentation and/or other techniques described with respectto Application Program 18 similarly apply to Object 180.

In some embodiments, VSAOO Unit 100 can be selective in learninginstruction sets, data, and/or other information to those implemented,utilized, or related to an object, data structure, repository, thread,function, and/or other element of Application Program 18. In someaspects, Acquisition Interface 120 can obtain Application Program's 18instruction sets, data, and/or other information implemented, utilized,or related to a certain object in an object oriented Application Program18.

In some embodiments, various computing systems and/or platforms mayprovide native tools for obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation. Also, independent vendors may provide portable tools withsimilar functionalities that can be utilized across different computingsystems and/or platforms. These native and portable tools may provide awide range of functionalities to obtain runtime and other informationsuch as instrumentation, tracing or profiling, logging application orsystem messages, outputting custom text messages, outputting objects ordata structures, outputting functions/routines/subroutines or theirinvocations, outputting variable or parameter values, outputting threador process behaviors, outputting call or other stacks, outputtingprocessor registers, providing runtime memory access, providing inputsand/or outputs, performing live application monitoring, and/or othercapabilities. One of ordinary skill in art will understand that, whileall possible variations of the techniques to obtain instruction sets,data, and/or other information are too voluminous to describe, thesetechniques are within the scope of this disclosure.

In one example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through the .NET platform's native toolsfor application tracing or profiling such as System.Diagnostics.Trace,System.Diagnostics.Debug, and System.Diagnostics.TraceSource classes fortracing execution flow, and System. Diagnostics. Process,System.Diagnostics.EventLog, and System. Diagnostics. PerformanceCounterclasses for profiling code, accessing local and remote processes,starting and stopping system processes, and interacting with Windowsevent logs, etc. For instance, a set of trace switches can be createdthat output an application's information. The switches can be configuredusing the .config file. For a Web application, this may typically beWeb.config file associated with the project. In a Windows application,this file may typically be named applicationName.exe.config. Trace codecan be added to application code automatically or manually as previouslydescribed. Appropriate listener can be created where the trace output isreceived. Trace code may output trace messages to a specific target suchas a file, a log, a database, an object, a data structure, and/or otherrepository or system. Acquisition Interface 120 or ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110 can then read or obtain the trace information fromthese targets. In some aspects, trace code may output trace messagesdirectly to Acquisition Interface 120. In other aspects, trace code mayoutput trace messages directly to Artificial Intelligence Unit 110. Inthe case of outputting trace messages to Acquisition Interface 120 ordirectly to Artificial Intelligence Unit 110, custom listeners can bebuilt to accommodate these specific targets. Other platforms, tools,and/or techniques can provide equivalent or similar functionalities asthe above described ones.

In another example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through the .NET platform's Profiling APIthat can be used to create a custom profiler application for tracing,monitoring, interfacing with, and/or managing a profiled application.The Profiling API provides an interface that includes methods to notifythe profiler of events in the profiled application. The Profiling APImay also provide an interface to enable the profiler to call back intothe profiled application to obtain information about the state of theprofiled application. The Profiling API may further provide call stackprofiling functionalities. Call stack (also referred to as executionstack, control stack, runtime stack, machine stack, the stack, etc.)includes a data structure that can store information about activesubroutines of an application. The Profiling API may provide a stacksnapshot method, which enables a trace of the stack at a particularpoint in time. The Profiling API may also provide a shadow stack method,which tracks the call stack at every instant. A shadow stack can obtainfunction arguments, return values, and information about genericinstantiations. A function such as FunctionEnter can be utilized tonotify the profiler that control is being passed to a function and canprovide information about the stack frame and function arguments. Afunction such as FunctionLeave can be utilized to notify the profilerthat a function is about to return to the caller and can provideinformation about the stack frame and function return value. Analternative to call stack profiling includes call stack sampling inwhich the profiler can periodically examine the stack. In some aspects,the Profiling API enables the profiler to change the in-memory codestream for a routine before it is just-in-time (JIT) compiled where theprofiler can dynamically add instrumentation code to all or particularroutines of interest. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques mayprovide equivalent or similar functionalities as the above describedones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through Java platform's APIs forapplication tracing or profiling such as Java Virtual Machine ProfilingInterface (JVMPI), Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVMTI), and/orother APIs or tools. These APIs can be used for instrumentation of anapplication, for notification of Java Virtual Machine (VM) events,and/or other functionalities. One of the tracing or profiling techniquesthat can be utilized includes bytecode instrumentation. The profiler caninsert bytecodes into all or some of the classes. In applicationexecution profiling, for example, these bytecodes may includemethodEntry and methodExit calls. In memory profiling, for example, thebytecodes may be inserted after each new or after each constructor. Insome aspects, insertion of instrumentation bytecode can be performedeither by a post-compiler or a custom class loader. An alternative tobytecode instrumentation includes monitoring events generated by theJVMPI or JVMTI interfaces. Both APIs can generate events for methodentry/exit, object allocation, and/or other events. In some aspects,JVMTI can be utilized for dynamic bytecode instrumentation whereinsertion of instrumentation bytecodes is performed at runtime. Theprofiler may insert the necessary instrumentation when a selected classis invoked in an application. This can be accomplished using the JVMTI'sredefineClasses method, for example. This approach also enables changingof the level of profiling as the application is running. If needed,these changes can be made adaptively without restarting the application.Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent orsimilar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through JVMTI's programming interfacethat enables creation of software agents that can monitor and control aJava application. An agent may use the functionality of the interface toregister for notification of events as they occur in the application,and to query and control the application. A JVMTI agent may use JVMTIfunctions to extract information from a Java application. A JVMTI agentcan be utilized to obtain an application's runtime information such asmethod calls, memory allocation, CPU utilization, lock contention,and/or other information. JVMTI may include functions to obtaininformation about variables, fields, methods, classes, and/or otherinformation. JVMTI may also provide notification for numerous eventssuch as method entry and exit, exception, field access and modification,thread start and end, and/or other events. Examples of JVMTI built-inmethods include GetMethodName to obtain the name of an invoked method,GetThreadInfo to obtain information for a specific thread,GetClassSignature to obtain information about the class of an object,GetStackTrace to obtain information about the stack includinginformation about stack frames, and/or other methods. Other platforms,tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through java.lang.Runtime class thatprovides an interface for application tracing or profiling. Examples ofmethods provided in java.lang.Runtime that can be used to obtain anapplication's instruction sets, data, and/or other information includetracemethodcalls, traceinstructions, and/or other methods. These methodsprompt the Java Virtual Machine to output trace information for a methodor instruction in the virtual machine as it is executed. The destinationof trace output may be system dependent and include a file, a listener,and/or other destinations where Acquisition Interface 120, ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110, and/or other disclosed elements can access neededinformation. In addition to tracing or profiling tools native to theirrespective computing systems and/or platforms, many independent toolsexist that provide tracing or profiling functionalities on more than onecomputing system and/or platform. Examples of these tools include Pin,DynamoRIO, KernInst, DynInst, Kprobes, OpenPAT, DTrace, SystemTap,and/or others. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provideequivalent or similar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through logging tools of the platformand/or operating system on which an application runs. Some logging toolsmay include nearly full feature sets of the tracing or profiling toolspreviously described. In one example, Visual Basic enables logging ofruntime messages through its Microsoft.VisualBasic.Logging namespacethat provides a log listener where the log listener may direct loggingoutput to a file and/or other target. In another example, Java enableslogging through its java.util.logging class. In some aspects, obtainingan application's instruction sets, data, and/or other information can beimplemented through logging capabilities of the operating system onwhich an application runs. For example, Windows NT features centralizedlog service that applications and operating-system components canutilize to report their events including any messages. Windows NTprovides functionalities for system, application, security, and/or otherlogging. An application log may include events logged by applications.Windows NT, for example, may include support for defining an eventsource (i.e. application that created the event, etc.). Windows Vista,for example, supports a structured XML log-format and designated logtypes to allow applications to more precisely log events and to helpinterpret the events. Examples of different types of event logs includeadministrative, operational, analytic, debug, and/or other log typesincluding any of their subcategories. Examples of event attributes thatcan be utilized include eventID, level, task, opcode, keywords, and/orother event attributes. Windows wevtutil tool enables access to events,their structures, registered event publishers, and/or theirconfiguration even before the events are fired. Wevtutil supportscapabilities such as retrieval of the names of all logs on a computingdevice; retrieval of configuration information for a specific log;retrieval of event publishers on a computing device; reading events froman event log, from a log file, or using a structured query; exportingevents from an event log, from a log file, or using a structured queryto a specific target; and/or other capabilities. Operating system logscan be utilized solely if they contain sufficient information on anapplication's instruction sets, data, and/or other information.Alternatively, operating system logs can be utilized in combination withanother source of information (i.e. trace information, call stack,processor registers, memory, etc.) to reconstruct the application'sinstruction sets, data, and/or other information needed for ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110 and/or other elements. In addition to loggingcapabilities native to their respective platforms and/or operatingsystems, many independent tools exist that provide logging on differentplatforms and/or operating systems. Examples of these tools includeLog4j, Logback, SmartInspect, NLog, log 4net, Microsoft EnterpriseLibrary, ObjectGuy Framework, and/or others. Other platforms, tools,and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similar functionalities asthe above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through tracing or profiling theoperating system on which an application runs. As in tracing orprofiling an application, one of the techniques that can be utilizedincludes adding instrumentation code to the operating system's sourcecode. Such instrumentation code can be added to the operating system'ssource code before kernel compilation or recompilation, for instance.This type of instrumentation may involve defining or finding locationsin the operating system's source code where instrumentation code may beinserted. Kernel instrumentation can also be performed without the needfor kernel recompilation or rebooting. In some aspects, instrumentationcode can be added at locations of interest through binary rewriting ofcompiled kernel code. In other aspects, kernel instrumentation can beperformed dynamically where instrumentation code is added and/or removedwhere needed at runtime. For instance, dynamic instrumentation mayoverwrite kernel code with a branch instruction that redirects executionto instrumentation code or instrumentation routine. In yet otheraspects, kernel instrumentation can be performed using just-in-time(JIT) dynamic instrumentation where execution may be redirected to acopy of kernel's code segment that includes instrumentation code. Thistype of instrumentation may include a JIT compiler and creation of acopy of the original code segment having instrumentation code or callsto instrumentation routines embedded into the original code segment.Instrumentation of the operating system may enable total systemvisibility including visibility into an application's behavior byenabling generation of low level trace information. Other platforms,tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through tracing or profiling theprocessor on which an application runs. For example, some Intelprocessors provide Intel Processor Trace (i.e. Intel PT, etc.), alow-level tracing feature that enables recording executed instructionsets, and/or other data or information of one or more applications.Intel PT is facilitated by the Processor Trace Decoder Library alongwith its related tools. Intel PT is a low-overhead execution tracingfeature that records information about application execution on eachhardware thread using dedicated hardware facilities. The recordedexecution/trace information is collected in data packets that can bebuffered internally before being sent to a memory subsystem or anothersystem or element (i.e. Acquisition Interface 120, ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110, etc.). Intel PT also enables navigating therecorded execution/trace information via reverse stepping commands.Intel PT can be included in an operating system's core files andprovided as a feature of the operating system. Intel PT can traceglobally some or all applications running on an operating system.Acquisition Interface 120 or Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 can reador obtain the recorded execution/trace information from Intel PT. Otherplatforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through branch tracing or profiling.Branch tracing may include an abbreviated instruction trace in whichonly the successful branch instruction sets are traced or recorded.Branch tracing can be implemented through utilizing dedicated processorcommands, for example. Executed branches may be saved into specialbranch trace store area of memory. With the availability and referenceto a compiler listing of the application together with branch traceinformation, a full path of executed instruction sets can bereconstructed. The full path can also be reconstructed with a memorydump (containing the program storage) and branch trace information. Insome aspects, branch tracing can be utilized for pre-learning orautomated learning of an application's instruction sets, data, and/orother information where a number of application simulations (i.e.simulations of likely/common operations, etc.) are performed. As such,the application's operation can be learned automatically saving the timethat would be needed to learn the application's operation directed by auser. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalentor similar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation can be implemented through assembly language. Assemblylanguage is a low-level programming language for a computer or otherprogrammable device in which there is a strong correlation between thelanguage and the architecture's machine instruction sets. Syntax,addressing modes, operands, and/or other elements of an assemblylanguage instruction set may translate directly into numeric (i.e.binary, etc.) representations of that particular instruction set.Because of this direct relationship with the architecture's machineinstruction sets, assembly language can be a powerful tool for tracingor profiling an application's execution in processor registers, memory,and/or other computing system components. For example, using assemblylanguage, memory locations of a loaded application can be accessed,instrumented, and/or otherwise manipulated. In some aspects, assemblylanguage can be used to rewrite or overwrite original in-memoryinstruction sets of an application with instrumentation instructionsets. In other aspects, assembly language can be used to redirectapplication's execution to instrumentation routine/subroutine or othercode segment elsewhere in memory by inserting a jump into theapplication's in-memory code, by redirecting program counter, or byother techniques. Some operating systems may implement protection fromchanges to applications loaded into memory. Operating system, processor,or other low level commands such as Linux mprotect command or similarcommands in other operating systems may be used to unprotect theprotected locations in memory before the change. In yet other aspects,assembly language can be used to obtain instruction sets, data, and/orother information through accessing and/or reading instruction register,program counter, other processor registers, memory locations, and/orother components of a computing system. In yet other aspects, high-levelprogramming languages may call or execute an external assembly languageprogram to facilitate obtaining instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation as previously described. In yet other aspects, relativelylow-level programming languages such as C may allow embedding assemblylanguage directly in their source code such as, for example, using asmkeyword of C. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provideequivalent or similar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, it may be sufficient to obtain user or otherinputs, variables, parameters, and/or other data in some procedural,simple object oriented, or other applications. In one instance, a simpleprocedural application executes a sequence of instruction sets until theend of the program. During its execution, the application may receiveuser or other input, store the input in a variable, and performcalculations using the variable to reach a result. The value of thevariable can be obtained or traced. In another instance, a more complexprocedural application comprises one or morefunctions/routines/subroutines each of which may include a sequence ofinstruction sets. The application may execute a main sequence ofinstruction sets with a branch to a function/routine/subroutine. Duringits execution, the application may receive user or other input, storethe input in a variable, and pass the variable as a parameter to thefunction/routine/subroutine. The function/routine/subroutine may performcalculations using the parameter and return a value that the rest of theapplication can use to reach a result. The value of the variable orparameter passed to the function/routine/subroutine, and/or return valuecan be obtained or traced. Values of user or other inputs, variables,parameters, and/or other items of interest can be obtained throughpreviously described tracing, instrumentation, and/or other techniques.Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent orsimilar functionalities as the above described ones.

Referring to FIG. 3, in yet another example, obtaining instruction sets,data, and/or other information may be implemented through tracing,profiling, or sampling of instruction sets or data in processorregisters, memory, or other computing system components whereinstruction sets, data, and/or other information may be stored orutilized. For example, Instruction Register 212 may be part of Processor11 and it may store the instruction set currently being executed ordecoded. In some processors, Program Counter 211 (also referred to asinstruction pointer, instruction address register, instruction counter,or part of instruction sequencer) may be incremented after fetching aninstruction set, and it may hold or point to the memory address of thenext instruction set to be executed. In a processor where theincrementation precedes the fetch, Program Counter 211 may point to thecurrent instruction set being executed. In the instruction cycle, aninstruction set may be loaded into Instruction Register 212 afterProcessor 11 fetches it from location in Memory 12 pointed to by ProgramCounter 211. Instruction Register 212 may hold the instruction set whileit is decoded by Instruction Decoder 213, prepared, and executed. Insome aspects, data (i.e. operands, etc.) needed for instruction setexecution may be loaded from Memory 12 into a register within RegisterArray 214. In other aspects, the data may be loaded directly intoArithmetic Logic Unit 215. For instance, as instruction sets passthrough Instruction Register 212 during application execution, they maybe transmitted to Acquisition Interface 120 as shown. Examples of thesteps in execution of a machine instruction set may include decoding theopcode (i.e. portion of a machine instruction set that may specify theoperation to be performed), determining where the operands may belocated (depending on architecture, operands may be in registers, thestack, memory, I/O ports, etc.), retrieving the operands, allocatingprocessor resources to execute the instruction set (needed in some typesof processors), performing the operation indicated by the instructionset, saving the results of execution, and/or other execution steps.Examples of the types of machine instruction sets that can be utilizedinclude arithmetic, data handling, logical, program control, as well asspecial and/or other instruction set types. In addition to the onesdescribed or shown, examples of other computing system or processorcomponents that can be used during an instruction cycle include memoryaddress register (MAR) that may hold the address of a memory block to beread from or written to; memory data register (MDR) that may hold datafetched from memory or data waiting to be stored in memory; dataregisters that may hold numeric values, characters, small bit arrays, orother data; address registers that may hold addresses used byinstruction sets that indirectly access memory; general purposeregisters (GPRs) that may store both data and addresses; conditionalregisters that may hold truth values often used to determine whethersome instruction set should or should not be executed; floating pointregisters (FPRs) that may store floating point numbers; constantregisters that may hold read-only values such as zero, one, or pi;special purpose registers (SPRs) such as status register, programcounter, or stack pointer that may hold information on program state;machine-specific registers that may store data and settings related to aparticular processor; Register Array 214 that may include an array ofany number of processor registers; Arithmetic Logic Unit 215 that mayperform arithmetic and logic operations; control unit that may directprocessor's operation; and/or other circuits or components. Tracing,profiling, or sampling of processor registers, memory, or othercomputing system components can be implemented in a program, combinationof hardware and program, or purely hardware system. Dedicated hardwaremay be built to perform tracing, profiling, or sampling of processorregisters or any computing system components with marginal or no impactto computing overhead.

One of ordinary skill in art will recognize that FIG. 3 depicts one ofmany implementations of processor or computing system components, andthat various additional components can be included, or some of thedisclosed ones can be excluded, or a combination thereof can be utilizedin alternate implementations. Processor or computing system componentsmay be arranged or connected differently in alternate implementations.Processor or computing system components may also be connected withexternal elements using various connections. For instance, theconnection between Instruction Register 212 and Acquisition Interface120 may include any number or types of connections such as, for example,a dedicated connection for each bit of Instruction Register 212 (i.e. 32connections for a 32 bit Instruction Register 212, etc.). Any of thedescribed or other connections or interfaces may be implemented amongany processor or computing system components and Acquisition Interface120 or other elements.

Other additional techniques or elements may be utilized as needed forobtaining instruction sets, data, and/or other information, or some ofthe disclosed techniques or elements may be excluded, or a combinationthereof may be utilized in alternate embodiments.

Referring to FIGS. 4A-4E, some embodiments of Instruction Sets 526 areillustrated. In some aspects, Instruction Set 526 includes one or moreinstructions or commands of Application Program 18. For example,Instruction Set 526 may include one or more instructions or commands ofa high-level programming language such as Java or SQL, a low-levellanguage such as assembly or machine language, an intermediate languageor construct such as bytecode, and/or any other language or construct.In other aspects, Instruction Set 526 includes one or more instructionsor commands related to Object 180. For example, Instruction Set 526 mayinclude one or more instructions or commands for operating Object 180.In further aspects, Instruction Set 526 includes one or more inputs intoand/or outputs from Processor 11, Application Program 18, Object 180,and/or other processing element. In further aspects, Instruction Set 526includes one or more values or states of registers and/or othercomponents of Processor 11, and/or other processing element. In general,Instruction Set 526 may include one or more instructions, commands,keywords, symbols (i.e. parentheses, brackets, commas, semicolons,etc.), operators (i.e. =, <, >, etc.), variables, values, objects, datastructures, functions (i.e. Function1( ), FIRST( ), MIN( ), SQRT( ),etc.), parameters, states, signals, inputs, outputs, characters, digits,references thereto, and/or other elements.

In an embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, Instruction Set 526 includes code ofa high-level programming language (i.e. Java, C++, etc.) comprising thefollowing function call construct: Function1 (Parameter1, Parameter2,Parameter3, . . . ). An example of a function call applying the aboveconstruct includes the following Instruction Set 526: moveTo(Object1,11, 30). The function or reference thereto “moveTo(Object1, 11, 30)” maybe an Instruction Set 526 directing Object1 to move to a location withcoordinates 11 and 30, for example. In another embodiment shown in FIG.4B, Instruction Set 526 includes structured query language (SQL). In afurther embodiment shown in FIG. 4C, Instruction Set 526 includesbytecode (i.e. Java bytecode, Python bytecode, CLR bytecode, etc.). In afurther embodiment shown in FIG. 4D, Instruction Set 526 includesassembly code. In a further embodiment shown in FIG. 4E, Instruction Set526 includes machine code.

Referring to FIGS. 5A-5B, some embodiments of Extra Information 527(also referred to as Extra Info 527) are illustrated. In an embodimentshown in FIG. 5A, Digital Picture 525 may include or be associated withExtra Info 527. In an embodiment shown in FIG. 5B, Instruction Set 526may include or be associated with Extra Info 527.

Extra Info 527 comprises the functionality for storing any informationuseful in comparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object180 operation, and/or other functionalities. One or more Extra Infos 527can be stored in, appended to, or associated with a Digital Picture 525,Instruction Set 526, and/or other element. In some embodiments, thesystem can obtain Extra Info 527 at a time of rendering or receiving ofDigital Picture 525. In other embodiments, the system can obtain ExtraInfo 527 at a time of acquisition of Instruction Set 526. In general,the system or any element thereof can obtain Extra Info 527 at any time.Examples of Extra Info 527 include time information, locationinformation, computed information, observed information, acousticinformation, contextual information, and/or other information. Anyinformation can be utilized that can provide information for enhancedcomparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object 180operation. Which information is utilized and/or stored in Extra Info 527can be set by a user, by VSAOO system administrator, or automatically bythe system. Extra Info 527 may include or be referred to as contextualinformation, and vice versa. Therefore, these terms may be usedinterchangeably herein depending on context.

In some aspects, time information (i.e. time stamp, etc.) can beutilized and/or stored in Extra Info 527. Time information can be usefulin comparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object 180operation related to a specific time period. For example, Extra Info 527may include time information related to when Object 180 performed anoperation. Time information can be obtained from the system clock,online clock, oscillator, or other time source. In other aspects,location information (i.e. coordinates, etc.) can be utilized and/orstored in Extra Info 527. Location information can be useful incomparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object 180operation related to a specific place. For example, Extra Info 527 mayinclude location information related to where Object 180 performed anoperation. Location information can be obtained from ApplicationProgram's 18 engine (i.e. game engine in which the game is implemented,etc.), runtime environment, functions for providing location informationon objects, and/or others. For example, location (i.e. coordinates,vector-defined position, absolute or relative position, etc.) of Object180 in a 3D engine or environment can be obtained by utilizing afunction such as GameObject.Find(“ObjectN”).transform.position in Unity3D Engine, GetActorLocation( ) in Unreal Engine, getPosition( ) inTorque 3D, and/or other similar function or method in other 2D and 3Dengines or environments. Furthermore, location (i.e. coordinates, etc.)of Object 180 on a screen can be obtained by utilizing WorldToScreen( )or similar function or method in various 2D or 3D engines orenvironments. In further aspects, computed information can be utilizedand/or stored in Extra Info 527. Computed information can be useful incomparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object 180operation where information can be calculated, inferred, or derived fromother available information. VSAOO Unit 100 may include computationalfunctionalities to create Extra Info 527 by performing calculations orinferences using other information. In one example, Object's 180 speedcan be computed or estimated from the Object's 180 location and/or timeinformation. In another example, Object's 180 bearing (i.e. angle ordirection of movement, etc.) can be computed or estimated from theObject's 180 location information by utilizing Pythagorean theorem,trigonometry, and/or other theorems, formulas, or disciplines. In afurther example, speeds, bearings, distances, and/or other properties ofobjects around Object 180 can similarly be computed or inferred, therebyproviding geo-spatial and situational awareness and/or capabilities toObject 180. In further aspects, observed information can be utilizedand/or stored in Extra Info 527. Observed information can be useful incomparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object 180operation related to a specific object or environment. For example, anobject or environment can be recognized by processing one or moreDigital Pictures 525 from Renderer 91. Any features, functionalities,and embodiments of Picture Recognizer 350 (later described) can beutilized for such recognizing. For example, trees recognized in thebackground of one or more Digital Pictures 525 from Renderer 91 mayindicate a park or forest. In further aspects, acoustic information canbe utilized and/or stored in Extra Info 527. Acoustic information can beuseful in comparisons or decision making performed in autonomous Object180 operation related to a specific sound or accosting environment. Forexample, an object or environment can be recognized by processingdigital sound from a sound processing system (not shown), soundprocessor, sound program, or other sound provider. Any features,functionalities, and embodiments of a speech or sound recognizer (notshown) known in art can be utilized for such recognizing. For example,sound of a horn recognized in digital sound of Object's 180 acousticsurrounding may indicate a proximal vehicle. In some designs whereacoustic information includes one or more digital sound samples ofObject's 180 acoustic surrounding, the digital sound samples can belearned and/or used similar to Digital Pictures 525 of Object's 180visual surrounding. In such designs, both Digital Pictures 525 anddigital sound samples of Object's 180 surrounding can be learned and/orused for autonomous Object 180 operation. In further aspects, otherinformation can be utilized and/or stored in Extra Info 527. Examples ofsuch other information include user specific information (i.e. skilllevel, age, gender, etc.), group user information (i.e. access level,etc.), version of Application Program 18, the type of ApplicationProgram 18, the type of Object 180, the name of Object 180, theallegiance of Object 180, the type of Processor 11, the type ofComputing Device 70, and/or other information all of which can beobtained from various devices, systems, repositories, functions, orelements of Computing Device 70, Processor 11, Application Program 18,Object 18, and/or other processing elements.

Referring to FIG. 6, an embodiment where VSAOO Unit 100 is part of oroperating on Processor 11 is illustrated. In one example, VSAOO Unit 100may be a hardware element or circuit embedded or built into Processor11. In another example, VSAOO Unit 100 may be a program operating onProcessor 11.

Referring to FIG. 7, an embodiment where VSAOO Unit 100 resides onServer 96 accessible over Network 95 is illustrated. Any number ofComputing Devices 70, Processors 11, Application Programs 18, and/orother elements may connect to such remote VSAOO Unit 100 and the remoteVSAOO Unit 100 may learn operations of their Objects 180 in variousvisual surroundings. In turn, any number of Computing Devices 70,Processors 11, Application Programs 18, and/or other elements canutilize the remote VSAOO Unit 100 for autonomous operation of theirObjects 180. A remote VSAOO Unit 100 can be offered as a network service(i.e. online application, etc.). In some aspects, a remote VSAOO Unit100 (i.e. global VSAOO Unit 100, etc.) may reside on the Internet and beavailable to all the world's Computing Devices 70, Processors 11,Application Programs 18, and/or other elements configured to transmitoperations of their Objects 180 in various visual surroundings and/orconfigured to utilize the remote VSAOO Unit 100 for autonomous operationof their Objects 180. For example, multiple players (i.e. Users 50,etc.) may play a computer game (i.e. Application Program 18, etc.)running on their respective Computing Devices 70 where the ComputingDevices 70 and/or elements thereof may be configured to transmitoperations of computer game's Object 180 in various visual surroundingsto a remote VSAOO Unit 100. Such remote VSAOO Unit 100 enables learningof the players' collective knowledge of operating Object 180 in variousvisual surroundings. Server 96 may be or include any type or form of aremote computing device such as an application server, a network serviceserver, a cloud server, a cloud, and/or other remote computing device.Server 96 may include any features, functionalities, and embodiments ofthe previously described Computing Device 70. It should be understoodthat Server 96 does not have to be a separate computing device and thatServer 96, its elements, or its functionalities can be implemented onComputing Device 70. Network 95 may include various networks, connectiontypes, protocols, interfaces, APIs, and/or other elements or techniquesknown in art all of which are within the scope of this disclosure. Anyof the previously described networks, network or connection types,networking interfaces, and/or other networking elements or techniquescan similarly be utilized. Any of the disclosed elements may reside onServer 96 in alternate implementations. In one example, ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110 can reside on Server 96 and Acquisition Interface120 and/or Modification Interface 130 can reside on Computing Device 70.In another example, Knowledgebase 530 (later described) can reside onServer 96 and the rest of the elements of VSAOO Unit 100 can reside onComputing Device 70. Any other combination of local and remote elementscan be implemented.

Referring to FIG. 8, an embodiment of VSAOO Unit 100 comprising PictureRecognizer 350 is illustrated. VSAOO Unit 100 can utilize PictureRecognizer 350 to detect or recognize persons, objects, and/or theiractivities in one or more digital pictures from Renderer 91. In general,VSAOO Unit 100 and/or other disclosed elements can use PictureRecognizer 350 for any operation supported by Picture Recognizer 350.Picture Recognizer 350 comprises the functionality for detecting orrecognizing persons or objects in visual data. Picture Recognizer 350comprises the functionality for detecting or recognizing activities invisual data. Picture Recognizer 350 comprises the functionality fortracking persons, objects, and/or their activities in visual data.Picture Recognizer 350 comprises other disclosed functionalities. Visualdata includes digital motion pictures, digital still pictures (i.e.bitmaps, etc.), and/or other visual data. Examples of file formats thatcan be utilized to store visual data include AVI, DivX, MPEG, JPEG, GIF,TIFF, PNG, PDF, and/or other file formats. Picture Recognizer 350 maydetect or recognize a person and/or his/her activities as well as trackthe person and/or his/her activities in one or more digital pictures orstreams of digital pictures (i.e. motion pictures, video, etc.). PictureRecognizer 350 may detect or recognize a human head or face, upper body,full body, or portions/combinations thereof. In some aspects, PictureRecognizer 350 may detect or recognize persons, objects, and/or theiractivities from a digital picture by comparing regions of pixels fromthe digital picture with collections of pixels comprising known persons,objects, and/or their activities. The collections of pixels comprisingknown persons, objects, and/or their activities can be learned ormanually, programmatically, or otherwise defined. The collections ofpixels comprising known persons, objects, and/or their activities can bestored in any data structure or repository (i.e. one or more files,database, etc.) that resides locally on Computing Device 70, or remotelyon a remote computing device (i.e. server, cloud, etc.) accessible overa network. In other aspects, Picture Recognizer 350 may detect orrecognize persons, objects, and/or their activities from a digitalpicture by comparing features (i.e. lines, edges, ridges, corners,blobs, regions, etc.) of the digital picture with features of knownpersons, objects, and/or their activities. The features of knownpersons, objects, and/or their activities can be learned or manually,programmatically, or otherwise defined. The features of known persons,objects, and/or their activities can be stored in any data structure orrepository (i.e. neural network, one or more files, database, etc.) thatresides locally on Computing Device 70, or remotely on a remotecomputing device (i.e. server, cloud, etc.) accessible over a network.Typical steps or elements in a feature oriented picture recognitioninclude pre-processing, feature extraction, detection/segmentation,decision-making, and/or others, or a combination thereof, each of whichmay include its own sub-steps or sub-elements depending on theapplication. In further aspects, Picture Recognizer 350 may detect orrecognize multiple persons, objects, and/or their activities from adigital picture using the aforementioned pixel or feature comparisons,and/or other detection or recognition techniques. For example, a picturemay depict two persons in two of its regions both of whom PictureRecognizer 350 can detect simultaneously. In further aspects, wherepersons, objects, and/or their activities span multiple pictures,Picture Recognizer 350 may detect or recognize persons, objects, and/ortheir activities by applying the aforementioned pixel or featurecomparisons and/or other detection or recognition techniques over astream of digital pictures (i.e. motion picture, video, etc.). Forexample, once a person is detected in a digital picture (i.e. frame,etc.) of a stream of digital pictures (i.e. motion picture, video,etc.), the region of pixels comprising the detected person or theperson's features can be searched in other pictures of the stream ofdigital pictures, thereby tracking the person through the stream ofdigital pictures. In further aspects, Picture Recognizer 350 may detector recognize a person's activities by identifying and/or analyzingdifferences between a detected region of pixels of one picture (i.e.frame, etc.) and detected regions of pixels of other pictures in astream of digital pictures. For example, a region of pixels comprising aperson's face can be detected in multiple consecutive pictures of astream of digital pictures (i.e. motion picture, video, etc.).Differences among the detected regions of the consecutive pictures maybe identified in the mouth part of the person's face to indicate smilingor speaking activity. Any technique for recognizing speech frommouth/lip movements can be used in this and other examples. In furtheraspects, Picture Recognizer 350 may detect or recognize persons,objects, and/or their activities using one or more artificial neuralnetworks, which may include statistical techniques. Examples ofartificial neural networks that can be used in Picture Recognizer 350include convolutional neural networks (CNNs), time delay neural networks(TDNNs), deep neural networks, and/or others. In one example, picturerecognition techniques and/or tools involving convolutional neuralnetworks may include identifying and/or analyzing tiled and/oroverlapping regions or features of a digital picture, which may then beused to search for pictures with matching regions or features. Inanother example, features of different convolutional neural networksresponsible for spatial and temporal streams can be fused to detectpersons, objects, and/or their activities in streams of digital pictures(i.e. motion pictures, videos, etc.). In general, Picture Recognizer 350may include any machine learning, deep learning, and/or other artificialintelligence techniques. Any other techniques known in art can beutilized in Picture Recognizer 350. For example, thresholds forsimilarity, statistical, and/or optimization techniques can be utilizedto determine a match in any of the above-described detection orrecognition techniques. Picture Recognizer 350 comprises any features,functionalities, and embodiments of Similarity Comparison 125 (laterdescribed).

In some exemplary embodiments, object recognition techniques and/ortools such as OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision) library, CamFind API,Kooaba, 6px API, Dextro API, and/or others can be utilized for detectingor recognizing objects (i.e. objects, animals, people, etc.) in digitalpictures. In some aspects, object recognition techniques and/or toolsinvolve identifying and/or analyzing object features such as lines,edges, ridges, corners, blobs, regions, and/or their relative positions,sizes, shapes, etc., which may then be used to search for pictures withmatching features. For example, OpenCV library can detect an object(i.e. car, pedestrian, door, building, animal, person, etc.) in one ormore digital pictures rendered or generated by Renderer 91 or stored inan electronic repository, which can then be utilized in VSAOO Unit 100,Artificial Intelligence Unit 110, and/or other elements.

In other exemplary embodiments, facial recognition techniques and/ortools such as OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision) library, AnimetricsFaceR API, Lambda Labs Facial Recognition API, Face++ SDK, Neven Vision(also known as N-Vision) Engine, and/or others can be utilized fordetecting or recognizing faces in digital pictures. In some aspects,facial recognition techniques and/or tools involve identifying and/oranalyzing facial features such as the relative position, size, and/orshape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, jaw, etc., which may then be usedto search for pictures with matching features. For example, FaceR APIcan detect a person's face in one or more digital pictures rendered orgenerated by Renderer 91 or stored in an electronic repository, whichcan then be utilized in VSAOO Unit 100, Artificial Intelligence Unit110, and/or other elements.

Referring to FIG. 9, an embodiment of Artificial Intelligence Unit 110is illustrated. Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 comprisesinterconnected Knowledge Structuring Unit 520, Knowledgebase 530,Decision-making Unit 540, and Confirmation Unit 550. Other additionalelements can be included as needed, or some of the disclosed ones can beexcluded, or a combination thereof can be utilized in alternateembodiments.

Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 comprises the functionality forlearning Object's 180 operation in various visual surroundings.Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 comprises the functionality forlearning one or more digital pictures correlated with any instructionsets, data, and/or other information. In some aspects, ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110 comprises the functionality for learning one ormore Digital Pictures 525 of Object's 180 visual surrounding correlatedwith any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. The InstructionSets 526 may be used or executed in operating Object 180. In otheraspects, Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 comprises the functionalityfor learning one or more Digital Pictures 525 of Object's 180 visualsurrounding some of which may not be correlated with any InstructionSets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. Further, Artificial Intelligence Unit110 comprises the functionality for anticipating Object's 180 operationin various visual surroundings. Artificial Intelligence Unit 110comprises the functionality for anticipating one or more instructionsets, data, and/or other information. Artificial Intelligence Unit 110comprises the functionality for anticipating one or more InstructionSets 526 based on one or more incoming Digital Pictures 525 of Object's180 visual surrounding. Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 comprises thefunctionality for anticipating one or more Instruction Sets 526 to beused or executed in Object's 180 autonomous operation. ArtificialIntelligence Unit 110 also comprises other disclosed functionalities.

Knowledge Structuring Unit 520, Knowledgebase 530, and Decision-makingUnit 540 are described later.

Confirmation Unit 550 comprises the functionality for confirming,modifying, evaluating (i.e. rating, etc.), and/or canceling one or moreanticipatory Instruction Sets 526, and/or other functionalities.Confirmation Unit 550 is an optional element that can be omitteddepending on implementation. In some embodiments, Confirmation Unit 550can serve as a means of confirming anticipatory Instruction Sets 526.For example, Decision-making Unit 540 may determine one or moreanticipatory Instruction Sets 526 and provide them to User 50 forconfirmation. User 50 may be provided with an interface (i.e. graphicaluser interface, selectable list of anticipatory Instruction Sets 526,etc.) to approve or confirm execution of the anticipatory InstructionSets 526. In some aspects, Confirmation Unit 550 can automate User 50confirmation. In one example, if one or more incoming Digital Pictures525 from Renderer 91 and one or more Digital Pictures 525 from aKnowledge Cell 800 were found to be a perfect or highly similar match,anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 correlated with the one or moreDigital Pictures 525 from the Knowledge Cell 800 can be automaticallyexecuted without User's 50 confirmation. Conversely, if one or moreincoming Digital Pictures 525 from Renderer 91 and one or more DigitalPictures 525 from a Knowledge Cell 800 were found to be less than ahighly similar match, anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 correlated withthe one or more Digital Pictures 525 from the Knowledge Cell 800 can bepresented to User 50 for confirmation and/or modifying. A threshold thatdefines a highly or otherwise similar match can be utilized in suchimplementations. Such threshold can be defined by a user, by VSAOOsystem administrator, or automatically by the system based onexperience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or other techniques,knowledge, or input. In other embodiments, Confirmation Unit 550 canserve as a means of modifying or editing anticipatory Instruction Sets526. For example, Decision-making Unit 540 may determine one or moreanticipatory Instruction Sets 526 and provide them to User 50 formodification. User 50 may be provided with an interface (i.e. graphicaluser interface, etc.) to modify the anticipatory Instruction Sets 526before their execution. In further embodiments, Confirmation Unit 550can serve as a means of evaluating or rating anticipatory InstructionSets 526 if they matched User's 50 intended operation. For example,Decision-making Unit 540 may determine one or more anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, which the system may automatically execute. User50 may be provided with an interface (i.e. graphical user interface,etc.) to rate (i.e. on a scale from 0 to 1, etc.) how wellDecision-making Unit 540 predicted the executed anticipatory InstructionSets 526. In some aspects, rating can be automatic and based on aparticular function or method that rates how well the anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 matched the desired operation. In one example, arating function or method can assign a higher rating to anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 that were least modified in the confirmationprocess. In another example, a rating function or method can assign ahigher rating to anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 that were canceledleast number of times by User 50. Any other automatic rating function ormethod can be utilized. In yet other embodiments, Confirmation Unit 550can serve as a means of canceling anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 ifthey did not match User's 50 intended operation. For example,Decision-making Unit 540 may determine one or more anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, which the system may automatically execute. Thesystem may save the state of Computing Device 70, Processor 11 (save itsregister values, etc.), Application Program 18 (i.e. save its variables,data structures, objects, location of its current instruction, etc.),Object 180, and/or other processing elements before executinganticipatory Instruction Sets 526. User 50 may be provided with aninterface (i.e. graphical user interface, selectable list of priorexecuted anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) to cancel one or moreof the prior executed anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, and restoreComputing Device 70, Processor 11, Application Program 18, Object 180,and/or other processing elements to a prior state. In some aspects,Confirmation Unit 550 can optionally be disabled or omitted in order toprovide an uninterrupted operation of Computing Device 70, Processor 11,Application Program 18, and/or Object 180. For example, a form basedapplication may be suitable for implementing the user confirmation step,whereas, a game application may be less suitable for implementing suchinterrupting step due to the real time nature of game application'soperation.

Referring to FIG. 10, an embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit 520correlating individual Digital Pictures 525 with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527 is illustrated. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520comprises the functionality for structuring the knowledge of Object's180 operation in various visual surroundings, and/or otherfunctionalities. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 comprises thefunctionality for correlating one or more Digital Pictures 525 ofObject's 180 visual surrounding with any Instruction Sets 526 and/orExtra Info 527. The Instruction Sets 526 may be used or executed inoperating Object 180. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 comprises thefunctionality for creating or generating Knowledge Cell 800 and storingone or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527 into the Knowledge Cell 800. As such,Knowledge Cell 800 comprises the functionality for storing one or moreDigital Pictures 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/orExtra Info 527. Knowledge Cell 800 includes a unit of knowledge of howObject 180 operated in a visual surrounding. Once created or generated,Knowledge Cells 800 can be used in/as neurons, nodes, vertices, or otherelements in any of the data structures or arrangements (i.e. neuralnetworks, graphs, sequences, etc.) used for storing the knowledge ofObject's 180 operation in various visual surroundings, therebyfacilitating learning functionalities herein. It should be noted thatExtra Info 527 may be optionally used in some implementations to enableenhanced comparisons or decision making in autonomous Object 180operation where applicable, and that Extra Info 527 can be omitted inalternate implementations.

In some embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 receives one or moreDigital Pictures 525 from Renderer 91. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520may also receive one or more Instruction Sets 526 from AcquisitionInterface 120. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may further receive anyExtra Info 527. Although, Extra Info 527 is not shown in this and/orother figures for clarity of illustration, it should be noted that anyDigital Picture 525, Instruction Set 526, and/or other element mayinclude or be associated with Extra Info 527. Knowledge Structuring Unit520 may correlate one or more Digital Pictures 525 with any InstructionSets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may thencreate Knowledge Cell 800 and store the one or more Digital Pictures 525correlated with Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 into theKnowledge Cell 800. Knowledge Cell 800 may include any data structure orarrangement that can facilitate such storing. For example, KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 may create Knowledge Cell 800 ax and structurewithin it Digital Picture 525 a 1 correlated with Instruction Sets 526 a1-526 a 3 and/or any Extra Info 527 (not shown). Knowledge StructuringUnit 520 may further structure within Knowledge Cell 800 ax a DigitalPicture 525 a 2 correlated with Instruction Set 526 a 4 and/or any ExtraInfo 527 (not shown). Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may furtherstructure within Knowledge Cell 800 ax a Digital Picture 525 a 3 withouta correlated Instruction Set 526 and/or Extra Info 527. KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 may further structure within Knowledge Cell 800 axa Digital Picture 525 a 4 correlated with Instruction Sets 526 a 5-526 a6 and/or any Extra Info 527 (not shown). Knowledge Structuring Unit 520may further structure within Knowledge Cell 800 ax a Digital Picture 525a 5 without a correlated Instruction Set 526 and/or Extra Info 527.Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may structure within Knowledge Cell 800ax additional Digital Pictures 525 correlated with any number (includingzero [i.e. uncorrelated]) of Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527by following the same logic as described above.

In some embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may correlate aDigital Picture 525 with one or more temporally correspondingInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. This way, KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 can structure the knowledge of Object's 180operation at or around the time of the rendering or processing ofDigital Pictures 525 of Object's 180 visual surrounding. Suchfunctionality enables spontaneous or seamless learning of Object's 180operation in various visual surroundings as user operates Object 180 inreal life situations. In some designs, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520may receive a stream of Instruction Sets 526 used or executed to effectObject's 180 operations as well as a stream of Digital Pictures 525 ofObject's 180 visual surrounding as the operations are performed.Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can then correlate Digital Pictures 525from the stream of Digital Pictures 525 with temporally correspondingInstruction Sets 526 from the stream of Instruction Sets 526 and/or anyExtra Info 527. Digital Pictures 525 without a temporally correspondingInstruction Set 526 may be uncorrelated, for instance. In some aspects,Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 that temporally correspond toa Digital Picture 525 may include Instruction Sets 526 used and/or ExtraInfo 527 obtained at the time of rendering or processing the DigitalPicture 525. In other aspects, Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info527 that temporally correspond to a Digital Picture 525 may includeInstruction Sets 526 used and/or Extra Info 527 obtained within acertain time period before and/or after rendering or processing theDigital Picture 525. For example, Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info527 that temporally correspond to a Digital Picture 525 may includeInstruction Sets 526 used and/or Extra Info 527 obtained within 50milliseconds, 1 second, 3 seconds, 20 seconds, 1 minute, 41 minutes, 2hours, or any other time period before and/or after rendering orprocessing the Digital Picture 525. Such time periods can be defined bya user, by VSAOO system administrator, or automatically by the systembased on experience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or othertechniques, knowledge, or input. In other aspects, Instruction Sets 526and/or Extra Info 527 that temporally correspond to a Digital Picture525 may include Instruction Sets 526 used and/or Extra Info 527 obtainedfrom the time of rendering or processing of the Digital Picture 525 tothe time of rendering or processing of a next Digital Picture 525. Infurther aspects, Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 thattemporally correspond to a Digital Picture 525 may include InstructionSets 526 used and/or Extra Info 527 obtained from the time of renderingor processing of a previous Digital Picture 525 to the time of renderingor processing of the Digital Picture 525. Any other temporalrelationship or correspondence between Digital Pictures 525 andcorrelated Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 can beimplemented.

In some embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structure theknowledge of Object's 180 operation in a visual surrounding into anynumber of Knowledge Cells 800. In some aspects, Knowledge StructuringUnit 520 can structure into a Knowledge Cell 800 a single DigitalPicture 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info527. In other aspects, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structure intoa Knowledge Cell 800 any number (i.e. 2, 3, 5, 8, 19, 33, 99, 1715,21822, 393477, 6122805, etc.) of Digital Pictures 525 correlated withany Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. In a special case,Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structure all Digital Pictures 525correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 into asingle long Knowledge Cell 800. In further aspects, KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 can structure Digital Pictures 525 correlated withany Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 into a plurality ofKnowledge Cells 800. In a special case, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520can store periodic streams of Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 into a plurality of KnowledgeCells 800 such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, or otherperiodic Knowledge Cells 800.

In some embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may be responsive toa triggering object, action, event, time, and/or other stimulus. In someaspects, the system can detect or recognize an object in Object's 180visual surrounding, and Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structureinto a Knowledge Cell 800 one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlatedwith any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 related to theobject. For example, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structure into aKnowledge Cell 800 one or more Digital Pictures 525 depicting a detectedopponent correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 causing Object 180(i.e. avatar, user controllable object, etc.) to shoot the opponent in agame application. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can also structure intothe Knowledge Cell 800 any Extra Info 527 (i.e. time, location,computed, observed, acoustic, and/or other information, etc.). In otheraspects, the system can detect or recognize a specific action oroperation performed by an object in Object's 180 visual surrounding, andKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structure into a Knowledge Cell 800one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527 related to the action or operation. Forexample, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structure into a KnowledgeCell 800 one or more Digital Pictures 525 depicting a detected opponentshooting at Object 180 (i.e. avatar, user controllable object, etc.)correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 causing Object 180 to block theopponent's shots in a game application. Knowledge Structuring Unit 520can also structure into the Knowledge Cell 800 any Extra Info 527 (i.e.time, location, computed, observed, acoustic, and/or other information,etc.). Any features, functionalities, and embodiments of PictureRecognizer 350 can be utilized in the aforementioned detecting orrecognizing. In general, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 can structureinto a Knowledge Cell 800 any Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 related to any triggeringobject, action, event, time, and/or other stimulus.

In some embodiments, a plurality of views and/or plurality of Renderers91 can be utilized. In one example, Digital Pictures 525 of differentangles or sides of Object 180 may be rendered or generated by one ormore Renderers 91. In another example, views from different sub-elementsof Object 180 may be rendered or generated by one or more Renderers 91.Using multiple views may provide additional visual detail in learningand/or using Object's 180 visual surrounding for autonomous Object 180operation. In some designs where multiple views are utilized, multipleVSAOO Units 100 can also be utilized (i.e. one VSAOO Unit 100 for eachview, etc.). In such designs, Digital Pictures 525 of each view ofObject's 180 visual surrounding can be correlated with any InstructionSets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 as previously described. In other designswhere multiple views are utilized, collective Digital Pictures 525 ofmultiple views of Object's 180 visual surrounding can be correlated withany Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. Any combination of theaforementioned multiple views and/or other techniques or elements can beimplemented in alternate embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 11, another embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit520 correlating individual Digital Pictures 525 with any InstructionSets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 is illustrated. In such embodiments,Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may generate Knowledge Cells 800 eachcomprising a single Digital Picture 525 correlated with any InstructionSets 526 and/or Extra Info 527.

Referring to FIG. 12, an embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit 520correlating streams of Digital Pictures 525 with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527 is illustrated. In some aspects, a stream ofDigital Pictures 525 may include a collection, a group, a sequence, orother plurality of Digital Pictures 525. In other aspects, a stream ofDigital Pictures 525 may include one or more Digital Pictures 525. Infurther aspects, a stream of Digital Pictures 525 may include a digitalmotion picture (i.e. digital video, etc.) or portion thereof. Forexample, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may create Knowledge Cell 800 axand structure within it a stream of Digital Pictures 525 a 1-525 ancorrelated with Instruction Set 526 a 1 and/or any Extra Info 527 (notshown). Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may further structure withinKnowledge Cell 800 ax a stream of Digital Pictures 525 b 1-525 bncorrelated with Instruction Sets 526 a 2-526 a 4 and/or and Extra Info527 (not shown). Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may further structurewithin Knowledge Cell 800 ax a stream of Digital Pictures 525 c 1-525 cnwithout correlated Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 may further structure within Knowledge Cell 800 axa stream of Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 dn correlated with InstructionSets 526 a 5-526 a 6 and/or any Extra Info 527 (not shown). KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 may further structure within Knowledge Cell 800 axadditional streams of Digital Pictures 525 correlated with any number(including zero [i.e. uncorrelated]) of Instruction Sets 526 and/orExtra Info 527 by following the same logic as described above. Thenumber of Digital Pictures 525 in some or all streams of DigitalPictures 525 a 1-525 an, 525 b 1-525 bn, etc. may be equal or different.It should be noted that n or other such letters or indicia may followthe sequence and/or context where they are indicated. Also, a sameletter or indicia such as n may represent a different number indifferent elements of a drawing.

Referring to FIG. 13, another embodiment of Knowledge Structuring Unit520 correlating streams of Digital Pictures 525 with any InstructionSets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 is illustrated. In such embodiments,Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 may generate Knowledge Cells 800 eachcomprising a single stream of Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527.

Knowledgebase 530 comprises the functionality for storing the knowledgeof an object's operation in various visual surroundings, and/or otherfunctionalities. Knowledgebase 530 comprises the functionality forstoring one or more Digital Pictures 525 of Object's 180 visualsurrounding correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info527. The Instruction Sets 526 may be used or executed in operatingObject 180. Knowledgebase 530 comprises the functionality for storingone or more Knowledge Cells 800 each including one or more DigitalPictures 525 of Object's 180 visual surrounding correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. In some aspects, DigitalPictures 525 correlated with Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527can be stored directly within Knowledgebase 530 without using KnowledgeCells 800 as the intermediary data structures. In some embodiments,Knowledgebase 530 may be or include Neural Network 530 a (laterdescribed). In other embodiments, Knowledgebase 530 may be or includeGraph 530 b (later described). In further embodiments, Knowledgebase 530may be or include Collection of Sequences 530 c (later described). Infurther embodiments, Knowledgebase 530 may be or include Sequence 533(later described). In further embodiments, Knowledgebase 530 may be orinclude Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d (later described). Ingeneral, Knowledgebase 530 may be or include any data structure orarrangement capable of storing the knowledge of an object's operation invarious visual surroundings. Knowledgebase 530 may reside locally onComputing Device 70, or remotely (i.e. remote Knowledgebase 530, etc.)on a remote computing device (i.e. server, cloud, etc.) accessible overa network.

In some embodiments, Knowledgebase 530 from one Computing Device 70 orVSAOO Unit 100 can be transferred to one or more other Computing Devices70 or VSAOO Units 100. Therefore, the knowledge of Object's 180operation in various visual surroundings learned on one Computing Device70 or VSAOO Unit 100 can be transferred to one or more other ComputingDevices 70 or VSAOO Units 100. In one example, Knowledgebase 530 can becopied or downloaded to a file or other repository from one ComputingDevice 70 or VSAOO Unit 100 and loaded or inserted into anotherComputing Device 70 or VSAOO Unit 100. In another example, Knowledgebase530 from one Computing Device 70 or VSAOO Unit 100 can be available on aserver accessible by other Computing Devices 70 or VSAOO Units 100 overa network. Once loaded into or accessed by a receiving Computing Device70 or VSAOO Unit 100, the receiving Computing Device 70 or VSAOO Unit100 can then implement the knowledge of Object's 180 operation invarious visual surroundings learned on the originating Computing Device70 or VSAOO Unit 100.

In some embodiments, multiple Knowledgebases 530 (i.e. from differentComputing Devices 70 or VSAOO Units 100, etc.) can be combined toaccumulate collective knowledge of operating Object 180 in variousvisual surroundings. In one example, one Knowledgebase 530 can beappended to another Knowledgebase 530 such as appending one Collectionof Sequences 530 c (later described) to another Collection of Sequences530 c, appending one Sequence 533 (later described) to another Sequence533, appending one Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d (later described)to another Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, and/or appending otherdata structures or elements thereof. In another example, elements of oneKnowledgebase 530 can be copied into another Knowledgebase 530 such ascopying one Collection of Sequences 530 c into another Collection ofSequences 530 c, copying one Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d intoanother Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, and/or copying other datastructures or elements thereof. In a further example, in the case ofKnowledgebase 530 being or including Graph 530 b or graph-like datastructure (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, tree, etc.), a union can beutilized to combine two or more Graphs 530 b or graph-like datastructures. For instance, a union of two Graphs 530 b or graph-like datastructures may include a union of their vertex (i.e. node, etc.) setsand their edge (i.e. connection, etc.) sets. Any other operations orcombination thereof on graphs or graph-like data structures can beutilized to combine Graphs 530 b or graph-like data structures. In afurther example, one Knowledgebase 530 can be combined with anotherKnowledgebase 530 through later described learning processes whereKnowledge Cells 800 may be applied one at a time and connected withprior and/or subsequent Knowledge Cells 800 such as in Graph 530 b orNeural Network 530 a. In such embodiments, instead of Knowledge Cells800 generated by Knowledge Structuring Unit 520, the learning processmay utilize Knowledge Cells 800 from one Knowledgebase 530 to apply themonto another Knowledgebase 530. Any other techniques known in artincluding custom techniques for combining data structures can beutilized for combining Knowledgebases 530 in alternate implementations.In any of the aforementioned and/or other combining techniques,similarity of elements (i.e. nodes/vertices, edges/connections, etc.)can be utilized in determining whether an element from one Knowledgebase530 matches an element from another Knowledgebase 530, and substantiallyor otherwise similar elements may be considered a match for combiningpurposes in some designs. Any features, functionalities, and embodimentsof Similarity Comparison 125 (later described) can be used in suchsimilarity determinations. A combined Knowledgebase 530 can be offeredas a network service (i.e. online application, etc.), downloadable file,or other repository to all VSAOO Units 100 configured to utilize thecombined Knowledgebase 530. For example, a player (i.e. User 50, etc.)of a computer game (i.e. Application Program 18, etc.) interfaced withVSAOO Unit 100 having access to a combined Knowledgebase 530 can use acollective knowledge for Object's 180 operation in various visualsurroundings learned from multiple players (i.e. Users 50, etc.) forautonomous operating of one or more Objects 180 that the player may becharged with controlling or operating.

Referring to FIG. 14, the disclosed artificially intelligent systems,devices, and methods for learning and/or using visual surrounding forautonomous object operation may include various artificial intelligencemodels and/or techniques. The disclosed systems, devices, and methodsare independent of the artificial intelligence model and/or techniqueused and any model and/or technique can be utilized to facilitate thefunctionalities described herein. Examples of these models and/ortechniques include deep learning, supervised learning, unsupervisedlearning, neural networks (i.e. convolutional neural network, recurrentneural network, deep neural network, etc.), search-based, logic and/orfuzzy logic-based, optimization-based, tree/graph/other datastructure-based, hierarchical, symbolic and/or sub-symbolic,evolutionary, genetic, multi-agent, deterministic, probabilistic,statistical, and/or other models and/or techniques.

In one example shown in Model A, the disclosed artificially intelligentsystems, devices, and methods for learning and/or using visualsurrounding for autonomous object operation may include a neural network(also referred to as artificial neural network, etc.). As such, machinelearning, knowledge structuring or representation, decision making,pattern recognition, and/or other artificial intelligencefunctionalities may include a network of Nodes 852 (also referred to asneurons, etc.) and Connections 853 similar to that of a brain. Node 852can store any data, object, data structure, and/or other item, orreference thereto. Node 852 may also include a function for transformingor manipulating any data, object, data structure, and/or other item.Examples of such transformation functions include mathematical functions(i.e. addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, sin, cos, log,derivative, integral, etc.), object manipulation functions (i.e.creating an object, modifying an object, deleting an object, appendingobjects, etc.), data structure manipulation functions (i.e. creating adata structure, modifying a data structure, deleting a data structure,creating a data field, modifying a data field, deleting a data field,etc.), and/or other transformation functions. Connection 853 may includeor be associated with a value such as a symbolic label or numericattribute (i.e. weight, cost, capacity, length, etc.). A computationalmodel can be utilized to compute values from inputs based on apre-programmed or learned function or method. For example, a neuralnetwork may include one or more input neurons that can be activated byinputs. Activations of these neurons can then be passed on, weighted,and transformed by a function to other neurons. Neural networks mayrange from those with only one layer of single direction logic tomulti-layer of multi-directional feedback loops. A neural network canuse weights to change the parameters of the network's throughput. Aneural network can learn by input from its environment or fromself-teaching using written-in rules. A neural network can be utilizedas a predictive modeling approach in machine learning. An exemplaryembodiment of a neural network (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, etc.) isdescribed later.

In another example shown in Model B, the disclosed artificiallyintelligent systems, devices, and methods for learning and/or usingvisual surrounding for autonomous object operation may include a graphor graph-like data structure. As such, machine learning, knowledgestructuring or representation, decision making, pattern recognition,and/or other artificial intelligence functionalities may include Nodes852 (also referred to as vertices or points, etc.) and Connections 853(also referred to as edges, arrows, lines, arcs, etc.) organized as agraph. In general, any Node 852 in a graph can be connected to any otherNode 852. A Connection 853 may include unordered pair of Nodes 852 in anundirected graph or ordered pair of Nodes 852 in a directed graph. Nodes852 can be part of the graph structure or external entities representedby indices or references. A graph can be utilized as a predictivemodeling approach in machine learning. Nodes 852, Connections 853,and/or other elements or operations of a graph may include any features,functionalities, and embodiments of the aforementioned Nodes 852,Connections 853, and/or other elements or operations of a neuralnetwork, and vice versa. An exemplary embodiment of a graph (i.e. Graph530 b, etc.) is described later.

In a further example shown in Model C, the disclosed artificiallyintelligent systems, devices, and methods for learning and/or usingvisual surrounding for autonomous object operation may include a tree ortree-like data structure. As such, machine learning, knowledgestructuring or representation, decision making, pattern recognition,and/or other artificial intelligence functionalities may include Nodes852 and Connections 853 (also referred to as references, edges, etc.)organized as a tree. In general, a Node 852 in a tree can be connectedto any number (i.e. including zero, etc.) of children Nodes 852. A treecan be utilized as a predictive modeling approach in machine learning.Nodes 852, Connections 853, and/or other elements or operations of atree may include any features, functionalities, and embodiments of theaforementioned Nodes 852, Connections 853, and/or other elements oroperations of a neural network and/or graph, and vice versa.

In a further example shown in Model D, the disclosed artificiallyintelligent systems, devices, and methods for learning and/or usingvisual surrounding for autonomous object operation may include asequence or sequence-like data structure. As such, machine learning,knowledge structuring or representation, decision making, patternrecognition, and/or other artificial intelligence functionalities mayinclude a structure of Nodes 852 and/or Connections 853 organized as asequence. In some aspects, Connections 853 may be optionally omittedfrom a sequence as the sequential order of Nodes 852 in a sequence maybe implied in the structure. A sequence can be utilized as a predictivemodeling approach in machine learning. Nodes 852, Connections 853,and/or other elements or operations of a sequence may include anyfeatures, functionalities, and embodiments of the aforementioned Nodes852, Connections 853, and/or other elements or operations of a neuralnetwork, graph, and/or tree, and vice versa. An exemplary embodiment ofa sequence (i.e. Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, etc.) isdescribed later.

In yet another example, the disclosed artificially intelligent systems,devices, and methods for learning and/or using visual surrounding forautonomous object operation may include a search-based model and/ortechnique. As such, machine learning, knowledge structuring orrepresentation, decision making, pattern recognition, and/or otherartificial intelligence functionalities may include searching through acollection of possible solutions. For example, a search method cansearch through a neural network, graph, tree, sequence, or other datastructure that includes data elements of interest. A search may useheuristics to limit the search for solutions by eliminating choices thatare unlikely to lead to the goal. Heuristic techniques may provide abest guess solution. A search can also include optimization. Forexample, a search may begin with a guess and then refine the guessincrementally until no more refinements can be made. In a furtherexample, the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may includelogic-based model and/or technique. As such, machine learning, knowledgestructuring or representation, decision making, pattern recognition,and/or other artificial intelligence functionalities can use formal orother type of logic. Logic based models may involve making inferences orderiving conclusions from a set of premises. As such, a logic basedsystem can extend existing knowledge or create new knowledgeautomatically using inferences. Examples of the types of logic that canbe utilized include propositional or sentential logic that compriseslogic of statements which can be true or false; first-order logic thatallows the use of quantifiers and predicates and that can express factsabout objects, their properties, and their relations with each other;fuzzy logic that allows degrees of truth to be represented as a valuebetween 0 and 1 rather than simply 0 (false) or 1 (true), which can beused for uncertain reasoning; subjective logic that comprises a type ofprobabilistic logic that may take uncertainty and belief into account,which can be suitable for modeling and analyzing situations involvinguncertainty, incomplete knowledge and different world views; and/orother types of logic. In a further example, the disclosed systems,devices, and methods may include a probabilistic model and/or technique.As such, machine learning, knowledge structuring or representation,decision making, pattern recognition, and/or other artificialintelligence functionalities can be implemented to operate withincomplete or uncertain information where probabilities may affectoutcomes. Bayesian network, among other models, is an example of aprobabilistic tool used for purposes such as reasoning, learning,planning, perception, and/or others. One of ordinary skill in art willunderstand that the aforementioned artificial intelligence models and/ortechniques are described merely as examples of a variety of possibleimplementations, and that while all possible artificial intelligencemodels and/or techniques are too voluminous to describe, otherartificial intelligence models and/or techniques known in art are withinthe scope of this disclosure. One of ordinary skill in art will alsorecognize that an intelligent system may solve a specific problem byusing any model and/or technique that works such as, for example, somesystems can be symbolic and logical, some can be sub-symbolic neuralnetworks, some can be deterministic or probabilistic, some can behierarchical, some may include searching techniques, some may includeoptimization techniques, while others may use other or a combination ofmodels and/or techniques. In general, any artificial intelligence modeland/or technique can be utilized that can facilitate the functionalitiesdescribed herein.

Referring to FIGS. 15A-15C, embodiments of interconnected KnowledgeCells 800 and updating weights of Connections 853 are illustrated. Asshown for example in FIG. 15A, Knowledge Cell 800 za is connected toKnowledge Cell 800 zb and Knowledge Cell 800 zc by Connection 853 z 1and Connection 853 z 2, respectively. Each of Connection 853 z 1 andConnection 853 z 2 may include or be associated with occurrence count,weight, and/or other parameter or data. The number of occurrences maytrack or store the number of observations that a Knowledge Cell 800 wasfollowed by another Knowledge Cell 800 indicating a connection orrelationship between them. For example, Knowledge Cell 800 za wasfollowed by Knowledge Cell 800 zb 10 times as indicated by the number ofoccurrences of Connection 853 z 1. Also, Knowledge Cell 800 za wasfollowed by Knowledge Cell 800 zc 15 times as indicated by the number ofoccurrences of Connection 853 z 2. The weight of Connection 853 z 1 canbe calculated or determined as the number of occurrences of Connection853 z 1 divided by the sum of occurrences of all connections (i.e.Connection 853 z 1 and Connection 853 z 2, etc.) originating fromKnowledge Cell 800 za. Therefore, the weight of Connection 853 z 1 canbe calculated or determined as 10/(10+15)=0.4, for example. Also, theweight of Connection 853 z 2 can be calculated or determined as15/(10+15)=0.6, for example. Therefore, the sum of weights of Connection853 z 1, Connection 853 z 2, and/or any other Connections 853originating from Knowledge Cell 800 za may equal to 1 or 100%. As shownfor example in FIG. 15B, in the case that Knowledge Cell 800 zd isinserted and an observation is made that Knowledge Cell 800 zd followsKnowledge Cell 800 za, Connection 853 z 3 can be created betweenKnowledge Cell 800 za and Knowledge Cell 800 zd. The occurrence count ofConnection 853 z 3 can be set to 1 and weight determined as1/(10+15+1)=0.038. The weights of all other connections (i.e. Connection853 z 1, Connection 853 z 2, etc.) originating from Knowledge Cell 800za may be updated to account for the creation of Connection 853 z 3.Therefore, the weight of Connection 853 z 1 can be updated as10/(10+15+1)=0.385. The weight of Connection 853 z 2 can also be updatedas 15/(10+15+1)=0.577. As shown for example in FIG. 15C, in the casethat an additional occurrence of Connection 853 z 1 is observed (i.e.Knowledge Cell 800 zb followed Knowledge Cell 800 za, etc.), occurrencecount of Connection 853 z 1 and weights of all connections (i.e.Connection 853 z 1, Connection 853 z 2, and Connection 853 z 3, etc.)originating from Knowledge Cell 800 za may be updated to account forthis observation. The occurrence count of Connection 853 z 1 can beincreased by 1 and its weight updated as 11/(11+15+1)=0.407. The weightof Connection 853 z 2 can also be updated as 15/(11+15+1)=0.556. Theweight of Connection 853 z 3 can also be updated as 1/(11+15+1)=0.037.

Referring to FIG. 16, an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d is illustrated. Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 dcomprises the functionality for storing any number of Knowledge Cells800. In some aspects, Knowledge Cells 800 may be stored into or appliedonto Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d in a learning or trainingprocess. In effect, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d may storeKnowledge Cells 800 that can later be used to enable autonomous Object180 operation. In some embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520structures or generates Knowledge Cells 800 as previously described andthe system applies them onto Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d,thereby implementing learning Object's 180 operation in various visualsurroundings. The term apply or applying may refer to storing, copying,inserting, updating, or other similar action, therefore, these terms maybe used interchangeably herein depending on context. The system canperform Similarity Comparisons 125 (later described) of a newlystructured Knowledge Cell 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 withKnowledge Cells 800 in Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. If asubstantially similar Knowledge Cell 800 is not found in Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d, the system may insert (i.e. copy, store, etc.)the Knowledge Cell 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 intoCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, for example. On the other hand, ifa substantially similar Knowledge Cell 800 is found in Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d, the system may optionally omit inserting theKnowledge Cell 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 as inserting asubstantially similar Knowledge Cell 800 may not add much or anyadditional knowledge to the Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, forexample. Also, inserting a substantially similar Knowledge Cell 800 canoptionally be omitted to save storage resources and limit the number ofKnowledge Cells 800 that may later need to be processed or compared. Anyfeatures, functionalities, and embodiments of Similarity Comparison 125,importance index (later described), similarity index (later described),and/or other disclosed elements can be utilized to facilitatedetermination of substantial or other similarity and whether to insert anewly structured Knowledge Cell 800 into Collection of Knowledge Cells530 d.

For example, the system can perform Similarity Comparisons 125 (laterdescribed) of Knowledge Cell 800 ba from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520with Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. In thecase that a substantially similar match is found between Knowledge Cell800 ba and any of the Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d, the system may perform no action. The system can thenperform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bb fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d. In the case that a substantially similar match isnot found, the system may insert a new Knowledge Cell 800 intoCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d and copy Knowledge Cell 800 bb intothe inserted new Knowledge Cell 800. The system can then performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bc from KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d. In the case that a substantially similar match is foundbetween Knowledge Cell 800 bc and any of the Knowledge Cells 800 inCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, the system may perform no action.The system can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell800 bd from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 inCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. In the case that a substantiallysimilar match is not found, the system may insert a new Knowledge Cell800 into Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d and copy Knowledge Cell 800bd into the inserted new Knowledge Cell 800. The system can then performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 be from KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d. In the case that a substantially similar match is notfound, the system may insert a new Knowledge Cell 800 into Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d and copy Knowledge Cell 800 be into the insertednew Knowledge Cell 800. Applying any additional Knowledge Cells 800 fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 onto Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 dfollows similar logic or process as the above-described.

Referring to FIG. 17, an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Neural Network 530 a isillustrated. Neural Network 530 a includes a number of neurons or Nodes852 interconnected by Connections 853 as previously described. KnowledgeCells 800 are shown instead of Nodes 852 to simplify the illustration asNode 852 includes a Knowledge Cell 800, for example. Therefore,Knowledge Cells 800 and Nodes 852 can be used interchangeably hereindepending on context. It should be noted that Node 852 may include otherelements and/or functionalities instead of or in addition to KnowledgeCell 800. In some aspects, Knowledge Cells 800 may be stored into orapplied onto Neural Network 530 a individually or collectively in alearning or training process. In some designs, Neural Network 530 acomprises a number of Layers 854 each of which may include one or moreKnowledge Cells 800. Knowledge Cells 800 in successive Layers 854 can beconnected by Connections 853. Connection 853 may include or beassociated with occurrence count, weight, and/or other parameter or dataas previously described. Neural Network 530 a may include any number ofLayers 854 comprising any number of Knowledge Cells 800. In someaspects, Neural Network 530 a may store Knowledge Cells 800interconnected by Connections 853 where following a path through theNeural Network 530 a can later be used to enable autonomous Object 180operation. It should be understood that, in some embodiments, KnowledgeCells 800 in one Layer 854 of Neural Network 530 a need not be connectedonly with Knowledge Cells 800 in a successive Layer 854, but also in anyother Layer 854, thereby creating shortcuts (i.e. shortcut Connections853, etc.) through Neural Network 530 a. A Knowledge Cell 800 can alsobe connected to itself such as, for example, in recurrent neuralnetworks. In general, any Knowledge Cell 800 can be connected with anyother Knowledge Cell 800 anywhere else in Neural Network 530 a. Infurther embodiments, back-propagation of any data or information can beimplemented. In one example, back-propagation of similarity (i.e.similarity index, etc.) of compared Knowledge Cells 800 in a paththrough Neural Network 530 a can be implemented. In another example,back-propagation of errors can be implemented. Such back-propagationscan then be used to adjust occurrence counts and/or weights ofConnections 853 for better future predictions, for example. Any otherback-propagation can be implemented for other purposes. Any combinationof Nodes 852 (i.e. Nodes 852 comprising Knowledge Cells 800, etc.),Connections 853, Layers 854, and/or other elements or techniques can beimplemented in alternate embodiments. Neural Network 530 a may includeany type or form of a neural network known in art such as a feed-forwardneural network, a back-propagating neural network, a recurrent neuralnetwork, a convolutional neural network, deep neural network, and/orothers including a custom neural network.

In some embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 structures orgenerates Knowledge Cells 800 and the system applies them onto NeuralNetwork 530 a, thereby implementing learning Object's 180 operation invarious visual surroundings. The system can perform SimilarityComparisons 125 (later described) of a Knowledge Cell 800 from KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in a corresponding Layer854 of Neural Network 530 a. If a substantially similar Knowledge Cell800 is not found in the corresponding Layer 854 of Neural Network 530 a,the system may insert (i.e. copy, store, etc.) the Knowledge Cell 800from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 into the corresponding Layer 854 ofNeural Network 530 a, and create a Connection 853 to the insertedKnowledge Cell 800 from a Knowledge Cell 800 in a prior Layer 854including assigning an occurrence count to the new Connection 853,calculating a weight of the new Connection 853, and updating any otherConnections 853 originating from the Knowledge Cell 800 in the priorLayer 854. On the other hand, if a substantially similar Knowledge Cell800 is found in the corresponding Layer 854 of Neural Network 530 a, thesystem may update occurrence count and weight of Connection 853 to thatKnowledge Cell 800 from a Knowledge Cell 800 in a prior Layer 854, andupdate any other Connections 853 originating from the Knowledge Cell 800in the prior Layer 854.

For example, the system can perform Similarity Comparisons 125 (laterdescribed) of Knowledge Cell 800 ba from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520with Knowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 a of Neural Network 530 a. In thecase that a substantially similar match is found between Knowledge Cell800 ba and Knowledge Cell 800 ea, the system may perform no action sinceKnowledge Cell 800 ea is the initial Knowledge Cell 800. The system canthen perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bb fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 bof Neural Network 530 a. In the case that a substantially similar matchis found between Knowledge Cell 800 bb and Knowledge Cell 800 eb, thesystem may update occurrence count and weight of Connection 853 e 1between Knowledge Cell 800 ea and Knowledge Cell 800 eb, and updateweights of other Connections 853 originating from Knowledge Cell 800 eaas previously described. The system can then perform SimilarityComparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bc from Knowledge Structuring Unit520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 c of Neural Network 530 a. Inthe case that a substantially similar match is not found, the system mayinsert Knowledge Cell 800 ec into Layer 854 c and copy Knowledge Cell800 bc into the inserted Knowledge Cell 800 ec. The system may alsocreate Connection 853 e 2 between Knowledge Cell 800 eb and KnowledgeCell 800 ec with occurrence count of 1 and weight calculated based onthe occurrence count as previously described. The system may also updateweights of other Connections 853 (one in this example) originating fromKnowledge Cell 800 eb as previously described. The system can thenperform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bd fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 dof Neural Network 530 a. In the case that a substantially similar matchis not found, the system may insert Knowledge Cell 800 ed into Layer 854d and copy Knowledge Cell 800 bd into the inserted Knowledge Cell 800ed. The system may also create Connection 853 e 3 between Knowledge Cell800 ec and Knowledge Cell 800 ed with occurrence count of 1 and weightof 1. The system can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofKnowledge Cell 800 be from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with KnowledgeCells 800 in Layer 854 e of Neural Network 530 a. In the case that asubstantially similar match is not found, the system may insertKnowledge Cell 800 ee into Layer 854 e and copy Knowledge Cell 800 beinto the inserted Knowledge Cell 800 ee. The system may also createConnection 853 e 4 between Knowledge Cell 800 ed and Knowledge Cell 800ee with occurrence count of 1 and weight of 1. Applying any additionalKnowledge Cells 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 onto NeuralNetwork 530 a follows similar logic or process as the above-described.

Similarity Comparison 125 comprises the functionality for comparing ormatching Knowledge Cells 800 or portions thereof, and/or otherfunctionalities. Similarity Comparison 125 comprises the functionalityfor comparing or matching Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof.Similarity Comparison 125 comprises the functionality for comparing ormatching streams of Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof. SimilarityComparison 125 comprises the functionality for comparing or matchingInstruction Sets 526, Extra Info 527, text (i.e. characters, words,phrases, etc.), pictures, sounds, data, and/or other elements orportions thereof. Similarity Comparison 125 may include functions,rules, and/or logic for performing matching or comparisons and fordetermining that while a perfect match is not found, a similar orpartial match has been found. In some aspects, Similarity Comparison 125may include determining substantial similarity or substantial match ofcompared elements. In other aspects, a partial match may include asubstantial or otherwise similar match, and vice versa. Although,substantial similarity or substantial match is frequently used herein,it should be understood that any level of similarity, however high orlow, may be utilized as defined by the rules (i.e. thresholds, etc.) forsimilarity. The rules for similarity or similar match can be defined bya user, by VSAOO system administrator, or automatically by the systembased on experience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or othertechniques, knowledge, or input. In some designs, Similarity Comparison125 comprises the functionality to automatically define appropriatelystrict rules for determining similarity of the compared elements.Similarity Comparison 125 can therefore set, reset, and/or adjust thestrictness of the rules for finding or determining similarity of thecompared elements, thereby fine tuning Similarity Comparison 125 so thatthe rules for determining similarity are appropriately strict. In someaspects, the rules for determining similarity may include a similaritythreshold. As such, Similarity Comparison 125 can determine similarityof compared elements if their similarity exceeds a similarity threshold.In other aspects, the rules for determining similarity may include adifference threshold. As such, Similarity Comparison 125 can determinesimilarity of compared elements if their difference is lower than adifference threshold. In further aspects, the rules for determiningsimilarity may include other thresholds.

In some embodiments, in determining similarity of Knowledge Cells 800,Similarity Comparison 125 can compare one or more Digital Pictures 525or portions (i.e. regions, features, pixels, etc.) thereof from oneKnowledge Cell 800 with one or more Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from another Knowledge Cell 800. In some aspects, totalequivalence is achieved when all Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof of the compared Knowledge Cells 800 match. If total equivalenceis not found, Similarity Comparison 125 may attempt to determinesubstantial or other similarity. Any features, functionalities, andembodiments of the previously described Picture Recognizer 350 can beused in determining such substantial similarity.

In some embodiments where compared Knowledge Cells 800 include a singleDigital Picture 525, Similarity Comparison 125 can compare DigitalPicture 525 from one Knowledge Cell 800 with Digital Picture 525 fromanother Knowledge Cell 800 using comparison techniques for individualpictures described below. In some embodiments where compared KnowledgeCells 800 include streams of Digital Pictures 525 (i.e. motion pictures,videos, etc.), Similarity Comparison 125 can compare a stream of DigitalPictures 525 from one Knowledge Cell 800 with a stream of DigitalPictures 525 from another Knowledge Cell 800. Such comparison mayinclude comparing Digital Pictures 525 from one Knowledge Cell 800 withcorresponding (i.e. similarly positioned, temporally related, etc.)Digital Pictures 525 from another Knowledge Cell 800. In one example, a67^(th) Digital Picture 525 from one Knowledge Cell 800 can be comparedwith a 67^(th) Digital Picture 525 from another Knowledge Cell 800. Inanother example, a 67^(th) Digital Picture 525 from one Knowledge Cell800 can be compared with a number of Digital Picture 525 around (i.e.preceding and/or following) a 67^(th) Digital Picture 525 from anotherKnowledge Cell 800. This way, flexibility can be implemented in findinga substantially similar Digital Picture 525 if the Digital Pictures 525in the compared Knowledge Cells 800 are not perfectly aligned. In otheraspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can utilize Dynamic Time Warping(DTW) and/or other techniques know in art for comparing and/or aligningtemporal sequences (i.e. streams of Digital Pictures 525, etc.) that mayvary in time or speed. Once the corresponding (i.e. similarlypositioned, temporally related, time warped/aligned, etc.) DigitalPictures 525 in the compared streams of Digital Pictures 525 arecompared and their substantial similarity determined using comparisontechniques for individual pictures described below, SimilarityComparison 125 can utilize a threshold for the number or percentage ofmatching or substantially matching Digital Pictures 525 for determiningsubstantial similarity of the compared Knowledge Cells 800. In someaspects, substantial similarity can be achieved when most of the DigitalPictures 525 or portions (i.e. regions, features, pixels, etc.) thereofof the compared Knowledge Cells 800 match or substantially match. Inother aspects, substantial similarity can be achieved when at least athreshold number or percentage of Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof of the compared Knowledge Cells 800 match or substantiallymatch. Similarly, substantial similarity can be achieved when a numberor percentage of matching or substantially matching Digital Pictures 525or portions thereof of the compared Knowledge Cells 800 exceeds athreshold. In further aspects, substantial similarity can be achievedwhen all but a threshold number or percentage of Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof of the compared Knowledge Cells 800 match orsubstantially match. Such thresholds can be defined by a user, by VSAOOsystem administrator, or automatically by the system based onexperience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or other techniques,knowledge, or input. In one example, substantial similarity can beachieved when at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or any other threshold number ofDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof of the compared Knowledge Cells800 match or substantially match. Similarly, substantial similarity canbe achieved when the number of matching or substantially matchingDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof of the compared Knowledge Cells800 exceeds 1, 2, 3, 4, or any other threshold number. In anotherexample, substantial similarity can be achieved when at least 10%, 21%,30%, 49%, 66%, 89%, 93%, or any other percentage of Digital Pictures 525or portions thereof of the compared Knowledge Cells 800 match orsubstantially match. Similarly, substantial similarity can be achievedwhen the percentage of matching or substantially matching DigitalPictures 525 or portions thereof of the compared Knowledge Cells 800exceeds 10%, 21%, 30%, 49%, 66%, 89%, 93%, or any other thresholdpercentage. In other embodiments, substantial similarity of the comparedKnowledge Cells 800 can be achieved in terms of matches or substantialmatches in more important (i.e. as indicated by importance index [laterdescribed], etc.) Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof, therebytolerating mismatches in less important Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof. In one example, substantial similarity can be achieved whenmatches or substantial matches are found with respect to moresubstantive Digital Pictures 525 (i.e. pictures comprising content ofinterest [i.e. persons, objects, etc.], etc.) or portions thereof of thecompared Knowledge Cells 800, thereby tolerating mismatches in lesssubstantive Digital Pictures 525 (i.e. pictures comprising background,insignificant content, etc.) or portions thereof. In another example,substantial similarity can be achieved when matches or substantialmatches are found in earlier Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof ofthe compared Knowledge Cells 800, thereby tolerating mismatches in laterDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof. In general, any importance orweight can be assigned to any Digital Picture 525 or portion thereof,and/or other elements. In some designs, Similarity Comparison 125 can beconfigured to omit any Digital Picture 525 or portion thereof from thecomparison. In one example, less substantive Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof can be omitted. In another example, some or all DigitalPictures 525 or portions thereof related to a specific time period canbe omitted. In a further example, later Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof can be omitted. In further embodiments, substantial similaritycan be achieved taking into account the number of Digital Pictures 525of the compared Knowledge Cells 800. For example, substantial similaritycan be achieved if the number, in addition to the content, of DigitalPictures 525 of the compared Knowledge Cells 800 match or substantiallymatch. In further embodiments, substantial similarity can be achievedtaking into account the objects detected within Digital Pictures 525and/or other features of Digital Pictures 525 of the compared KnowledgeCells 800. For example, substantial similarity can be achieved if sameor similar objects are detected in Digital Pictures 525 of the comparedKnowledge Cells 800. Any features, functionalities, and embodiments ofPicture Recognizer 350 can be used in such detection. In some aspects,Similarity Comparison 125 can compare the number, objects detected,and/or other features of Digital Pictures 525 as an initial check beforeproceeding to further detailed comparisons.

Similarity Comparison 125 can automatically adjust (i.e. increase ordecrease) the strictness of the rules for determining substantialsimilarity of Knowledge Cells 800. In some aspects, such adjustment instrictness can be done by Similarity Comparison 125 in response todetermining that total equivalence of compared Knowledge Cells 800 hadnot been found. Similarity Comparison 125 can keep adjusting thestrictness of the rules until substantially similarity is found. All therules or settings of substantial similarity can be set, reset, oradjusted by Similarity Comparison 125 in response to another strictnesslevel determination. For example, Similarity Comparison 125 may attemptto find a match or substantial match in a certain percentage (i.e. 95%,etc.) of Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from the comparedKnowledge Cells 800. If the comparison does not determine substantialsimilarity of compared Knowledge Cells 800, Similarity Comparison 125may decide to decrease the strictness of the rules. In response,Similarity Comparison 125 may attempt to find fewer matching orsubstantially matching Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof than inthe previous attempt using stricter rules. If the comparison still doesnot determine substantial similarity of compared Knowledge Cells 800,Similarity Comparison 125 may further decrease (i.e. down to a certainminimum strictness or threshold, etc.) the strictness by requiring fewerDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof to match or substantiallymatch, thereby further increasing a chance of finding substantialsimilarity in compared Knowledge Cells 800. In further aspects, anadjustment in strictness can be done by Similarity Comparison 125 inresponse to determining that multiple substantially similar KnowledgeCells 800 had been found. Similarity Comparison 125 can keep adjustingthe strictness of the rules until a best of the substantially similarKnowledge Cells 800 is found. For example, Similarity Comparison 125 mayattempt to find a match or substantial match in a certain percentage(i.e. 70%, etc.) of Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from thecompared Knowledge Cells 800. If the comparison determines a number ofsubstantially similar Knowledge Cells 800, Similarity Comparison 125 maydecide to increase the strictness of the rules to decrease the number ofsubstantially similar Knowledge Cells 800. In response, SimilarityComparison 125 may attempt to find more matching or substantiallymatching Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof in addition to theearlier found Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof to limit thenumber of substantially similar Knowledge Cells 800. If the comparisonstill provides more than one substantially similar Knowledge Cell 800,Similarity Comparison 125 may further increase the strictness byrequiring additional Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof to matchor substantially match, thereby further narrowing the number ofsubstantially similar Knowledge Cells 800 until a best substantiallysimilar Knowledge Cells 800 is found.

In some embodiments, in determining substantial similarity of individualDigital Pictures 525 (i.e. Digital Pictures 525 from the comparedKnowledge Cells 800, etc.), Similarity Comparison 125 can compare one ormore regions of one Digital Picture 525 with one or more regions ofanother Digital Picture 525. A region may include a collection ofpixels. In some aspects, a region may include detected or recognizedcontent of interest such as an object or person. Such region may bedetected using any features, functionalities, and embodiments of PictureRecognizer 350. In other aspects, a region may include content definedusing a picture segmentation technique. Examples of picture segmentationtechniques include thresholding, clustering, region-growing, edgedetection, curve propagation, level sets, graph partitioning,model-based segmentation, trainable segmentation (i.e. artificial neuralnetworks, etc.), and/or others. In further aspects, a region may includecontent defined using any technique. In further aspects, a region mayinclude any arbitrary region comprising any arbitrary content. Onceregions of the compared Digital Pictures 525 are known, SimilarityComparison 125 can compare the regions to determine substantialsimilarity of the compared Digital Pictures 525. In some aspects, totalequivalence is found when all regions of one Digital Picture 525 matchall regions of another Digital Picture 525. In other aspects, if totalequivalence is not found, Similarity Comparison 125 may attempt todetermine substantial similarity of compared Digital Pictures 525. Inone example, substantial similarity can be achieved when most of theregions of the compared Digital Picture 525 match or substantiallymatch. In another example, substantial similarity can be achieved whenat least a threshold number (i.e. 1, 2, 5, 11, 39, etc.) or percentage(i.e. 38%, 63%, 77%, 84%, 98%, etc.) of regions of the compared DigitalPictures 525 match or substantially match. Similarly, substantialsimilarity can be achieved when the number or percentage of matching orsubstantially matching regions of the compared Digital Pictures 525exceeds a threshold number (i.e. 1, 2, 5, 11, 39, etc.) or a thresholdpercentage (i.e. 48%, 63%, 77%, 84%, 98%, etc.). In a further example,substantial similarity can be achieved when all but a threshold numberor percentage of regions of the compared Digital Pictures 525 match orsubstantially match. Such thresholds can be defined by a user, by VSAOOsystem administrator, or automatically by the system based onexperience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, and/or othertechniques, knowledge, or input. In further aspects, SimilarityComparison 125 can utilize the type of regions for determiningsubstantial similarity of Digital Pictures 525. For example, substantialsimilarity can be achieved when matches or substantial matches are foundwith respect to more substantive, larger, and/or other regions, therebytolerating mismatches in less substantive, smaller, and/or otherregions. In further aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can utilize theimportance (i.e. as indicated by importance index [later described],etc.) of regions for determining substantial similarity of DigitalPictures 525. For example, substantial similarity can be achieved whenmatches or substantial matches are found with respect to more importantregions such as the above described more substantive, larger, and/orother regions, thereby tolerating mismatches in less important regionssuch as less substantive, smaller, and/or other regions. In furtheraspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can omit some of the regions from thecomparison in determining substantial similarity of Digital Pictures525. In one example, isolated regions can be omitted from comparison. Inanother example, less substantive or smaller regions can be omitted fromcomparison. In general, any region can be omitted from comparison. Infurther aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can focus on certain regionsof interest from the compared Digital Pictures 525. For example,substantial similarity can be achieved when matches or substantialmatches are found with respect to regions comprising persons or parts(i.e. head, arm, leg, etc.) thereof, large objects, close objects,and/or other content of interest, thereby tolerating mismatches inregions comprising the background, insignificant content, and/or othercontent. In further aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can detect orrecognize persons or objects in the compared Digital Pictures 525 usingregions. Any features, functionalities, and embodiments of PictureRecognizer 350 can be used in such detection or recognition. Once aperson or object is detected in a Digital Picture 525, SimilarityComparison 125 may attempt to detect the person or object in thecompared Digital Picture 525. In one example, substantial similarity canbe achieved when the compared Digital Pictures 525 comprise one or moresame persons or objects. In another example concerning streams ofDigital Pictures 525, substantial similarity can be achieved when thecompared streams of Digital Pictures 525 comprise a detected person orobject in at least a threshold number or percentage of their pictures.

Similarity Comparison 125 can automatically adjust (i.e. increase ordecrease) the strictness of the rules for determining substantialsimilarity of Digital Pictures 525 using regions. In some aspects, suchadjustment in strictness can be done by Similarity Comparison 125 inresponse to determining that total equivalence of compared DigitalPictures 525 had not been found. Similarity Comparison 125 can keepadjusting the strictness rules until a substantial similarity is found.All the rules or settings of substantial similarity can be set, reset,or adjusted by Similarity Comparison 125 in response to anotherstrictness level determination. For example, Similarity Comparison 125may attempt to find a match or substantial match in a certain percentage(i.e. 74%, etc.) of regions from the compared Digital Pictures 525. Ifthe comparison does not determine substantial similarity of comparedDigital Pictures 525, Similarity Comparison 125 may decide to decreasethe strictness of the rules. In response, Similarity Comparison 125 mayattempt to find fewer matching or substantially matching regions than inthe previous attempt using stricter rules. If the comparison still doesnot determine substantial similarity of compared Digital Pictures 525,Similarity Comparison 125 may further decrease the strictness (i.e. downto a certain minimum strictness or threshold, etc.) by requiring fewerregions to match or substantially match, thereby further increasing achance of finding substantial similarity in compared Digital Pictures525.

Where a reference to a region is used herein it should be understoodthat a portion of a region or a collection of regions can be usedinstead of or in addition to the region. In one example, instead of orin addition to regions, individual pixels and/or features thatconstitute a region can be compared. In another example, instead of orin addition to regions, collections of regions can be compared. As such,any operations, rules, logic, and/or functions operating on regionssimilarly apply to any portion of a region and/or any collection ofregions. In general, whole regions, portions of a region, and/orcollections of regions, including any operations thereon, can becombined to arrive at desired results. Some or all of theabove-described rules, logic, and/or techniques can be utilized alone orin combination with each other or with other rules, logic, and/ortechniques. One of ordinary skill in art will recognize that othertechniques known in art for determining similarity of digital pictures,streams of digital pictures, and/or other data that would be toovoluminous to describe are within the scope of this disclosure.

In some embodiments, in determining substantial similarity of individualDigital Pictures 525 (i.e. Digital Pictures 525 from the comparedKnowledge Cells 800, etc.), Similarity Comparison 125 can compare one ormore features of one Digital Picture 525 with one or more features ofanother Digital Picture 525. A feature may include a collection ofpixels. Some of the steps or elements in a feature oriented techniqueinclude pre-processing, feature extraction, detection/segmentation,decision-making, and/or others, or a combination thereof, each of whichmay include its own sub-steps or sub-elements depending on theapplication. Examples of features that can be used include lines, edges,ridges, corners, blobs, and/or others. Examples of feature extractiontechniques include Canny, Sobe, Kayyali, Harris & Stephens et al, SUSAN,Level Curve Curvature, FAST, Laplacian of Gaussian, Difference ofGaussians, Determinant of Hessian, MSER, PCBR, Grey-level Blobs, and/orothers. Once features of the compared Digital Pictures 525 are known,Similarity Comparison 125 can compare the features to determinesubstantial similarity. In some aspects, total equivalence is found whenall features of one Digital Picture 525 match all features of anotherDigital Picture 525. In other aspects, if total equivalence is notfound, Similarity Comparison 125 may attempt to determine substantialsimilarity of compared Digital Pictures 525. In one example, substantialsimilarity can be achieved when most of the features of the comparedDigital Picture 525 match or substantially match. In another example,substantial similarity can be achieved when at least a threshold number(i.e. 3, 22, 47, 93, 128, 431, etc.) or percentage (i.e. 49%, 53%, 68%,72%, 95%, etc.) of features of the compared Digital Pictures 525 matchor substantially match. Similarly, substantial similarity can beachieved when the number or percentage of matching or substantiallymatching features of the compared Digital Pictures 525 exceeds athreshold number (i.e. 3, 22, 47, 93, 128, 431, etc.) or a thresholdpercentage (i.e. 49%, 53%, 68%, 72%, 95%, etc.). In a further example,substantial similarity can be achieved when all but a threshold numberor percentage of features of the compared Digital Pictures 525 match orsubstantially match. Such thresholds can be defined by a user, by VSAOOsystem administrator, or automatically by the system based onexperience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, and/or othertechniques, knowledge, or input. In further aspects, SimilarityComparison 125 can utilize the type of features for determiningsubstantial similarity of Digital Pictures 525. In one example,substantial similarity can be achieved when matches or substantialmatches are found with respect to edges, thereby tolerating mismatchesin blobs. In another example, substantial similarity can be achievedwhen matches or substantial matches are found with respect to moresubstantive, larger, and/or other features, thereby toleratingmismatches in less substantive, smaller, and/or other features. Infurther aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can utilize the importance(i.e. as indicated by importance index [later described], etc.) offeatures for determining substantial similarity of Digital Pictures 525.For example, substantial similarity can be achieved when matches orsubstantial matches are found with respect to more important featuressuch as the above described more substantive, larger, and/or otherfeatures, thereby tolerating mismatches in less important features suchas less substantive, smaller, and/or other features. In further aspects,Similarity Comparison 125 can omit some of the features from thecomparison in determining substantial similarity of Digital Pictures525. In one example, isolated features can be omitted from comparison.In another example, less substantive or smaller features can be omittedfrom comparison. In general, any feature can be omitted from comparison.In further aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 can focus on features incertain regions of interest of the compared Digital Pictures 525. Forexample, substantial similarity can be achieved when matches orsubstantial matches are found with respect to features in regionscomprising persons or parts (i.e. head, arm, leg, etc.) thereof, largeobjects, close objects, and/or other objects, thereby toleratingmismatches in features of regions comprising the background,insignificant content, and/or other regions. In further aspects,Similarity Comparison 125 can detect or recognize persons or objects inthe compared Digital Pictures 525. Any features, functionalities, andembodiments of Picture Recognizer 350 can be used in such detection orrecognition. Once a person or object is detected in a Digital Picture525, Similarity Comparison 125 may attempt to detect the person orobject in the compared Digital Picture 525. In one example, substantialsimilarity can be achieved when the compared Digital Pictures 525comprise one or more same persons or objects. In another exampleconcerning streams of Digital Pictures 525, substantial similarity canbe achieved when the compared streams of Digital Pictures 525 comprise adetected person or object in at least a threshold number or percentageof their pictures. In further aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 mayinclude identifying and/or analyzing tiled and/or overlapping features,which can then be combined (i.e. similar to some process steps inconvolutional neural networks, etc.) and compared to determinesubstantial similarity of Digital Pictures 525.

Similarity Comparison 125 can automatically adjust (i.e. increase ordecrease) the strictness of the rules for determining substantialsimilarity of Digital Pictures 525 using features. In some aspects, suchadjustment in strictness can be done by Similarity Comparison 125 inresponse to determining that total equivalence of compared DigitalPictures 525 had not been found. Similarity Comparison 125 can keepadjusting the strictness rules until a substantial similarity is found.All the rules or settings of substantial similarity can be set, reset,or adjusted by Similarity Comparison 125 in response to anotherstrictness level determination. For example, Similarity Comparison 125may attempt to find a match or substantial match in a certain percentage(i.e. 89%, etc.) of features from the compared Digital Pictures 525. Ifthe comparison does not determine substantial similarity of comparedDigital Pictures 525, Similarity Comparison 125 may decide to decreasethe strictness of the rules. In response, Similarity Comparison 125 mayattempt to find fewer matching or substantially matching features thanin the previous attempt using stricter rules. If the comparison stilldoes not determine substantial similarity of compared Digital Pictures525, Similarity Comparison 125 may further decrease the strictness (i.e.down to a certain minimum strictness or threshold, etc.) by requiringfewer features to match or substantially match, thereby furtherincreasing a chance of finding substantial similarity in comparedDigital Pictures 525.

Where a reference to a feature is used herein it should be understoodthat a portion of a feature or a collection of features can be usedinstead of or in addition to the feature. In one example, instead of orin addition to features, individual pixels that constitute a feature canbe compared. In another example, instead of or in addition to features,collections of features can be compared. In a further example, levels offeatures where a feature on one level includes one or more features fromanother level (i.e. prior level, etc.) can be compared. As such, anyoperations, rules, logic, and/or functions operating on featuressimilarly apply to any portion of a feature and/or any collection offeatures. In general, whole features, portions of a feature, and/orcollections of features, including any operations thereon, can becombined to arrive at desired results. Some or all of theabove-described rules, logic, and/or techniques can be utilized alone orin combination with each other or with other rules, logic, and/ortechniques. One of ordinary skill in art will recognize that othertechniques known in art for determining similarity of digital pictures,streams of digital pictures, and/or other data that would be toovoluminous to describe are within the scope of this disclosure.

In some embodiments, in determining substantial similarity of individualDigital Pictures 525 (i.e. Digital Pictures 525 from the comparedKnowledge Cells 800, etc.), Similarity Comparison 125 can compare pixelsof one Digital Picture 525 with pixels of another Digital Picture 525.In some aspects, total equivalence is found when all pixels of oneDigital Picture 525 match all pixels of another Digital Picture 525. Inother aspects, if total equivalence is not found, Similarity Comparison125 may attempt to determine substantial similarity. In one example,substantial similarity can be achieved when most of the pixels from thecompared Digital Pictures 525 match or substantially match. In anotherexample, substantial similarity can be achieved when at least athreshold number (i.e. 449, 2219, 92229, 442990, 1000028, etc.) orpercentage (i.e. 39%, 45%, 58%, 72%, 92%, etc.) of pixels from thecompared Digital Pictures 525 match or substantially match. Similarly,substantial similarity can be achieved when the number or percentage ofmatching or substantially matching pixels from the compared DigitalPictures 525 exceeds a threshold number (i.e. 449, 2219, 92229, 442990,1000028, etc.) or a threshold percentage (i.e. 39%, 45%, 58%, 72%, 92%,etc.). In a further example, substantial similarity can be achieved whenall but a threshold number or percentage of pixels from the comparedDigital Pictures 525 match or substantially match. Such thresholds canbe defined by a user, by VSAOO system administrator, or automatically bythe system based on experience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis,and/or other techniques, knowledge, or input. In further aspects,Similarity Comparison 125 can omit some of the pixels from thecomparison in determining substantial similarity of Digital Pictures525. In one example, pixels composing the background or anyinsignificant content can be omitted from comparison. In general, anypixel can be omitted from comparison. In further aspects, SimilarityComparison 125 can focus on pixels in certain regions of interest indetermining substantial similarity of Digital Pictures 525. For example,substantial similarity can be achieved when matches or substantialmatches are found with respect to pixels in regions comprising personsor parts (i.e. head, arm, leg, etc.) thereof, large objects, closeobjects, and/or other content of interest, thereby tolerating mismatchesin pixels in regions comprising the background, insignificant content,and/or other content.

Similarity Comparison 125 can automatically adjust (i.e. increase ordecrease) the strictness of the rules for determining substantialsimilarity of Digital Pictures 525 using pixels. In some aspects, suchadjustment in strictness can be done by Similarity Comparison 125 inresponse to determining that total equivalence of compared DigitalPictures 525 had not been found. Similarity Comparison 125 can keepadjusting the strictness rules until a substantial similarity is found.All the rules or settings of substantial similarity can be set, reset,or adjusted by Similarity Comparison 125 in response to anotherstrictness level determination. For example, Similarity Comparison 125may attempt to find a match or substantial match in a certain percentage(i.e. 77%, etc.) of pixels from the compared Digital Pictures 525. Ifthe comparison does not determine substantial similarity of comparedDigital Pictures 525, Similarity Comparison 125 may decide to decreasethe strictness of the rules. In response, Similarity Comparison 125 mayattempt to find fewer matching or substantially matching pixels than inthe previous attempt using stricter rules. If the comparison still doesnot determine substantial similarity of compared Digital Pictures 525,Similarity Comparison 125 may further decrease the strictness (i.e. downto a certain minimum strictness or threshold, etc.) by requiring fewerpixels to match or substantially match, thereby further increasing achance of finding substantial similarity in compared Digital Pictures525.

Where a reference to a pixel is used herein it should be understood thata collection of pixels can be used instead of or in addition to thepixel. For example, instead of or in addition to pixels, collections ofpixels can be compared. As such, any operations, rules, logic, and/orfunctions operating on pixels similarly apply to any collection ofpixels. In general, pixels and/or collections of pixels, including anyoperations thereon, can be combined to arrive at desired results. Someor all of the above-described rules, logic, and/or techniques can beutilized alone or in combination with each other or with other rules,logic, and/or techniques. Any of the previously described features,functionalities, and embodiments of Similarity Comparison 125 fordetermining substantial similarity of Digital Pictures 525 using regionsand/or features can similarly be used for pixels. One of ordinary skillin art will recognize that other techniques known in art for determiningsimilarity of digital pictures, streams of digital pictures, and/orother data that would be too voluminous to describe are within the scopeof this disclosure.

Other aspects or properties of digital pictures or pixels can be takeninto account by Similarity Comparison 125 in digital picturecomparisons. Examples of such aspects or properties include coloradjustment, size adjustment, content manipulation, transparency (i.e.alpha channel, etc.), use of mask, and/or others. In someimplementations, as digital pictures can be captured by various picturetaking equipment, in various environments, and under various lightingconditions, Similarity Comparison 125 can adjust lighting or color ofpixels or otherwise manipulate pixels before or during comparison.Lighting or color adjustment (also referred to as gray balance, neutralbalance, white balance, etc.) may generally include manipulating orrebalancing the intensities of the colors (i.e. red, green, and/or blueif RGB color model is used, etc.) of one or more pixels. For example,Similarity Comparison 125 can adjust lighting or color of all pixels ofone picture to make it more comparable to another picture. SimilarityComparison 125 can also incrementally adjust the pixels such asincreasing or decreasing the red, green, and/or blue pixel values by acertain amount in each cycle of comparisons in order to find asubstantially similar match at one of the incremental adjustment levels.Any of the publically available, custom, or other lighting or coloradjustment techniques or programs can be utilized such as color filters,color balancing, color correction, and/or others. In otherimplementations, Similarity Comparison 125 can resize or otherwisetransform a digital picture before or during comparison. Such resizingor transformation may include increasing or decreasing the number ofpixels of a digital picture. For example, Similarity Comparison 125 canincrease or decrease the size of a digital picture proportionally (i.e.increase or decrease length and/or width keeping aspect ratio constant,etc.) to equate its size with the size of another digital picture.Similarity Comparison 125 can also incrementally resize a digitalpicture such as increasing or decreasing the size of the digital pictureproportionally by a certain amount in each cycle of comparisons in orderto find a substantially similar match at one of the incremental sizes.Any of the publically available, custom, or other digital pictureresizing techniques or programs can be utilized such as nearest-neighborinterpolation, bilinear interpolation, bicubic interpolation, and/orothers. In further implementations, Similarity Comparison 125 canmanipulate content (i.e. all pixels, one or more regions, one or moredepicted objects/persons, etc.) of a digital picture before or duringcomparison. Such content manipulation may include moving, centering,aligning, resizing, transforming, and/or otherwise manipulating contentof a digital picture. For example, Similarity Comparison 125 can move,center, or align content of one picture to make it more comparable toanother picture. Any of the publically available, custom, or otherdigital picture manipulation techniques or programs can be utilized suchas pixel moving, warping, distorting, aforementioned interpolations,and/or others. In further implementations, in digital picturescomprising transparency features or functionalities, SimilarityComparison 125 can utilize a threshold for acceptable number orpercentage transparency difference similar to the below-describedthreshold for the acceptable color difference. Alternatively,transparency can be applied to one or more pixels of a digital pictureand color difference may then be determined between compared pixelstaking into account the transparency related color effect.Alternatively, transparent pixels can be excluded from comparison. Infurther implementations, certain regions or subsets of pixels can beignored or excluded during comparison using a mask. In general, anyregion or subset of a picture determined to contain no content ofinterest can be excluded from comparison using a mask. Examples of suchregions or subsets include background, transparent or partiallytransparent regions, regions comprising insignificant content, or anyarbitrary region or subset. Similarity Comparison 125 can perform anyother pre-processing or manipulation of digital pictures or pixelsbefore or during comparison.

In any of the comparisons involving digital pictures or pixels,Similarity Comparison 125 can utilize a threshold for acceptable numberor percentage difference in determining a match for each compared pixel.A pixel in a digital picture can be encoded using various techniquessuch as RGB (i.e. red, green, blue), CMYK (i.e. cyan, magenta, yellow,and key [black]), binary value, hexadecimal value, numeric value, and/orothers. For instance, in RGB color scheme, each of red, green, and bluecolors is encoded with a value 0-255 or its binary equivalent. In oneexample, a threshold for acceptable difference (i.e. absolutedifference, etc.) can be set at 10 for each of the three colors.Therefore, a pixel encoded as R130, G240, B50 matches or is sufficientlysimilar to a compared pixel encoded as R135, G231, B57 because thedifferences in all three colors fall within the acceptable differencethreshold (i.e. 10 in this example, etc.). Furthermore, a pixel encodedas R130, G240, B50 does not match or is not sufficiently similar to acompared pixel encoded as R143, G231, B57 because the difference in redvalue falls outside the acceptable difference threshold. Any othernumber threshold can be used such as 1, 3, 8, 15, 23, 77, 132, 197, 243,and/or others. A threshold for acceptable percentage difference cansimilarly be utilized such as 0.12%, 2%, 7%, 14%, 23%, 36%, 65%, and/orothers. In some aspects, a threshold for acceptable number or percentagedifference in red, green, and blue can be set to be different for eachcolor. A similar difference determination can be utilized in pixelsencoded in any other color scheme. The aforementioned thresholds can bedefined by a user, by VSAOO system administrator, or automatically bythe system based on experience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis,or other techniques, knowledge, or input.

In some embodiments, Similarity Comparison 125 can compare one or moreExtra Info 527 (i.e. time information, location information, computedinformation, observed information, acoustic information, contextualinformation, and/or other information, etc.) in addition to or insteadof comparing Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof in determiningsubstantial similarity of Knowledge Cells 800. Extra Info 527 can be setto be less, equally, or more important (i.e. as indicated by importanceindex [later described], etc.) than Digital Pictures 525, regions,features, pixels, and/or other elements in the comparison. Since ExtraInfo 527 may include any contextual or other information that can beuseful in determining similarity of any compared elements, Extra Info527 can be used to enhance any of the aforementioned similaritydeterminations.

In some embodiments, Similarity Comparison 125 can also compare one ormore Instruction Sets 526 in addition to or instead of comparing DigitalPictures 525 or portions thereof in determining substantial similarityof Knowledge Cells 800. In some aspects, Similarity Comparison 125 cancompare portions of Instruction Sets 526 to determine substantialsimilarity of Instruction Sets 526. Similar thresholds for the number orpercentage of matching portions of the compared Digital Pictures 525 canbe utilized in Instruction Set 526 comparisons. Such thresholds can bedefined by a user, by VSAOO system administrator, or automatically bythe system based on experience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis,and/or other techniques, knowledge, or input. In other aspects,Similarity Comparison 125 can compare text (i.e. character comparison,word/phrase search/comparison, semantic comparison, etc.) or other data(i.e. bit comparison, object or data structure comparison, etc.) todetermine substantial similarity of Instruction Sets 526. Any othercomparison technique can be utilized in comparing Instruction Sets 526in alternate implementations. Instruction Sets 526 can be set to beless, equally, or more important (i.e. as indicated by importance index[later described], etc.) than Digital Pictures 525, regions, features,pixels, Extra Info 527, and/or other elements in the comparison.

In some embodiments, an importance index (not shown) or other importanceranking technique can be used in any of the previously describedcomparisons or other processing involving elements of differentimportance. Importance index indicates importance of the element to orwith which the index is assigned or associated. For example, importanceindex may indicate importance of a Knowledge Cell 800, Digital Picture525, Instruction Set 526, Extra Info 527, region, feature, and/or otherelement to or with which the index is assigned or associated. In someaspects, importance index on a scale from 0 to 1 can be utilized,although, any other range can also be utilized. Importance index can bestored in or associated with the element to which the index pertains.Association of importance indexes can be implemented using a table whereone column comprises elements and another column comprises theirassociated importance indexes, for example. Importance indexes ofvarious elements can be defined by a user, by VSAOO systemadministrator, or automatically by the system based on experience,testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or other techniques, knowledge,or input. In one example, a higher Importance index can be assigned tomore substantive Digital Pictures 525 (i.e. pictures comprising contentof interest [i.e. persons, objects, etc.], etc.). In another example, ahigher importance index can be assigned to Digital Pictures 525 that arecorrelated with Instruction Sets 526. Any importance index can beassigned to or associated with any element described herein. Anyimportance ranking technique can be utilized as or instead of importanceindex in alternate embodiments.

In some embodiments, Similarity Comparison 125 may generate a similarityindex (not shown) for any compared elements. Similarity index indicateshow well an element is matched with another element. For example,similarity index indicates how well a Knowledge Cell 800, DigitalPicture 527, Instruction Set 526, Extra Info 527, region, feature,and/or other element is matched with a compared element. In someaspects, similarity index on a scale from 0 to 1 can be utilized,although, any other range can also be utilized. Similarity index can begenerated by Similarity Comparison 125 whether substantial or othersimilarity between the compared elements is achieved or not. In oneexample, similarity index can be determined for a Knowledge Cell 800based on a ratio/percentage of matched or substantially matched DigitalPictures 525 relative to the number of Digital Pictures 525 in thecompared Knowledge Cell 800. Specifically, similarity index of 0.93 isdetermined if 93% of Digital Pictures 525 of one Knowledge Cell 800match or substantially match Digital Pictures 525 of another KnowledgeCell 800. In some designs, importance (i.e. as indicated by importanceindex, etc.) of one or more Digital Pictures 525 can be included in thecalculation of a weighted similarity index. Similar determination ofsimilarity index can be implemented with Digital Pictures 525,Instruction Sets 526, Extra Info 527, regions, features, pixels, and/orother elements or portions thereof. Any combination of theaforementioned similarity index determinations or calculations can beutilized in alternate embodiments. Any similarity ranking technique canbe utilized to determine or calculate similarity index in alternateembodiments.

Referring to FIG. 18, an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Neural Network 530 acomprising shortcut Connections 853 is illustrated. In some designs,Knowledge Cells 800 in one Layer 854 of Neural Network 530 a can beconnected with Knowledge Cells 800 in any Layer 854, not only in asuccessive Layer 854, thereby creating shortcuts (i.e. shortcutConnections 853, etc.) through Neural Network 530 a. In some aspects,creating a shortcut Connection 853 can be implemented by performingSimilarity Comparisons 125 of a Knowledge Cell 800 from KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in any Layer 854 whenapplying (i.e. storing, copying, etc.) the Knowledge Cell 800 fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 onto Neural Network 530 a. Once created,shortcut Connections 853 enable a wider variety of Knowledge Cells 800to be considered when selecting a path through Neural Network 530 a. Insome embodiments, Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 structures or generatesKnowledge Cells 800 and the system applies them onto Neural Network 530a, thereby implementing learning Object's 180 operation in variousvisual surroundings. The system can perform Similarity Comparisons 125of a Knowledge Cell 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 withKnowledge Cells 800 in a corresponding and/or other Layers 854 of NeuralNetwork 530 a. If a substantially similar Knowledge Cell 800 is notfound in the corresponding or other Layers 854 of Neural Network 530 a,the system may insert (i.e. copy, store, etc.) the Knowledge Cell 800from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 into the corresponding (or another)Layer 854 of Neural Network 530 a, and create a Connection 853 to theinserted Knowledge Cell 800 from a prior Knowledge Cell 800 includingassigning an occurrence count to the new Connection 853, calculating aweight of the new Connection 853, and updating any other Connections 853originating from the prior Knowledge Cell 800. On the other hand, if asubstantially similar Knowledge Cell 800 is found in the correspondingor other Layers 854 of Neural Network 530 a, the system may updateoccurrence count and weight of Connection 853 to that Knowledge Cell 800from a prior Knowledge Cell 800, and update any other Connections 853originating from the prior Knowledge Cell 800. Any of the previouslydescribed and/or other techniques for comparing, inserting, updating,and/or other operations on Knowledge Cells 800, Connections 853, Layers854, and/or other elements can similarly be utilized in Neural Network530 a that comprises shortcut Connections 853.

Referring to FIG. 19, an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Graph 530 b isillustrated. In some aspects, any Knowledge Cell 800 can be connectedwith any other Knowledge Cell 800 in Graph 530 b. In other aspects, anyKnowledge Cell 800 can be connected with itself and/or any otherKnowledge Cell 800 in Graph 530 b. In some embodiments, KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520 structures or generates Knowledge Cells 800 and thesystem applies (i.e. store, copy, etc.) them onto Graph 530 b, therebyimplementing learning Object's 180 operation in various visualsurroundings. The system can perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of aKnowledge Cell 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with KnowledgeCells 800 in Graph 530 b. If a substantially similar Knowledge Cell 800is not found in Graph 530 b, the system may insert (i.e. copy, store,etc.) the Knowledge Cell 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 intoGraph 530 b, and create a Connection 853 to the inserted Knowledge Cell800 from a prior Knowledge Cell 800 including assigning an occurrencecount to the new Connection 853, calculating a weight of the newConnection 853, and updating any other Connections 853 originating fromthe prior Knowledge Cell 800. On the other hand, if a substantiallysimilar Knowledge Cell 800 is found in Graph 530 b, the system mayupdate occurrence count and weight of Connection 853 to that KnowledgeCell 800 from a prior Knowledge Cell 800, and update any otherConnections 853 originating from the prior Knowledge Cell 800. Any ofthe previously described and/or other techniques for comparing,inserting, updating, and/or other operations on Knowledge Cells 800,Connections 853, and/or other elements can similarly be utilized inGraph 530 b.

For example, the system can perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofKnowledge Cell 800 ba from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with KnowledgeCells 800 in Graph 530 b. In the case that a substantially similar matchis not found, the system may insert Knowledge Cell 800 ha into Graph 530b and copy Knowledge Cell 800 ba into the inserted Knowledge Cell 800ha. The system can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of KnowledgeCell 800 bb from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800in Graph 530 b. In the case that a substantially similar match is foundbetween Knowledge Cell 800 bb and Knowledge Cell 800 hb, the system maycreate Connection 853 h 1 between Knowledge Cell 800 ha and KnowledgeCell 800 hb with occurrence count of 1 and weight of 1. The system canthen perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bc fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Graph 530 b.In the case that a substantially similar match is found betweenKnowledge Cell 800 bc and Knowledge Cell 800 hc, the system may updateoccurrence count and weight of Connection 853 h 2 between Knowledge Cell800 hb and Knowledge Cell 800 hc, and update weights of other outgoingConnections 853 (one in this example) originating from Knowledge Cell800 hb as previously described. The system can then perform SimilarityComparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800 bd from Knowledge Structuring Unit520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Graph 530 b. In the case that asubstantially similar match is not found, the system may insertKnowledge Cell 800 hd into Graph 530 b and copy Knowledge Cell 800 bdinto the inserted Knowledge Cell 800 hd. The system may also createConnection 853 h 3 between Knowledge Cell 800 hc and Knowledge Cell 800hd with occurrence count of 1 and weight calculated based on theoccurrence count as previously described. The system may also updateweights of other outgoing Connections 853 (one in this example)originating from Knowledge Cell 800 hc as previously described. Thesystem can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cell 800be from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with Knowledge Cells 800 in Graph530 b. In the case that a substantially similar match is not found, thesystem may insert Knowledge Cell 800 he into Graph 530 b and copyKnowledge Cell 800 be into the inserted Knowledge Cell 800 he. Thesystem may also create Connection 853 h 4 between Knowledge Cell 800 hdand Knowledge Cell 800 he with occurrence count of 1 and weight of 1.Applying any additional Knowledge Cells 800 from Knowledge StructuringUnit 520 onto Graph 530 b follows similar logic or process as theabove-described.

Referring to FIG. 20, an embodiment of learning Knowledge Cells 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 using Collection of Sequences530 c is illustrated. Collection of Sequences 530 c comprises thefunctionality for storing one or more Sequences 533. Sequence 533comprises the functionality for storing multiple Knowledge Cells 800. Insome aspects, a Sequence 533 may include Knowledge Cells 800 relating toa single operation of Object 180. For example, Knowledge StructuringUnit 520 structures or generates Knowledge Cells 800 and the systemapplies them onto Collection of Sequences 530 c, thereby implementinglearning Object's 180 operation in various visual surroundings. Thesystem can perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cells 800from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 with corresponding Knowledge Cells800 in Sequences 533 of Collection of Sequences 530 c to find a Sequence533 comprising Knowledge Cells 800 that are substantially similar to theKnowledge Cells 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520. If Sequence 533comprising such substantially similar Knowledge Cells 800 is not foundin Collection of Sequences 530 c, the system may create a new Sequence533 comprising the Knowledge Cells 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit520 and insert (i.e. copy, store, etc.) the new Sequence 533 intoCollection of Sequences 530 c. On the other hand, if Sequence 533comprising substantially similar Knowledge Cells 800 is found inCollection of Sequences 530 c, the system may optionally omit insertingthe Knowledge Cells 800 from Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 intoCollection of Sequences 530 c as inserting a similar Sequence 533 maynot add much or any additional knowledge. This approach can save storageresources and limit the number of Knowledge Cells 800 that may laterneed to be processed or compared. In other aspects, a Sequence 533 mayinclude Knowledge Cells 800 relating to a part of an operation of Object180. Similar learning process as the above described can be utilized insuch implementations. In further aspects, one or more long Sequences 533each including Knowledge Cells 800 of multiple operations of Object 180can be utilized. In one example, Knowledge Cells 800 of all operationscan be stored in a single long Sequence 533 in which case Collection ofSequences 530 c as a separate element can be omitted. In anotherexample, Knowledge Cells 800 of multiple operations can be included in aplurality of long Sequences 533 such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly,yearly, or other periodic or other Sequences 533. Similarity Comparisons125 can be performed by traversing the one or more long Sequences 533 tofind a match or substantially similar match. For instance, the systemcan perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Knowledge Cells 800 fromKnowledge Structuring Unit 520 with corresponding Knowledge Cells 800 insubsequences of a long Sequence 533 in incremental or other traversingpattern to find a subsequence comprising Knowledge Cells 800 that aresubstantially similar to the Knowledge Cells 800 from KnowledgeStructuring Unit 520. The incremental traversing pattern may start fromone end of a long Sequence 533 and move the comparison subsequence up ordown one or any number of incremental Knowledge Cells 800 at a time.Other traversing patterns or methods can be employed such as startingfrom the middle of the Sequence 533 and subdividing the resultingsub-sequences in a recursive pattern, or any other traversing pattern ormethod. If a subsequence comprising substantially similar KnowledgeCells 800 is not found in the long Sequence 533, the system mayconcatenate or append the Knowledge Cells 800 from Knowledge StructuringUnit 520 to the long Sequence 533. In further aspects, Connections 853can optionally be used in Sequence 533 to connect Knowledge Cells 800.For example, a Knowledge Cell 800 can be connected not only with a nextKnowledge Cell 800 in the Sequence 533, but also with any otherKnowledge Cell 800 in the Sequence 533, thereby creating alternateroutes or shortcuts through the Sequence 533. Any number of Connections853 connecting any Knowledge Cells 800 can be utilized. Any of thepreviously described and/or other techniques for comparing, inserting,updating, and/or other operations on Knowledge Cells 800, Connections853, and/or other elements can similarly be utilized in Sequences 533and/or Collection of Sequences 530 c.

Any of the previously described data structures or arrangements ofKnowledge Cells 800 such as Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b,Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d, and/or others can be used alone, or in combination witheach other or with other elements, in alternate embodiments. In oneexample, a path in Neural Network 530 a or Graph 530 b may include itsown separate sequence of Knowledge Cells 800 that are not interconnectedwith Knowledge Cells 800 in other paths. In another example, a part of apath in Neural Network 530 a or Graph 530 b may include a sequence ofKnowledge Cells 800 interconnected with Knowledge Cells 800 in otherpaths, whereas, another part of the path may include its own separatesequence of Knowledge Cells 800 that are not interconnected withKnowledge Cells 800 in other paths. Any other combinations orarrangements of Knowledge Cells 800 can be implemented.

Referring to FIG. 21, an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 from a single Knowledge Cell 800 is illustrated.Knowledge Cell 800 may be part of a Knowledgebase 530 (i.e. NeuralNetwork 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533,Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, etc.) such as Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d. Decision-making Unit 540 comprises thefunctionality for anticipating or determining an object's operation invarious visual surroundings. Decision-making Unit 540 comprises thefunctionality for anticipating or determining Instruction Sets 526 (i.e.anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) to be used or executed inObject's 180 autonomous operation based on incoming Digital Pictures 525of Object's 180 visual surrounding. Decision-making Unit 540 alsocomprises other disclosed functionalities.

In some aspects, Decision-making Unit 540 may anticipate or determineInstruction Sets 526 (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) forautonomous Object 180 operation by performing Similarity Comparisons 125of incoming Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Renderer 91with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cells 800in Knowledgebase 530 (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collectionof Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d,etc.). A Knowledge Cell 800 includes a unit of knowledge (i.e. one ormore Digital Pictures 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets 526and/or Extra Info 527, etc.) of how Object 180 operated in a visualsurrounding as previously described. When Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof of a similar visual surrounding are detected in thefuture, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate the Instruction Sets 526(i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) previously learned in asimilar visual surrounding, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180operation. In some aspects, Decision-making Unit 540 can performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of incoming Digital Pictures 525 fromRenderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 from Knowledge Cells 800 inKnowledgebase 530 (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collection ofSequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d,etc.). If one or more substantially similar Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof are found in a Knowledge Cell 800 from Knowledgebase530, Instruction Sets 526 (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.)for autonomous Object 180 operation can be anticipated in InstructionSets 526 correlated with the one or more Digital Pictures 525 from theKnowledge Cell 800. In some designs, subsequent one or more InstructionSets 526 for autonomous Object 180 operation can be anticipated inInstruction Sets 526 correlated with subsequent Digital Pictures 525from the Knowledge Cell 800 (or other Knowledge Cells 800), therebyanticipating not only current, but also additional future InstructionSets 526. Although, Extra Info 527 is not shown in this and/or otherfigures for clarity of illustration, it should be noted that any DigitalPicture 525, Instruction Set 526, and/or other element may include or beassociated with Extra Info 527 and that Decision-making Unit 540 canutilize Extra Info 527 for enhanced decision making.

For example, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform Similarity Comparisons125 of Digital Picture 52511 or portion thereof from Renderer 91 withDigital Picture 525 a 1 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa.Digital Picture 525 a 1 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oamay be found substantially similar. Decision-making Unit 540 cananticipate Instruction Sets 526 a 1-526 a 3 correlated with DigitalPicture 525 a 1, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Picture 52512 or portion thereof from Renderer 91 with DigitalPicture 525 a 2 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa. DigitalPicture 525 a 2 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa may befound substantially similar. Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateInstruction Set 526 a 4 correlated with Digital Picture 525 a 2, therebyenabling autonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 canthen perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52513 orportion thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 3 or portionthereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 3 or portionthereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa may be found substantially similar.Decision-making Unit 540 may not anticipate any Instruction Sets 526since none are correlated with Digital Picture 525 a 3. Decision-makingUnit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Picture52514 or portion thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 4or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 4or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa may not be foundsubstantially similar. Decision-making Unit 540 can then performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52515 or portion thereoffrom Renderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 5 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 5 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa may not be found substantially similar.Decision-making Unit 540 can implement similar logic or process for anyadditional Digital Picture 525 from Renderer 91, and so on.

It should be understood that any of the described elements and/ortechniques in the foregoing example can be omitted, used in a differentcombination, or used in combination with other elements and/ortechniques, in which case the selection of Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereofwould be affected accordingly. In one example, Extra Info 527 can beincluded in the Similarity Comparisons 125 as previously described. Inanother example, as history of incoming Digital Pictures 525 becomesavailable, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform collective SimilarityComparisons 125 of the history of Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from Renderer 91 with subsequences of Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800. In a further example, thedescribed comparisons in a single Knowledge Cell 800 may be performed onany number of Knowledge Cells 800 sequentially or in parallel. Parallelprocessors such as a plurality of Processors 11 or cores thereof can beutilized for such parallel processing. In a further example, variousarrangements of Digital Pictures 525 and/or other elements in aKnowledge Cell 800 can be utilized as previously described. One ofordinary skill in art will understand that the foregoing exemplaryembodiment is described merely as an example of a variety of possibleimplementations, and that while all of its variations are too voluminousto describe, they are within the scope of this disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 22, an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 by traversing a single Knowledge Cell 800 isillustrated. Knowledge Cell 800 may be part of a Knowledgebase 530 (i.e.Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collection of Sequences 530 c,Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, etc.) such asCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. For example, Decision-making Unit540 can perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52511 orportion thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 1 or portionthereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 1 or portionthereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa may not be found substantiallysimilar. Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform SimilarityComparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52511 or portion thereof fromRenderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 2 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 2 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa may not be found substantially similar.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Picture 52511 or portion thereof from Renderer 91 with DigitalPicture 525 a 3 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa. DigitalPicture 525 a 3 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 oa may befound substantially similar. Decision-making Unit 540 may not anticipateany Instruction Sets 526 since none are correlated with Digital Picture525 a 3. Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform SimilarityComparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52512 or portion thereof fromRenderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 4 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 4 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa may be found substantially similar.Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 a 5-526 a 6correlated with Digital Picture 525 a 4, thereby enabling autonomousObject 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can then performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52513 or portion thereoffrom Renderer 91 with Digital Picture 525 a 5 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa. Digital Picture 525 a 5 or portion thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 oa may be found substantially similar.Decision-making Unit 540 may not anticipate any Instruction Sets 526since none are correlated with Digital Picture 525 a 5. Decision-makingUnit 540 can implement similar logic or process for any additionalDigital Pictures 525 from Renderer 91, and so on.

It should be understood that any of the described elements and/ortechniques in the foregoing example can be omitted, used in a differentcombination, or used in combination with other elements and/ortechniques, in which case the selection of Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereofwould be affected accordingly. In one example, Extra Info 527 can beincluded in the Similarity Comparisons 125 as previously described. Inanother example, as history of incoming Digital Pictures 525 becomesavailable, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform collective SimilarityComparisons 125 of the history of Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from Renderer 91 with subsequences of Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800. In a further example,traversing may be performed in incremental traversing pattern such asstarting from one end of Knowledge Cell 800 and moving the comparisonsubsequence up or down the list one or any number of incremental DigitalPictures 525 at a time. Other traversing patterns or methods can beemployed such as starting from the middle of the Knowledge Cell 800 andsubdividing the resulting subsequence in a recursive pattern, or anyother traversing pattern or method. In a further example, the describedtraversing of a single Knowledge Cell 800 may be performed on any numberof Knowledge Cells 800 sequentially or in parallel. Parallel processorssuch as a plurality of Processors 11 or cores thereof can be utilizedfor such parallel processing. In a further example, various arrangementsof Digital Pictures 525 and/or other elements in a Knowledge Cell 800can be utilized as previously described. One of ordinary skill in artwill understand that the foregoing exemplary embodiment is describedmerely as an example of a variety of possible implementations, and thatwhile all of its variations are too voluminous to describe, they arewithin the scope of this disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 23, an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using collective similarity comparisons isillustrated. For example, Decision-making Unit 540 can performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Picture 52511 or portion thereoffrom Renderer 91 with corresponding Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d.Digital Picture 525 c 1 or portion thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 rcmay be found substantially similar with highest similarity.Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate any Instruction Sets 526 (notshown) correlated with Digital Picture 525 c 1, thereby enablingautonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can thenperform collective Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures52511-52512 or portions thereof from Renderer 91 with correspondingDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cells 800 inCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. Digital Pictures 525 c 1-525 c 2 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 rc may be found substantiallysimilar with highest similarity. Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateany Instruction Sets 526 (not shown) correlated with Digital Picture 525c 2, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-makingUnit 540 can then perform collective Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 52511-52513 or portions thereof from Renderer 91 withcorresponding Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from KnowledgeCells 800 in Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. Digital Pictures 525 d1-525 d 3 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 rd may be foundsubstantially similar with highest similarity. Decision-making Unit 540can anticipate any Instruction Sets 526 (not shown) correlated withDigital Picture 525 d 3, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform collectiveSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures 52511-52514 or portionsthereof from Renderer 91 with corresponding Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cells 800 in Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d. Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 d 4 or portions thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 rd may be found substantially similar with highestsimilarity. Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate any Instruction Sets526 (not shown) correlated with Digital Picture 525 d 4, therebyenabling autonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 canthen perform collective Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures52511-52515 or portions thereof from Renderer 91 with correspondingDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cells 800 inCollection of Knowledge Cells 530 d. Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 d 5 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 rd may be found substantiallysimilar with highest similarity. Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateany Instruction Sets 526 (not shown) correlated with Digital Picture 525d 5, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-makingUnit 540 can implement similar logic or process for any additionalDigital Picture 525 from Renderer 91, and so on.

In some embodiments, various elements and/or techniques can be utilizedin the aforementioned similarity determinations with respect tocollectively compared Digital Pictures 525 and/or other elements. Insome aspects, similarity of collectively compared Digital Pictures 525can be determined based on similarities or similarity indexes of theindividually compared Digital Pictures 525. In one example, an averageof similarities or similarity indexes of individually compared DigitalPictures 525 can be used to determine similarity of collectivelycompared Digital Pictures 525. In another example, a weighted average ofsimilarities or similarity indexes of individually compared DigitalPictures 525 can be used to determine similarity of collectivelycompared Digital Pictures 525. For instance, to affect the weighting ofcollective similarity, a higher weight or importance (i.e. importanceindex, etc.) can be assigned to the similarities or similarity indexesof some (i.e. more substantive, etc.) Digital Pictures 525 and lower forother (i.e. less substantive, etc.) Digital Pictures 525. Any otherhigher or lower weight or importance assignment can be implemented. Inother aspects, any of the previously described or other thresholds forsubstantial similarity of individually compared elements can besimilarly utilized for collectively compared elements. In one example,substantial similarity of collectively compared Digital Pictures 525 canbe achieved when their collective similarity or similarity index exceedsa similarity threshold. In another example, substantial similarity ofcollectively compared Digital Pictures 525 can be achieved when at leasta threshold number or percentage of Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof of the collectively compared Digital Pictures 525 match orsubstantially match. Similarly, substantial similarity of collectivelycompared Digital Pictures 525 can be achieved when a number orpercentage of matching or substantially matching Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof of the collectively compared Digital Pictures 525exceeds a threshold. Such thresholds can be defined by a user, by VSAOOsystem administrator, or automatically by the system based onexperience, testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or other techniques,knowledge, or input. Similar elements and/or techniques as theaforementioned can be used for similarity determinations of othercollectively compared elements such as Instruction Sets 526, Extra Info527, Knowledge Cells 800, and/or others. Similarity determinations ofcollectively compared elements may include any features,functionalities, and embodiments of Similarity Comparison 125, and viceversa.

It should be understood that any of the described elements and/ortechniques in the foregoing example can be omitted, used in a differentcombination, or used in combination with other elements and/ortechniques, in which case the selection of Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereofwould be affected accordingly. Any of the elements and/or techniquesutilized in other examples or embodiments described herein such as usingExtra Info 527 in Similarity Comparisons 125, traversing of KnowledgeCells 800 or other elements, using history of Digital Pictures 525 orKnowledge Cells 800 for collective Similarity Comparisons 125, usingvarious arrangements of Digital Pictures 525 and/or other elements in aKnowledge Cell 800, and/or others can similarly be utilized in thisexample. One of ordinary skill in art will understand that the foregoingexemplary embodiment is described merely as an example of a variety ofpossible implementations, and that while all of its variations are toovoluminous to describe, they are within the scope of this disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 24, an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Neural Network 530 a is illustrated. In someaspects, determining anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 using NeuralNetwork 530 a may include selecting a path of Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereofthrough Neural Network 530 a. Decision-making Unit 540 can utilizevarious elements and/or techniques for selecting a path through NeuralNetwork 530 a. Although, these elements and/or techniques are describedusing Neural Network 530 a below, they can similarly be used in anyKnowledgebase 530 (i.e. Graph 530 b, Collection of Sequences 530 c,Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, etc.) whereapplicable.

In some embodiments, Decision-making Unit 540 can utilize similarityindex in selecting Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. DigitalPictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof in a path throughNeural Network 530 a. For instance, similarity index may indicate howwell one or more Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof are matchedwith one or more other Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof aspreviously described. In one example, Decision-making Unit 540 mayselect a Knowledge Cell 800 comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525with highest similarity index even if Connection 853 pointing to thatKnowledge Cell 800 has less than the highest weight. Therefore,similarity index or other such element or parameter can override ordisregard the weight of a Connection 853 or other element. In anotherexample, Decision-making Unit 540 may select a Knowledge Cell 800comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 whose similarity index ishigher than or equal to a weight of Connection 853 pointing to thatKnowledge Cell 800. In a further example, Decision-making Unit 540 mayselect a Knowledge Cell 800 comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525whose similarity index is lower than or equal to a weight of Connection853 pointing to that Knowledge Cell 800. Similarity index can be set tobe more, less, or equally important than a weight of a Connection 853.

In other embodiments, Decision-making Unit 540 can utilize Connections853 in selecting Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof in a path through NeuralNetwork 530 a. In some aspects, Decision-making Unit 540 can take intoaccount weights of Connections 853 among the interconnected KnowledgeCells 800 in choosing from which Knowledge Cell 800 to compare one ormore Digital Pictures 525 first, second, third, and so on. Specifically,for instance, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform Similarity Comparison125 with one or more Digital Pictures 525 from Knowledge Cell 800pointed to by the highest weight Connection 853 first, Digital Pictures525 from Knowledge Cell 800 pointed to by the second highest weightConnection 853 second, and so on. In other aspects, Decision-making Unit540 can stop performing Similarity Comparisons 125 as soon as it findsone or more substantially similar Digital Pictures 525 in aninterconnected Knowledge Cell 800. In further aspects, Decision-makingUnit 540 may only follow the highest weight Connection 853 to arrive ata Knowledge Cell 800 comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525 to becompared, thereby disregarding Connections 853 with less than thehighest weight. In further aspects, Decision-making Unit 540 may ignoreConnections 853 and/or their weights.

In further embodiments, Decision-making Unit 540 can utilize a bias toadjust similarity index, weight of a Connection 853, and/or otherelement or parameter used in selecting Knowledge Cells 800 or elements(i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof in apath through Neural Network 530 a. In one example, Decision-making Unit540 may select a Knowledge Cell 800 comprising one or more DigitalPictures 525 whose similarity index multiplied by or adjusted for a biasis higher than or equal to a weight of Connection 853 pointing to thatKnowledge Cell 800. In another example, Decision-making Unit 540 mayselect a Knowledge Cell 800 comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525whose similarity index multiplied by or adjusted for a bias is lowerthan or equal to a weight of Connection 853 pointing to that KnowledgeCell 800. In a further example, bias can be used to resolve deadlocksituations where similarity index is equal to a weight of a Connection853. In some aspects, bias can be expressed in percentages such as 0.3percent, 1.2 percent, 25.7 percent, 79.8 percent, 99.9 percent, 100.1percent, 155.4 percent, 298.6 percent, 1105.5 percent, and so on. Forexample, a bias below 100 percent decreases an element or parameter towhich it is applied, a bias equal to 100 percent does not change theelement or parameter to which it is applied, and a bias higher than 100percent increases the element or parameter to which it is applied. Ingeneral, any amount of bias can be utilized. Bias can be applied to oneor more of a weight of a Connection 853, similarity index, any otherelement or parameter, and/or all or any combination of them. Also,different biases can be applied to each of a weight of a Connection 853,similarity index, or any other element or parameter. For example, 30percent bias can be applied to similarity index and 15 percent bias canbe applied to a weight of a Connection 853. Also, different biases canbe applied to various Layers 854 of Neural Network 530 a, and/or otherdisclosed elements. Bias can be defined by a user, by VSAOO systemadministrator, or automatically by the system based on experience,testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or other techniques, knowledge,or input.

Any other element and/or technique can be utilized in selectingKnowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, InstructionSets 526, etc.) thereof in a path through Neural Network 530 a.

In some embodiments, Neural Network 530 a may include knowledge (i.e.interconnected Knowledge Cells 800 comprising one or more DigitalPictures 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info527, etc.) of how Object 180 operated in various visual surroundings. Insome aspects, determining anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 using NeuralNetwork 530 a may include selecting a path of Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereofthrough Neural Network 530 a. Individual and/or collective SimilarityComparisons 125 can be used to determine substantial similarity of theindividually and/or collectively compared Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof. Substantial similarity may be used primarily forselecting a path through Neural Network 530 a, whereas, weight of anyConnection 853 may be used secondarily or not at all.

For example, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform Similarity Comparisons125 of Digital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an or portions thereof from Renderer91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from one or moreKnowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 a (or any other one or more Layers 854,etc.). Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800ta may be found collectively substantially similar with highestsimilarity. As the comparisons of individual Digital Pictures 525 areperformed to determine collective similarity, Decision-making Unit 540can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 correlated with substantiallysimilar individual Digital Pictures 525 as previously described, therebyenabling autonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 canthen perform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures 525 b 1-525bn or portions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from one or more Knowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 binterconnected with Knowledge Cell 800 ta. Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 tb may be found collectivelysubstantially similar with highest similarity, thus, Decision-makingUnit 540 may follow Connection 853 t 1 disregarding its less thanhighest weight. As the comparisons of individual Digital Pictures 525are performed to determine collective similarity, Decision-making Unit540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 correlated with substantiallysimilar individual Digital Pictures 525 as previously described, therebyenabling autonomous Object 180 operation. Since Connection 853 t 2 isthe only connection from Knowledge Cell 800 tb, Decision-making Unit 540may follow Connection 853 t 2 and perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 c 1-525 cn or portions thereof from Renderer 91with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 tcin Layer 854 c. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from KnowledgeCell 800 tc may be found collectively substantially similar. As thecomparisons of individual Digital Pictures 525 are performed todetermine collective similarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateInstruction Sets 526 correlated with substantially similar individualDigital Pictures 525 as previously described, thereby enablingautonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can thenperform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 dn orportions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from one or more Knowledge Cells 800 in Layer 854 dinterconnected with Knowledge Cell 800 tc. Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 td may be found collectivelysubstantially similar with highest similarity, thus, Decision-makingUnit 540 may follow Connection 853 t 3. As the comparisons of individualDigital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collective similarity,Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 correlatedwith substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 as previouslydescribed, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 e 1-525 en or portions thereof from Renderer 91with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from one or more KnowledgeCells 800 in Layer 854 e interconnected with Knowledge Cell 800 td.Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 te maybe found collectively substantially similar with highest similarity,thus, Decision-making Unit 540 may follow Connection 853 t 4. As thecomparisons of individual Digital Pictures 525 are performed todetermine collective similarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateInstruction Sets 526 correlated with substantially similar individualDigital Pictures 525 as previously described, thereby enablingautonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can implementsimilar logic or process for any additional Digital Pictures 525 fromRenderer 91, and so on.

The foregoing exemplary embodiment provides an example of utilizing acombination of collective Similarity Comparisons 125, individualSimilarity Comparisons 125, Connections 853, and/or other elements ortechniques. It should be understood that any of these elements and/ortechniques can be omitted, used in a different combination, or used incombination with other elements and/or techniques, in which case theselection of Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525,Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof in a path through Neural Network 530a would be affected accordingly. Any of the elements and/or techniquesutilized in other examples or embodiments described herein such as usingExtra Info 527 in Similarity Comparisons 125, traversing of KnowledgeCells 800 or other elements, using history of Digital Pictures 525 orKnowledge Cells 800 for collective Similarity Comparisons 125, usingvarious arrangements of Digital Pictures 525 and/or other elements in aKnowledge Cell 800, and/or others can similarly be utilized in thisexample. These elements and/or techniques can similarly be utilized inGraph 530 b, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d, and/or other data structures or arrangements. Insome aspects, instead of anticipating Instruction Sets 526 correlatedwith substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525,Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate instruction Sets 526 correlatedwith substantially similar streams of Digital Pictures 525. In otheraspects, any time that substantial similarity or other similaritythreshold is not achieved in compared Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof of any of the Knowledge Cells 800, Decision-making Unit 540 candecide to look for a substantially or otherwise similar Digital Pictures525 or portions thereof in Knowledge Cells 800 elsewhere in NeuralNetwork 530 a such as in any Layer 854 subsequent to a current Layer854, in the first Layer 854, in the entire Neural Network 530 a, and/orothers, even if such Knowledge Cell 800 may be unconnected with a priorKnowledge Cell 800. It should be noted that any of Digital Pictures 525a 1-525 an, Digital Pictures 525 b 1-525 bn, Digital Pictures 525 c1-525 cn, Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 dn, Digital Pictures 525 e 1-525en, etc. may include one Digital Picture 525 or a stream of DigitalPictures 525. It should also be noted that any Knowledge Cell 800 mayinclude one Digital Picture 525 or a stream of Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described. One of ordinary skill in art will understand thatthe foregoing exemplary embodiment is described merely as an example ofa variety of possible implementations, and that while all of itsvariations are too voluminous to describe, they are within the scope ofthis disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 25, an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Graph 530 b is illustrated. Graph 530 b mayinclude knowledge (i.e. interconnected Knowledge Cells 800 comprisingone or more Digital Pictures 525 correlated with any Instruction Sets526 and/or Extra Info 527, etc.) of how Object 180 operated in variousvisual surroundings. In some aspects, determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Graph 530 b may include selecting a path ofKnowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, InstructionSets 526, etc.) thereof through Graph 530 b. Individual and/orcollective Similarity Comparisons 125 can be used to determinesubstantial similarity of the individually and/or collectively comparedDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof. Substantial similarity may beused primarily for selecting a path through Graph 530 b, whereas, weightof any Connection 853 may be used secondarily or not at all.

For example, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform Similarity Comparisons125 of Digital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an or portions thereof from Renderer91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from one or moreKnowledge Cells 800 in Graph 530 b. Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from Knowledge Cell 800 ua may be found collectivelysubstantially similar with highest similarity. As the comparisons ofindividual Digital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collectivesimilarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526correlated with substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 b 1-525 bn or portions thereof from Renderer 91with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from one or more KnowledgeCells 800 in Graph 530 b interconnected with Knowledge Cell 800 ua byoutgoing Connections 853. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 ub may be found collectively substantially similarwith highest similarity, thus, Decision-making Unit 540 may followConnection 853 u 1 disregarding its less than highest weight. As thecomparisons of individual Digital Pictures 525 are performed todetermine collective similarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateInstruction Sets 526 correlated with substantially similar individualDigital Pictures 525 as previously described, thereby enablingautonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can thenperform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures 525 c 1-525 cn orportions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from one or more Knowledge Cells 800 in Graph 530 binterconnected with Knowledge Cell 800 ub by outgoing Connections 853.Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 uc maybe found collectively substantially similar with highest similarity,thus, Decision-making Unit 540 may follow Connection 853 u 2disregarding its less than highest weight. As the comparisons ofindividual Digital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collectivesimilarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526correlated with substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Since Connection 853 u 3 is the only connection from Knowledge Cell 800uc, Decision-making Unit 540 may follow Connection 853 u 3 and performSimilarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 dn orportions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from Knowledge Cell 800 ud in Graph 530 b. Digital Pictures 525or portions thereof from Knowledge Cell 800 ud may be found collectivelysubstantially similar. As the comparisons of individual Digital Pictures525 are performed to determine collective similarity, Decision-makingUnit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 correlated withsubstantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 as previouslydescribed, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 e 1-525 en or portions thereof from Renderer 91with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from one or more KnowledgeCells 800 in Graph 530 b interconnected with Knowledge Cell 800 ud byoutgoing Connections 853. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof fromKnowledge Cell 800 ue may be found collectively substantially similarwith highest similarity, thus, Decision-making Unit 540 may followConnection 853 u 4. As the comparisons of individual Digital Pictures525 are performed to determine collective similarity, Decision-makingUnit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 correlated withsubstantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 as previouslydescribed, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can implement similar logic or process for anyadditional Digital Pictures 525 from Activity Detector 160, and so on.

The foregoing exemplary embodiment provides an example of utilizing acombination of collective Similarity Comparisons 125, individualSimilarity Comparisons 125, Connections 853, and/or other elements ortechniques. It should be understood that any of these elements and/ortechniques can be omitted, used in a different combination, or used incombination with other elements and/or techniques, in which case theselection of Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525,Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof in a path through Graph 530 b wouldbe affected accordingly. Any of the elements and/or techniques utilizedin other examples or embodiments described herein such as using ExtraInfo 527 in Similarity Comparisons 125, traversing of Knowledge Cells800 or other elements, using history of Digital Pictures 525 orKnowledge Cells 800 in collective Similarity Comparisons 125, usingvarious arrangements of Digital Pictures 525 and/or other elements in aKnowledge Cell 800, and/or others can similarly be utilized in thisexample. These elements and/or techniques can similarly be utilized inNeural Network 530 a, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533,Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, and/or other data structures orarrangements. In some aspects, instead of anticipating Instruction Sets526 correlated with substantially similar individual Digital Pictures525, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate instruction Sets 526correlated with substantially matching streams of Digital Pictures 525.In other aspects, any time that substantial similarity or othersimilarity threshold is not achieved in compared Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof of any of the Knowledge Cells 800, Decision-making Unit540 can decide to look for a substantially or otherwise similar DigitalPictures 525 or portions thereof in Knowledge Cells 800 elsewhere inGraph 530 b even if such Knowledge Cell 800 may be unconnected with aprior Knowledge Cell 800. It should be noted that any of DigitalPictures 525 a 1-525 an, Digital Pictures 525 b 1-525 bn, DigitalPictures 525 c 1-525 cn, Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 dn, DigitalPictures 525 e 1-525 en, etc. may include one Digital Picture 525 or astream of Digital Pictures 525. It should also be noted that anyKnowledge Cell 800 may include one Digital Picture 525 or a stream ofDigital Pictures 525 as previously described. One of ordinary skill inart will understand that the foregoing exemplary embodiment is describedmerely as an example of a variety of possible implementations, and thatwhile all of its variations are too voluminous to describe, they arewithin the scope of this disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 26, an embodiment of determining anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 using Collection of Sequences 530 c is illustrated.Collection of Sequences 530 c may include knowledge (i.e. sequences ofKnowledge Cells 800 comprising one or more Digital Pictures 525correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527, etc.) ofhow Object 180 operated in various visual surroundings. In some aspects,determining anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 for autonomous Object 180operation using Collection of Sequences 530 c may include selecting aSequence 533 of Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof from Collection of Sequences530 c. Individual and/or collective Similarity Comparisons 125 can beused to determine substantial similarity of the individually and/orcollectively compared Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof.

For example, Decision-making Unit 540 can perform Similarity Comparisons125 of Digital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an or portions thereof from Renderer91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from correspondingKnowledge Cells 800 in one or more Sequences 533 of Collection ofSequences 530 c. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from KnowledgeCell 800 ca in Sequence 533 wc may be found collectively substantiallysimilar with highest similarity. As the comparisons of individualDigital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collective similarity,Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526 correlatedwith substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 as previouslydescribed, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an and 525 b 1-525 bn or portions thereoffrom Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof fromcorresponding Knowledge Cells 800 in Sequences 533 of Collection ofSequences 530 c. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof from KnowledgeCells 800 ca-800 cb in Sequence 533 wc may be found collectivelysubstantially similar with highest similarity. As the comparisons ofindividual Digital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collectivesimilarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526correlated with substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an, 525 b 1-525 bn, and 525 c 1-525 cn orportions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from corresponding Knowledge Cells 800 in Sequences 533 ofCollection of Sequences 530 c. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereoffrom Knowledge Cells 800 da-800 dc in Sequence 533 wd may be foundsubstantially similar with highest similarity. As the comparisons ofindividual Digital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collectivesimilarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526correlated with substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can then perform Similarity Comparisons 125 ofDigital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an, 525 b 1-525 bn, 525 c 1-525 cn, and 525d 1-525 dn or portions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures525 or portions thereof from corresponding Knowledge Cells 800 inSequences 533 of Collection of Sequences 530 c. Digital Pictures 525 orportions thereof from Knowledge Cells 800 da-800 dd in Sequence 533 wdmay be found substantially similar with highest similarity. As thecomparisons of individual Digital Pictures 525 are performed todetermine collective similarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateInstruction Sets 526 correlated with substantially similar individualDigital Pictures 525 as previously described, thereby enablingautonomous Object 180 operation. Decision-making Unit 540 can thenperform Similarity Comparisons 125 of Digital Pictures 525 a 1-525 an,525 b 1-525 bn, 525 c 1-525 cn, 525 d 1-525 dn, and 525 e 1-525 en orportions thereof from Renderer 91 with Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof from corresponding Knowledge Cells 800 in Sequences 533 ofCollection of Sequences 530 c. Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereoffrom Knowledge Cells 800 da-800 de in Sequence 533 wd may be foundsubstantially similar with highest similarity. As the comparisons ofindividual Digital Pictures 525 are performed to determine collectivesimilarity, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipate Instruction Sets 526correlated with substantially similar individual Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described, thereby enabling autonomous Object 180 operation.Decision-making Unit 540 can implement similar logic or process for anyadditional Digital Pictures 525 from Renderer 91, and so on.

In some embodiments, various elements and/or techniques can be utilizedin the aforementioned substantial similarity determinations with respectto collectively compared Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. DigitalPictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.) thereof. In some aspects,substantial similarity of collectively compared Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.) thereof canbe determined based on similarities or similarity indexes of theindividually compared Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. DigitalPictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.) thereof. In one example, an averageof similarities or similarity indexes of individually compared KnowledgeCells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.)thereof can be used to determine similarity of collectively comparedKnowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info527, etc.) thereof. In another example, a weighted average ofsimilarities or similarity indexes of individually compared KnowledgeCells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.)thereof can be used to determine similarity of collectively comparedKnowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info527, etc.) thereof. For instance, to affect the weighting of collectivesimilarity, a higher weight or importance (i.e. importance index, etc.)can be assigned to the similarities or similarity indexes of someKnowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info527, etc.) thereof and lower for other Knowledge Cells 800 or elements(i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.) thereof. Any higher orlower weight or importance assignment can be implemented. In otheraspects, any of the previously described or other thresholds forsubstantial similarity of individually compared elements can similarlybe utilized for collectively compared elements. In one example,substantial similarity of collectively compared Knowledge Cells 800 orelements (i.e. Digital Pictures 525, Extra Info 527, etc.) thereof canbe achieved when their collective similarity or similarity index exceedsa similarity threshold. In another example, substantial similarity ofcollectively compared Knowledge Cells 800 can be achieved when at leasta threshold number or percentage of Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof of the collectively compared Knowledge Cells 800 match orsubstantially match. Similarly, substantial similarity of collectivelycompared Knowledge Cells 800 can be achieved when a number or percentageof matching or substantially matching Digital Pictures 525 or portionsthereof of the collectively compared Knowledge Cells 800 exceeds athreshold. Such thresholds can be defined by a user, by VSAOO systemadministrator, or automatically by the system based on experience,testing, inquiry, analysis, synthesis, or other techniques, knowledge,or input. Collective similarity determinations may include any features,functionalities, and embodiments of Similarity Comparison 125, and viceversa.

The foregoing exemplary embodiment provides an example of utilizing acombination of collective Similarity Comparisons 125, individualSimilarity Comparisons 125, and/or other elements or techniques. Itshould be understood that any of these elements and/or techniques can beomitted, used in a different combination, or used in combination withother elements and/or techniques, in which case the selection ofSequence 533 of Knowledge Cells 800 or elements (i.e. Digital Pictures525, Instruction Sets 526, etc.) thereof would be affected accordingly.Any of the elements and/or techniques utilized in other examples orembodiments described herein such as using Extra Info 527 in SimilarityComparisons 125, traversing of Knowledge Cells 800 or other elements,using history of Digital Pictures 525 or Knowledge Cells 800 incollective Similarity Comparisons 125, using various arrangements ofDigital Pictures 525 and/or other elements in a Knowledge Cell 800,and/or others can similarly be utilized in this example. These elementsand/or techniques can similarly be utilized in Neural Network 530 a,Graph 530 b, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, and/or other datastructures or arrangements. In some aspects, instead of anticipatingInstruction Sets 526 correlated with substantially similar individualDigital Pictures 525, Decision-making Unit 540 can anticipateInstruction Sets 526 correlated with substantially matching streams ofDigital Pictures 525. In other aspects, any time that substantialsimilarity or other similarity threshold is not achieved in comparedDigital Pictures 525 or portions thereof of any of the Knowledge Cells800, Decision-making Unit 540 can decide to look for a substantially orotherwise similar Digital Pictures 525 or portions thereof in KnowledgeCells 800 elsewhere in Collection of Sequences 530 c such as indifferent Sequences 533. It should be noted that any of Digital Pictures525 a 1-525 an, Digital Pictures 525 b 1-525 bn, Digital Pictures 525 c1-525 cn, Digital Pictures 525 d 1-525 dn, Digital Pictures 525 e 1-525en, etc. may include one Digital Picture 525 or a stream of DigitalPictures 525. It should also be noted that any Knowledge Cell 800 mayinclude one Digital Picture 525 or a stream of Digital Pictures 525 aspreviously described. One of ordinary skill in art will understand thatthe foregoing exemplary embodiment is described merely as an example ofa variety of possible implementations, and that while all of itsvariations are too voluminous to describe, they are within the scope ofthis disclosure.

Referring now to Modification Interface 130. Modification Interface 130comprises the functionality for modifying execution and/or functionalityof Application Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element. Modification Interface 130 comprises thefunctionality for modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element at runtime. Modification Interface 130 comprises thefunctionality for modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element based on anticipatory Instruction Sets 526. In oneexample, Modification Interface 130 comprises the functionality toaccess, modify, and/or perform other manipulations of runtimeengine/environment, virtual machine, operating system, compiler,just-in-time (JIT) compiler, interpreter, translator, execution stack,file, object, data structure, and/or other computing system elements. Inanother example, Modification Interface 130 comprises the functionalityto access, modify, and/or perform other manipulations of memory,storage, bus, interfaces, and/or other computing system elements. In afurther example, Modification Interface 130 comprises the functionalityto access, modify, and/or perform other manipulations of Processor 11registers and/or other Processor 11 elements. In a further example,Modification Interface 130 comprises the functionality to access,modify, and/or perform other manipulations of inputs and/or outputs ofApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element. In a further example, Modification Interface 130comprises the functionality to access, create, delete, modify, and/orperform other manipulations of functions, methods, procedures, routines,subroutines, and/or other elements of Application Program 18 and/orObject 180. In a further example, Modification Interface 130 comprisesthe functionality to access, create, delete, modify, and/or performother manipulations of source code, bytecode, compiled, interpreted, orotherwise translated code, machine code, and/or other code. In a furtherexample, Modification Interface 130 comprises the functionality toaccess, create, delete, modify, and/or perform other manipulations ofvalues, variables, parameters, and/or other data or information.Modification Interface 130 comprises any features, functionalities, andembodiments of Acquisition Interface 120, and vice versa. ModificationInterface 130 also comprises other disclosed functionalities.

Modification Interface 130 can employ various techniques for modifyingexecution and/or functionality of Application Program 18, Object 180,Processor 11, and/or other processing element. In some aspects, some ofthe previously described techniques and/or tools can be utilized. Codeinstrumentation, for instance, may involve inserting additional code,overwriting or rewriting existing code, and/or branching to a separatesegment of code in Application Program 18 as previously described. Forexample, instrumented code may include the following:

-   -   Object1.moveLeft(18);    -   modifyApplication( );

In the above sample code, instrumented call to Modification Interface's130 function (i.e. modifyApplication( ), etc.) can be placed after afunction (i.e. moveLeft(18), etc.) of Application Program 18. Similarcall to an application modifying function can be placed after or beforesome or all functions/routines/subroutines, some or all lines of code,some or all statements, some or all instructions or instruction sets,some or all basic blocks, and/or some or all other code segments ofApplication Program 18. One or more application modifying function callscan be placed anywhere in Application Program's 18 code and can beexecuted at any points in Application Program's 18 execution. Theapplication modifying function (i.e. modifyApplication( ), etc.) mayinclude Artificial Intelligence Unit 110-determined anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526 that can modify execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18. In some embodiments, the previously describedobtaining Application Program's 18 instruction sets, data, and/or otherinformation as well as modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 can be implemented in a single function thatperforms both tasks (i.e. traceAndModifyApplication( ), etc.).

In some embodiments, various computing systems and/or platforms mayprovide native tools for modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or otherprocessing element. Independent vendors may provide tools with similarfunctionalities that can be utilized across different platforms. Thesetools enable a wide range of techniques or capabilities such asinstrumentation, self-modifying code capabilities, dynamic codecapabilities, branching, code rewriting, code overwriting, hot swapping,accessing and/or modifying objects or data structures, accessing and/ormodifying functions/routines/subroutines, accessing and/or modifyingvariable or parameter values, accessing and/or modifying processorregisters, accessing and/or modifying inputs and/or outputs, providingruntime memory access, and/or other capabilities. One of ordinary skillin art will understand that, while all possible variations of thetechniques for modifying execution and/or functionality of ApplicationProgram 18, Object 180, Processor 11, and/or other processing elementare too voluminous to describe, these techniques are within the scope ofthis disclosure.

In one example, modifying execution and/or functionality of ApplicationProgram 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented through utilizingmetaprogramming techniques, which include applications that canself-modify or that can create, modify, and/or manipulate otherapplications. Self-modifying code, dynamic code, reflection, and/orother techniques can be used to facilitate metaprogramming. In someaspects, metaprogramming is facilitated through a programming language'sability to access and manipulate the internals of the runtime enginedirectly or via an API. In other aspects, metaprogramming is facilitatedthrough dynamic execution of expressions (i.e. anticipatory InstructionSets 526, etc.) that can be created and/or executed at runtime. In yetother aspects, metaprogramming is facilitated through applicationmodification tools, which can perform modifications on an applicationregardless of whether the application's programming language enablesmetaprogramming capabilities. Some operating systems may protect anapplication loaded into memory by restricting access to the loadedapplication. This protection mechanism can be circumvented by utilizingoperating system's, processor's, and/or other low level features orcommands to unprotect the loaded application. For example, aself-modifying application may modify the in-memory image of itself. Todo so, the application can obtain the in-memory address of its code. Theapplication may then change the operating system's or platform'sprotection on this memory range allowing it to modify the code (i.e.insert anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.). In addition to aself-modifying application, one application can utilize similartechnique to modify another application. Linux mprotect command orsimilar commands of other operating systems can be used to changeprotection (i.e. unprotect, etc.) for a region of memory, for example.Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent orsimilar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughnative capabilities of dynamic, interpreted, and/or scriptingprogramming languages and/or platforms. Most of these languages and/orplatforms can perform functionalities at runtime that static programminglanguages may perform during compilation. Dynamic, interpreted, and/orscripting languages provide native functionalities such asself-modification of code, dynamic code, extending the application,adding new code, extending objects and definitions, and/or otherfunctionalities that can modify an application's execution and/orfunctionality at runtime. Examples of dynamic, interpreted, and/orscripting languages include Lisp, Perl, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Python,Smalltalk, Tcl, VBScript, and/or others. Similar functionalities canalso be provided in languages such as Java, C, and/or others usingreflection. Reflection includes the ability of an application to examineand modify the structure and behavior of the application at runtime. Forexample, JavaScript can modify its own code as it runs by utilizingFunction object constructor as follows:

-   -   myFunc=new Function(arg1, arg2, argN, functionBody);

The sample code above causes a new function object to be created withthe specified arguments and body. The body and/or arguments of the newfunction object may include new instruction sets (i.e. anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, etc.). The new function can be invoked as anyother function in the original code. In another example, JavaScript canutilize eval method that accepts a string of JavaScript statements (i.e.anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) and execute them as if theywere within the original code. An example of how eval method can be usedto modify an application includes the following JavaScript code:

-   -   anticipatoryInstr=‘Object1.moveForward(27);’;    -   if (anticipatoryInstr !=“ ” && anticipatoryInstr !=null)    -   {        -   eval(anticipatoryInstr);    -   }

In the sample code above, Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 may generateanticipatory Instruction Set 526 (i.e. ‘Object1.moveForward(27)’ formoving an object forward 27 units, etc.) and save it inanticipatoryInstr variable, which eval method can then execute. Lisp isanother example of dynamic, interpreted, and/or scripting language thatincludes similar capabilities as previously described JavaScript. Forexample, Lisp's compile command can create a function at runtime, evalcommand may parse and evaluate an expression at runtime, and execcommand may execute a given instruction set (i.e. string, etc.) atruntime. In another example, dynamic as well as some non-dynamiclanguages may provide macros, which combine code introspection and/oreval capabilities. In some aspects, macros can access inner workings ofthe compiler, interpreter, virtual machine, runtime environment/engine,and/or other components of the computing platform enabling thedefinition of language-like constructs and/or generation of a completeprogram or sections thereof. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniquesmay provide equivalent or similar functionalities as the above describedones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughdynamic code, dynamic class loading, reflection, and/or other nativefunctionalities of a programming language or platform. In staticapplications or static programming, a class can be defined and/or loadedat compile time. Conversely, in dynamic applications or dynamicprogramming, a class can be loaded into a running environment atruntime. For example, Java Runtime Environment (JRE) may not requirethat all classes be loaded at compile time and class loading can occurwhen a class is first referenced at runtime. Dynamic class loadingenables inclusion or injection of on-demand code and/or functionalitiesat runtime. System provided or custom class loaders may enable loadingof classes into the running environment. Custom class loaders can becreated to enable custom functionalities such as, for example,specifying a remote location from which a class can be loaded. Inaddition to dynamic loading of a pre-defined class, a class can also becreated at runtime. In some aspects, a class source code can be createdat runtime. A compiler such as javac, com.sun.tools.javac.Main,javax.tools, javax.tools.JavaCompiler, and/or other packages can then beutilized to compile the source code. Javac, com.sun.tools.javac.Main,javax.tools, javax.tools.JavaCompiler, and/or other packages may includean interface to invoke Java compiler from within a running application.A Java compiler may accept source code in a file, string, object (i.e.Java String, StringBuffer, CharSequence, etc.) and/or other source, andmay generate Java bytecode (i.e. class file, etc.). Once compiled, aclass loader can then load the compiled class into the runningenvironment. In other aspects, a tool such as Javaassist (i.e. Javaprogramming assistant) can be utilized to enable an application tocreate or modify a class at runtime. Javassist may include a Javalibrary that provides functionalities to create and/or manipulate Javabytecode of an application as well as reflection capabilities. Javassistmay provide source-level and bytecode-level APIs. Using the source-levelAPI, a class can be created and/or modified using only source code,which Javassist may compile seamlessly on the fly. Javassistsource-level API can therefore be used without knowledge of Javabytecode specification. Bytecode-level API enables creating and/orediting a class bytecode directly. In yet other aspects, similarfunctionalities to the aforementioned ones may be provided in tools suchas Apache Commons BCEL (Byte Code Engineering Library), ObjectWeb ASM,CGLIB (Byte Code Generation Library), and/or others. Once a dynamic codeor class is created and loaded, reflection in high-level programminglanguages such as Java and/or others can be used to manipulate or changethe runtime behavior of an application. Examples of reflectiveprogramming languages and/or platforms include Java, JavaScript,Smalltalk, Lisp, Python, .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), Tcl, Ruby,Perl, PHP, Scheme, PL/SQL, and/or others. Reflection can be used in anapplication to access, examine, modify, and/or manipulate a loaded classand/or its elements. Reflection in Java can be implemented by utilizinga reflection API such as java.lang.Reflect package. The reflection APIprovides functionalities such as, for example, loading or reloading aclass, instantiating a new instance of a class, determining class andinstance methods, invoking class and instance methods, accessing andmanipulating a class, fields, methods and constructors, determining themodifiers for fields, methods, classes, and interfaces, and/or otherfunctionalities. The above described dynamic code, dynamic classloading, reflection, and/or other functionalities are similarly providedin the .NET platform through its tools such as, for example,System.CodeDom.Compiler namespace, System.Reflection.Emit namespace,and/or other native or other .NET tools. Other platforms in addition toJava and .NET may provide similar tools and/or functionalities. In somedesigns, dynamic code, dynamic class loading, reflection, and/or otherfunctionalities can be used to facilitate modification of an applicationby inserting or injecting instruction sets (i.e. anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, etc.) into a running application. For example, anexisting or dynamically created class comprising VSAOO Unit 100functionalities can be loaded into a running application through manual,automatic, or dynamic instrumentation. Once the class is created andloaded, an instance of VSAOO Unit 100 class may be constructed. Theinstance of VSAOO Unit 100 can then take or exert control of theapplication and/or implement alternate instruction sets (i.e.anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) at any point in theapplication's execution. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques mayprovide equivalent or similar functionalities as the above describedones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughindependent tools that can be utilized across different platforms. Suchtools provide instrumentation and/or other capabilities on more than oneplatform or computing system and may facilitate application modificationor insertion of instruction sets (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets526, etc.). Examples of these tools include Pin, DynamoRIO, DynInst,Kprobes, KernInst, OpenPAT, DTrace, SystemTap, and/or others. In someaspects, Pin and/or any of its elements, methods, and/or techniques canbe utilized for dynamic instrumentation. Pin can perform instrumentationby taking control of an application after it loads into memory. Pin mayinsert itself into the address space of an executing applicationenabling it to take control. Pin JIT compiler can then compile andimplement alternate code (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.).Pin provides an extensive API for instrumentation at several abstractionlevels. Pin supports two modes of instrumentation, JIT mode and probemode. JIT mode uses a just-in-time compiler to insert instrumentationand recompile program code while probe mode uses code trampolines forinstrumentation. Pin was designed for architecture and operating systemindependence. In other aspects, KernInst and/or any of its elements,methods, and/or techniques can be utilized for dynamic instrumentation.KernInst includes an instrumentation framework designed for dynamicallyinserting code into a running kernel of an operating system. KernInstimplements probe-based dynamic instrumentation where code can beinserted, changed, and/or removed at will. Kerninst API enables clienttools to construct their own tools for dynamic kernel instrumentation tosuit variety of purposes such as insertion of alternate instruction sets(i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.). Client tools cancommunicate with KernInst over a network (i.e. internet, wirelessnetwork, LAW, WAN, etc). Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques mayprovide equivalent or similar functionalities as the above describedones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughutilizing operating system's native tools or capabilities such as Unixptrace command. Ptrace includes a system call that may enable oneprocess to control another allowing the controller to inspect andmanipulate the internal state of its target. Ptrace can be used tomodify a running application such as modifying an application withalternate instruction sets (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526,etc.). By attaching to an application using the ptrace call, thecontrolling application can gain extensive control over the operation ofits target. This may include manipulation of its instruction sets,execution path, file descriptors, memory, registers, and/or othercomponents. Ptrace can single-step through the target's code, observeand intercept system calls and their results, manipulate the target'ssignal handlers, receive and send signals on the target's behalf, and/orperform other operations within the target application. Ptrace's abilityto write into the target application's memory space enables thecontroller to modify the running code of the target application. Otherplatforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughutilizing just-in-time (JIT) compiling. JIT compilation (also known asdynamic translation, dynamic compilation, etc.) includes compilationperformed during an application's execution (i.e. runtime, etc.). A codecan be compiled when it is about to be executed, and it may be cachedand reused later without the need for additional compilation. In someaspects, a JIT compiler can convert source code or byte code intomachine code. In other aspects, a JIT compiler can convert source codeinto byte code. JIT compiling may be performed directly in memory. Forexample, JIT compiler can output machine code directly into memory andimmediately execute it. Platforms such as Java, .NET, and/or others mayimplement JIT compilation as their native functionality. Platformindependent tools for custom system design may include JIT compilationfunctionalities as well. In some aspects, JIT compilation includesredirecting application's execution to a JIT compiler from a specificentry point. For example, Pin can insert its JIT compiler into theaddress space of an application. Once execution is redirected to it, JITcompiler may receive alternate instruction sets (i.e. anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, etc.) immediately before their compilation. TheJIT compiled instruction sets can be stored in memory or anotherrepository from where they may be retrieved and executed. Alternatively,for example, JIT compiler can create a copy of the original applicationcode or a segment thereof, and insert alternate code (i.e. anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, etc.) before compiling the modified code copy. Insome aspects, JIT compiler may include a specialized memory such as fastcache memory dedicated to JIT compiler functionalities from which themodified code can be fetched rapidly. JIT compilation and/or anycompilation in general may include compilation, interpretation, or othertranslation into machine code, bytecode, and/or other formats or typesof code. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provideequivalent or similar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughdynamic recompilation. Dynamic recompilation includes recompiling anapplication or part thereof during execution. An application can bemodified with alternate features or instruction sets that may takeeffect after recompilation. Dynamic recompilation may be practical invarious types of applications including object oriented, event driven,forms based, and/or other applications. In a typical windows-basedapplication, most of the action after initial startup occurs in responseto user or system events such as moving the mouse, selecting a menuoption, typing text, running a scheduled task, making a networkconnection, and/or other events when an event handler is called toperform an operation appropriate for the event. Generally, when noevents are being generated, the application is idle. For example, whenan event occurs and an appropriate event handler is called,instrumentation can be implemented in the application's source code toinsert alternate instruction sets (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets526, etc.) at which point the modified source code can be recompiledand/or executed. In some aspects, the state of the application can besaved before recompiling its modified source code so that theapplication may continue from its prior state. Saving the application'sstate can be achieved by saving its variables, data structures, objects,location of its current instruction, and/or other necessary informationin environmental variables, memory, or other repositories where they canbe accessed once the application is recompiled. In other aspects,application's variables, data structures, objects, address of itscurrent instruction, and/or other necessary information can be saved ina repository such as file, database, or other repository accessible tothe application after recompilation of its source code. Other platforms,tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughmodifying or redirecting Application Program's 18 execution path.Generally, an application can be loaded into memory and the flow ofexecution proceeds from one instruction set to the next until the end ofthe application. An application may include a branching mechanism thatcan be driven by keyboard or other input devices, system events, and/orother computing system components or events that may impact theexecution path. The execution path can also be altered by an externalapplication through acquiring control of execution and/or redirectingexecution to a function, routine/subroutine, or an alternate codesegment at any point in the application's execution. A branch, jump, orother mechanism can be utilized to implement the redirected execution.For example, a jump instruction can be inserted at a specific point inan application's execution to redirect execution to an alternate codesegment. A jump instruction set may include, for example, anunconditional branch, which always results in branching, or aconditional branch, which may or may not result in branching dependingon a condition. When executing an application, a computer may fetch andexecute instruction sets in sequence until it encounters a branchinstruction set. If the instruction set is an unconditional branch, orit is conditional and the condition is satisfied, the computer may fetchits next instruction set from a different instruction set sequence orcode segment as specified by the branch instruction set. After theexecution of the alternate code segment, control may be redirected backto the original jump point or to another point in the application. Forexample, modifying an application can be implemented by redirectingexecution of an application to alternate instruction sets (i.e.anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.). Alternate instruction sets canbe pre-compiled, pre-interpreted, or otherwise pre-translated and readyfor execution. Alternate instruction sets can also be JIT compiled, JITinterpreted, or otherwise JIT translated before execution. Otherplatforms, tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughassembly language. Assembly language instructions may be directlyrelated with the architecture's machine instructions as previouslydescribed. Assembly language can, therefore, be a powerful tool forimplementing direct hardware (i.e. processor registers, memory, etc.)access and manipulations as well as access and manipulations ofspecialized processor features or instructions. Assembly language canalso be a powerful tool for implementing low-level embedded systems,real-time systems, interrupt handlers, self or dynamically modifyingcode, and/or other applications. Specifically, for instance, self ordynamically modifying code that can be used to facilitate modifying ofan application can be seamlessly implemented using assembly language.For example, using assembly language, instruction sets can bedynamically created and loaded into memory similar to the ones that acompiler may generate. Furthermore, using assembly language, memoryspace of a loaded application can be accessed to modify (includingrewrite, overwrite, etc.) original instruction sets or to insert jumpsor branches to alternate code elsewhere in memory. Some operatingsystems may implement protection from changes to applications loadedinto memory. Operating system's, processor's, or other low levelfeatures or commands can be used to unprotect the protected locations inmemory before the change as previously described. Alternatively, apointer that may reside in a memory location where it could be readilyaltered can be utilized where the pointer may reference alternate code.In one example, assembly language can be utilized to write alternatecode (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) into a location inmemory outside a running application's memory space. Assembly languagecan then be utilized to redirect the application's execution to thealternate code by inserting a jump or branch into the application'sin-memory code, by redirecting program counter, or by other technique.In another example, assembly language can be utilized to overwrite orrewrite the entire or part of an application's in-memory code withalternate code. In some aspects, high-level programming languages cancall an external assembly language program to facilitate applicationmodification as previously described. In yet other aspects, relativelylow-level programming languages such as C may allow embedding assemblylanguage directly in their source code such as, for example, using asmkeyword of C. Other platforms, tools, and/or techniques may provideequivalent or similar functionalities as the above described ones.

In a further example, modifying execution and/or functionality ofApplication Program 18 and/or Object 180 can be implemented throughbinary rewriting. Binary rewriting tools and/or techniques may modify anapplication's executable. In some aspects, modification can be minorsuch as in the case of optimization where the original executable'sfunctionality is kept. In other aspects, modification may change theapplication's functionality such as by inserting alternate code (i.e.anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.). Examples of binary rewritingtools include SecondWrite, ATOM, DynamoRIO, Purify, Pin, EEL, DynInst,PLTO, and/or others. Binary rewriting may include disassembly, analysis,and/or modification of target application. Since binary rewriting worksdirectly on machine code executable, it is independent of sourcelanguage, compiler, virtual machine (if one is utilized), and/or otherhigher level abstraction layers. Also, binary rewriting tools canperform application modifications without access to original sourcecode. Binary rewriting tools include static rewriters, dynamicrewriters, minimally-invasive rewriters, and/or others. Static binaryrewriters can modify an executable when the executable is not in use(i.e. not running). The rewritten executable may then be executedincluding any new or modified functionality. Dynamic binary rewriterscan modify an executable during its execution, thereby enablingmodification of an application's functionality at runtime. In someaspects, dynamic rewriters can be used for instrumentation or selectivemodifications such as insertion of alternate code (i.e. anticipatoryInstruction Sets 526, etc.), and/or for other runtime transformations ormodifications. For example, some dynamic rewriters can be configured tointercept an application's execution at indirect control transfers andinsert instrumentation or other application modifying code.Minimally-invasive rewriters may keep the original machine code to thegreatest extent possible. They support limited modifications such asinsertion of jumps into and out of instrumented code. Other platforms,tools, and/or techniques may provide equivalent or similarfunctionalities as the above described ones.

Referring to FIG. 27, in a further example, modifying execution and/orfunctionality of Processor 11 can be implemented through modification ofprocessor registers, memory, or other computing system components. Insome aspects, modifying execution and/or functionality of Processor 11can be implemented by redirecting Processor's 11 execution to alternateinstruction sets (i.e. anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.). In oneexample, Program Counter 211 may hold or point to a memory address ofthe next instruction set that will be executed by Processor 11.Artificial Intelligence Unit 110 may generate anticipatory InstructionSets 526 and store them in Memory 12 as previously described.Modification Interface 130 may then change Program Counter 211 to pointto the location in Memory 12 where anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 arestored. The anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 can then be fetched fromthe location in Memory 12 pointed to by the modified Program Counter 211and loaded into Instruction Register 212 for decoding and execution.Once anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 are executed, ModificationInterface 130 may change Program Counter 211 to point to the lastinstruction set before the redirection or to any other instruction set.In other aspects, anticipatory Instruction Sets 526 can be loadeddirectly into Instruction Register 212. As previously described,examples of other processor or computing system components that can beused during an instruction cycle include memory address register (MAR),memory data register (MDR), data registers, address registers, generalpurpose registers (GPRs), conditional registers, floating pointregisters (FPRs), constant registers, special purpose registers,machine-specific registers, Register Array 214, Arithmetic Logic Unit215, control unit, and/or other circuits or components. Any of theaforementioned processor registers, memory, or other computing systemcomponents can be accessed and/or modified to facilitate the disclosedfunctionalities. In some embodiments, processor interrupt may be issuedto facilitate such access and/or modification. In some designs,modifying execution and/or functionality of Processor 11 can beimplemented in a program, combination of programs and hardware, orpurely hardware system. Dedicated hardware may be built to performmodifying execution and/or functionality of Processor 11 with marginalor no impact to computing overhead. Other platforms, tools, and/ortechniques may provide equivalent or similar functionalities as theabove described ones.

Other additional techniques or elements can be utilized as needed formodifying execution and/or functionality of Application Program 18,Object 180, Processor 11, and/or other processing elements, or some ofthe disclosed techniques or elements can be excluded, or a combinationthereof can be utilized in alternate embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 28, the illustration shows an embodiment of a method6100 for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation. The method can be used on a computing device or system toenable learning of an object's operation in various visual surroundingsand enable autonomous object operation in similar visual surroundings.Method 6100 may include any action or operation of any of the disclosedmethods such as method 6200, 6300, 6400, 6500, 6600, and/or others.Additional steps, actions, or operations can be included as needed, orsome of the disclosed ones can be optionally omitted, or a differentcombination or order thereof can be implemented in alternate embodimentsof method 6100.

At step 6105, a first digital picture is received. In some aspects, adigital picture (i.e. Digital Picture 525, etc.) includes a depiction ofan object's (i.e. Object's 180, etc.) visual surrounding in anapplication. For example, a digital picture includes a depiction of anavatar's surrounding in a 3D application (i.e. 3D computer game, virtualworld, CAD application, etc.). In other aspects, a digital pictureincludes a depiction of a view of an application. For example, a digitalpicture includes a screenshot, an area of interest, a top-down view, aside-on view, or other view of an application. In further aspects, adigital picture includes a depiction of any visual aspects of anapplication or an object thereof. In some embodiments, a digital picturemay include a collection of color encoded pixels or dots. A digitalpicture comprises any type or form of digital picture such as JPEG, GIF,TIFF, PNG, PDF, and/or other digitally encoded picture. In otherembodiments, a stream of digital pictures (i.e. motion picture, video,etc.) may include one or more digital pictures. A stream of digitalpictures comprises any type or form of digital motion picture such asMPEG, AVI, FLV, MOV, RM, SWF, WMV, DivX, and/or other digitally encodedmotion picture. In some aspects, a digital picture may include or besubstituted with a stream of digital pictures, and vice versa.Therefore, the terms digital picture and stream of digital pictures maybe used interchangeably herein depending on context. One or more digitalpictures can be rendered or generated by a renderer (i.e. Renderer 91,etc.) or other picture processing device, apparatus, system, orapplication. In some embodiments, rendering and/or generating may beresponsive to a triggering object, action, event, time, and/or otherstimulus. Once rendered or generated, one or more digital pictures canbe received from a renderer or other picture processing device,apparatus, system, or application. Receiving comprises any action oroperation by or for a Renderer 91, Digital Picture 525, and/or otherdisclosed elements.

At step 6110, one or more instruction sets for operating an object of anapplication are received. In some designs, object includes an avatar ora user-controllable object. In other designs, object includes an objectcontrolled by a system, program, and/or other mechanism for controllingan object. In some aspects, an instruction set (i.e. Instruction Set526, etc.) may be used for operating an object of an application or foroperating the application itself. Therefore, a reference to aninstruction set for operating an object of an application includes orcan be substituted with an instruction set for operating the applicationdepending on context. In some embodiments, an instruction set (i.e.Instruction Set 526, etc.) may be used or executed by a processor (i.e.Processor 11, etc.). In other embodiments, an instruction set may bepart of an application program (i.e. Application Program 18, etc.). Theapplication can run or execute on one or more processors or otherprocessing elements. Operating an object (i.e. Object 180, etc.) of anapplication includes performing any operations on or with the object. Aninstruction set may temporally correspond to a digital picture. In someaspects, an instruction set that temporally corresponds to a digitalpicture may include an instruction set used or executed at the time ofreceiving or capturing the digital picture. In other aspects, aninstruction set that temporally corresponds to a digital picture mayinclude an instruction set used or executed within a certain time periodbefore and/or after receiving or capturing the digital picture. Any timeperiod may be utilized. In further aspects, an instruction set thattemporally corresponds to a digital picture may include an instructionset used or executed from the time of capturing of the digital pictureto the time of capturing of a next digital picture. In further aspects,an instruction set that temporally corresponds to a digital picture mayinclude an instruction set used or executed from the time of capturingof a preceding digital picture to the time of capturing of the digitalpicture. Any other temporal relationship or correspondence betweendigital pictures and correlated instruction sets can be implemented. Ingeneral, an instruction set that temporally corresponds to a digitalpicture enables structuring knowledge of an object's operation at oraround the time of the receiving or capturing the digital picture. Suchfunctionality enables spontaneous or seamless learning of an object'soperation in various visual surroundings as user operates the object inreal life situations. In some designs, an instruction set can bereceived from a processor, application program, object, and/or otherprocessing element as the instruction set is being used or executed. Inother aspects, an instruction set can be received from a processor,application program, object, and/or other processing element after theinstruction set is used or executed. In further aspects, an instructionset can be received from a processor, application program, object,and/or other processing element before the instruction set has been usedor executed. An instruction set can be received from a runningprocessor, running application program, running object, and/or otherrunning processing element. As such, an instruction set can be receivedat runtime. In some embodiments, an instruction set may include one ormore commands, keywords, symbols (i.e. parentheses, brackets, commas,semicolons, etc.), instructions, operators (i.e. =, <, >, etc.),variables, values, objects (i.e. file handle, network connection,Object1, etc.), data structures (i.e. table, database, user defined datastructure, etc.), functions (i.e. Function1( ), FIRST( ), MIN( ), SQRT(), etc.), parameters, states, signals, inputs, outputs, and/orreferences thereto. In other embodiments, an instruction set may includesource code, bytecode, intermediate code, compiled, interpreted, orotherwise translated code, runtime code, assembly code, machine code,and/or any other computer code. In further embodiments, an instructionset can be compiled, interpreted or otherwise translated into machinecode or any intermediate code (i.e. bytecode, assembly code, etc.). Insome aspects, an instruction set can be received from memory (i.e.Memory 12, etc.), hard drive, or any other storage element orrepository. In other aspects, an instruction set can be received over anetwork such as Internet, local area network, wireless network, and/orother network. In further aspects, an instruction set can be received byan interface (i.e. Acquisition Interface 120, etc.) configured to obtaininstruction sets from a processor, application program, object, and/orother element. In general, an instruction set can be received by anyelement of the system. In some embodiments, receiving may be responsiveto a triggering object, action, event, time, and/or other stimulus.Receiving comprises any action or operation by or for an AcquisitionInterface 120, Instruction Set 526, and/or other disclosed elements.

At step 6115, the first digital picture is correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the object of the application. Insome aspects, individual digital pictures can be correlated with one ormore instruction sets. In other aspects, streams of digital pictures canbe correlated with one or more instruction sets. In further aspects,individual digital pictures or streams of digital pictures can becorrelated with temporally corresponding instruction sets as previouslydescribed. In further aspects, a digital picture or stream of digitalpictures may not be correlated with any instruction sets. Correlatingmay include structuring or generating a knowledge cell (i.e. KnowledgeCell 800, etc.) and storing one or more digital pictures correlated withany instruction sets into the knowledge cell. Therefore, knowledge cellmay include any data structure or arrangement that can facilitate suchstoring. A knowledge cell includes a unit of knowledge of how an objectoperated in a visual surrounding. In some designs, extra information(i.e. Extra Info 527, etc.) may optionally be used to facilitateenhanced comparisons or decision making in autonomous object operationwhere applicable. Therefore, any digital picture, instruction set,and/or other element may include or be correlated with extrainformation. Extra information may include any information useful incomparisons or decision making performed in autonomous object operation.Examples of extra information include time information, locationinformation, computed information, observed information, acousticinformation, contextual information, and/or other information. In someembodiments, correlating may be responsive to a triggering object,action, event, time, and/or other stimulus. Correlating may be omittedwhere learning of an object's operations in visual surroundings is notimplemented. Correlating comprises any action or operation by or for aKnowledge Structuring Unit 520, Knowledge Cell 800, and/or otherdisclosed elements.

At step 6120, the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application is stored.A digital picture correlated with one or more instruction sets may bepart of a stored plurality of digital pictures correlated with one ormore instruction sets. Digital pictures correlated with any instructionsets can be stored in a memory unit or other repository. The previouslydescribed knowledge cells comprising digital pictures correlated withany instruction sets can be used in/as neurons, nodes, vertices, orother elements in any of the data structures or arrangements (i.e.neural networks, graphs, sequences, collection of knowledge cells, etc.)used for storing the knowledge of an object's operation in visualsurroundings. Knowledge cells may be connected, interrelated, orinterlinked into knowledge structures using statistical, artificialintelligence, machine learning, and/or other models or techniques. Suchinterconnected or interrelated knowledge cells can be used for enablingautonomous object operation. The interconnected or interrelatedknowledge cells may be stored or organized into a knowledgebase (i.e.Knowledgebase 530, etc.). In some embodiments, knowledgebase may be orinclude a neural network (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, etc.). In otherembodiments, knowledgebase may be or include a graph (i.e. Graph 530 b,etc.). In further embodiments, knowledgebase may be or include acollection of sequences (i.e. Collection of Sequences 530 c, etc.). Infurther embodiments, knowledgebase may be or include a sequence (i.e.Sequence 533, etc.). In further embodiments, knowledgebase may be orinclude a collection of knowledge cells (i.e. Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d, etc.). In general, knowledgebase may be or include any datastructure or arrangement, and/or repository capable of storing theknowledge of an object's operation in various visual surroundings.Knowledgebase may also include or be substituted with various artificialintelligence methods, systems, and/or models for knowledge structuring,storing, and/or representation such as deep learning, supervisedlearning, unsupervised learning, neural networks (i.e. convolutionalneural network, recurrent neural network, deep neural network, etc.),search-based, logic and/or fuzzy logic-based, optimization-based,tree/graph/other data structure-based, hierarchical, symbolic and/orsub-symbolic, evolutionary, genetic, multi-agent, deterministic,probabilistic, statistical, and/or other methods, systems, and/ormodels. Storing may be omitted where learning of an object's operationsin visual surroundings is not implemented. Storing comprises any actionor operation by or for a Knowledgebase 530, Neural Network 530 a, Graph530 b, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection ofKnowledge Cells 530 d, Knowledge Cell 800, Node 852, Layer 854,Connection 853, Similarity Comparison 125, and/or other disclosedelements.

At step 6125, a new digital picture is received. Step 6125 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6105 as applicable.

At step 6130, the new digital picture is compared with the first digitalpicture. Comparing one digital picture with another digital picture mayinclude comparing at least a portion of one digital picture with atleast a portion of the other digital picture. In some embodiments,digital pictures may be compared individually. In some aspects,comparing of individual pictures may include comparing one or moreregions of one picture with one or more regions of another picture. Inother aspects, comparing of individual pictures may include comparingone or more features of one picture with one or more features of anotherpicture. In further aspects, comparing of individual pictures mayinclude comparing pixels of one picture with pixels of another picture.In other aspects, comparing of individual pictures may includerecognizing a person or object in one digital picture and recognizing aperson or object in another digital picture, and comparing the person orobject from the one digital picture with the person or object from theother digital picture. Comparing may also include other aspects orproperties of digital pictures or pixels examples of which comprisecolor adjustment, size adjustment, content manipulation, transparency(i.e. alpha channel, etc.), use of a mask, and/or others. In otherembodiments, digital pictures may be compared collectively as part ofstreams of digital pictures (i.e. motion pictures, videos, etc.). Insome aspects, collective comparing may include comparing one or moredigital pictures of one stream of digital pictures with one or moredigital pictures of another stream of digital pictures. In some aspects,Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and/or other techniques can be utilized forcomparison and/or aligning temporal sequences (i.e. streams of digitalpictures, etc.) that may vary in time or speed. Any combination of theaforementioned and/or other elements or techniques can be utilized inalternate embodiments of the comparing. Comparing may be omitted whereanticipating of an object's operation in visual surroundings is notimplemented. Comparing comprises any action or operation by or for aDecision-making Unit 540, Similarity Comparison 125, and/or otherdisclosed elements.

At step 6135, a determination is made that there is at least a partialmatch between the new digital picture and the first digital picture. Insome embodiments, determining at least a partial match betweenindividually compared digital pictures includes determining thatsimilarity between one or more portions of one digital picture and oneor more portions of another digital picture exceeds a similaritythreshold. In other embodiments, determining at least a partial matchbetween individually compared digital pictures includes determining atleast a partial match between one or more portions of one digitalpicture and one or more portions of another digital picture. A portionof a digital picture may include a region, a feature, a pixel, or otherportion. In further embodiments, determining at least a partial matchbetween individually compared digital pictures includes determining thatthe number or percentage of matching or substantially matching regionsof the compared pictures exceeds a threshold number (i.e. 1, 2, 5, 11,39, etc.) or threshold percentage (i.e. 38%, 63%, 77%, 84%, 98%, etc.).In some aspects, the type of regions, the importance of regions, and/orother elements or techniques relating to regions can be utilized fordetermining similarity using regions. In further aspects, some of theregions can be omitted in determining similarity using regions. Infurther aspects, similarity determination can focus on regions ofinterest from the compared pictures. In further aspects, detection orrecognition of persons or objects in regions of the compared picturescan be utilized for determining similarity. Where a reference to aregion is used herein it should be understood that a portion of a regionor a collection of regions can be used instead of or in addition to theregion. In further embodiments, determining at least a partial matchbetween individually compared digital pictures includes determining thatthe number or percentage of matching or substantially matching featuresof the compared pictures exceeds a threshold number (i.e. 3, 22, 47, 93,128, 431, etc.) or a threshold percentage (i.e. 49%, 53%, 68%, 72%, 95%,etc.). In some aspects, the type of features, the importance offeatures, and/or other elements or techniques relating to features canbe utilized for determining similarity using features. In furtheraspects, some of the features can be omitted in determining similarityusing features. In further aspects, similarity determination can focuson features in certain regions of interest from the compared pictures.In further aspects, detection or recognition of persons or objects usingfeatures in the compared pictures can be utilized for determiningsimilarity. Where a reference to a feature is used herein it should beunderstood that a portion of a feature or a collection of features canbe used instead of or in addition to the feature. In furtherembodiments, determining at least a partial match between individuallycompared digital pictures may include determining that the number orpercentage of matching or substantially matching pixels of the comparedpictures exceeds a threshold number (i.e. 449, 2219, 92229, 442990,1000028, etc.) or a threshold percentage (i.e. 39%, 45%, 58%, 72%, 92%,etc.). In some aspects, some of the pixels can be omitted in determiningsimilarity using pixels. In further aspects, similarity determinationcan focus on pixels in certain regions of interest from the comparedpictures. Where a reference to a pixel is used herein it should beunderstood that a collection of pixels can be used instead of or inaddition to the pixel. In further embodiments, determining at least apartial match between individually compared digital pictures may includedetermining substantial similarity between at least a portion of onedigital picture and at least a portion of another digital picture. Insome aspects, substantial similarity of individually compared digitalpictures can be achieved when a similarity between at least a portion ofone digital picture and at least a portion of another digital pictureexceeds a similarity threshold. In other aspects, substantial similarityof individually compared digital pictures can be achieved when thenumber or percentage of matching or substantially matching regions ofthe compared pictures exceeds a threshold number (i.e. 3, 22, 47, 93,128, 431, etc.) or a threshold percentage (i.e. 49%, 53%, 68%, 72%, 95%,etc.). In further aspects, substantial similarity of individuallycompared digital pictures can be achieved when the number or percentageof matching or substantially matching features of the compared picturesexceeds a threshold number (i.e. 1, 2, 5, 11, 39, etc.) or thresholdpercentage (i.e. 38%, 63%, 77%, 84%, 98%, etc.). In further aspects,substantial similarity of individually compared digital pictures can beachieved when the number or percentage of matching or substantiallymatching pixels of the compared pictures exceeds a threshold number(i.e. 449, 2219, 92229, 442990, 1000028, etc.) or a threshold percentage(i.e. 39%, 45%, 58%, 72%, 92%, etc.). In some designs, substantialsimilarity of individually compared digital pictures can be achievedtaking into account objects or persons detected within the compareddigital pictures. For example, substantial similarity can be achieved ifsame or similar objects or persons are detected in the comparedpictures. In some embodiments, determining at least a partial matchbetween collectively compared digital pictures (i.e. streams of digitalpictures [i.e. motion pictures, videos, etc.], etc.) may includedetermining that the number or percentage of matching or substantiallymatching digital pictures of the compared streams of digital picturesexceeds a threshold number (i.e. 28, 74, 283, 322, 995, 874, etc.) or athreshold percentage (i.e. 29%, 33%, 58%, 72%, 99%, etc.). In someaspects, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and/or other techniques for aligningtemporal sequences (i.e. streams of digital pictures, etc.) that mayvary in time or speed can be utilized in determining similarity ofcollectively compared digital pictures or streams digital pictures. Inother aspects, the order of digital pictures, the importance of digitalpictures, and/or other elements or techniques relating to digitalpictures can be utilized for determining similarity of collectivelycompared digital pictures or streams digital pictures. In furtheraspects, some of the digital pictures can be omitted in determiningsimilarity of collectively compared digital pictures or streams digitalpictures. In some designs, a threshold for a number or percentagesimilarity can be used to determine a match or substantial match betweenany of the aforementioned elements. Any combination of theaforementioned and/or other elements or techniques can be utilized inalternate embodiments. Determining may be omitted where anticipating ofan object's operation in visual surroundings is not implemented.Determining comprises any action or operation by or for aDecision-making Unit 540, Similarity Comparison 125, and/or otherdisclosed elements.

At step 6140, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture areexecuted. The executing may be performed in response to theaforementioned determining. The executing may be caused by VSAOO Unit100, Artificial Intelligence Unit 110, and/or other disclosed elements.An instruction set may be executed by a processor (i.e. Processor 11,etc.), application program (i.e. Application Program 18, etc.), and/orother processing element. Executing may include executing one or morealternate instruction sets instead of or prior to an instruction setthat would have been executed in a regular course of execution. In someaspects, alternate instruction sets comprise one or more instructionsets for operating an object correlated with one or more digitalpictures. In some embodiments, executing may include modifying aregister or other element of a processor with one or more alternateinstruction sets. Executing may also include redirecting a processor toone or more alternate instruction sets. In further embodiments, aprocessor may include an application including instruction sets foroperating an object, the application running on the processor. In someaspects, executing includes executing one or more alternate instructionsets as part of the application. In other aspects, executing includesmodifying the application. In further aspects, executing includesredirecting the application to one or more alternate instruction sets.In further aspects, executing includes modifying one or more instructionsets of the application. In further aspects, executing includesmodifying the application's source code, bytecode, intermediate code,compiled code, interpreted code, translated code, runtime code, assemblycode, machine code, or other code. In further aspects, executingincludes modifying memory, processor register, storage, repository orother element where the application's instruction sets are stored orused. In further aspects, executing includes modifying instruction setsused for operating an object of the application. In further aspects,executing includes modifying an element of a processor, an element of anobject, a virtual machine, a runtime engine, an operating system, anexecution stack, a program counter, or a user input used in running theapplication. In further aspects, executing includes modifying theapplication at source code write time, compile time, interpretationtime, translation time, linking time, loading time, runtime, or othertime. In further aspects, executing includes modifying one or more ofthe application's lines of code, statements, instructions, functions,routines, subroutines, basic blocks, or other code segments. In furtheraspects, executing includes a manual, automatic, dynamic, just in time(JIT), or other instrumentation of the application. In further aspects,executing includes utilizing one or more of a .NET tool, .NETapplication programming interface (API), Java tool, Java API, operatingsystem tool, independent tool or other tool for modifying theapplication. In further aspects, executing includes utilizing a dynamic,interpreted, scripting or other programming language. In furtheraspects, executing includes utilizing dynamic code, dynamic classloading, or reflection. In further aspects, executing includes utilizingassembly language. In further aspects, executing includes utilizingmetaprogramming, self-modifying code, or an application modificationtool. In further aspects, executing includes utilizing just in time(JIT) compiling, JIT interpretation, JIT translation, dynamicrecompiling, or binary rewriting. In further aspects, executing includesutilizing dynamic expression creation, dynamic expression execution,dynamic function creation, or dynamic function execution. In furtheraspects, executing includes adding or inserting additional code into theapplication's code. In further aspects, executing includes modifying,removing, rewriting, or overwriting the application's code. In furtheraspects, executing includes branching, redirecting, extending, or hotswapping the application's code. Branching or redirecting anapplication's code may include inserting a branch, jump, or other meansfor redirecting the application's execution. Executing comprises anyaction or operation by or for a Processor 11, Application Program 18,Modification Interface 130, and/or other disclosed elements.

At step 6145, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture are performed by the object of theapplication. The one or more operations may be performed in response tothe aforementioned executing. In some aspects, an operation includes anyoperation that can be performed by, with, or on the object of theapplication. For example, an operation includes moving, maneuvering,jumping, running, shooting, selecting, and/or other operations. In otheraspects, an operation includes any operation that can be performed by,with, or on the application. One of ordinary skill in art will recognizethat, while all possible variations of operations by/with/on an objector application are too voluminous to list and limited only by theobject's or application's design and/or user's utilization, otheroperations are within the scope of this disclosure in variousimplementations.

Referring to FIG. 29, the illustration shows an embodiment of a method6200 for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation. The method can be used on a computing device or system toenable learning of an object's operation in various visual surroundingsand enable autonomous object operation in similar visual surroundings.Method 6200 may include any action or operation of any of the disclosedmethods such as method 6100, 6300, 6400, 6500, 6600, and/or others.Additional steps, actions, or operations can be included as needed, orsome of the disclosed ones can be optionally omitted, or a differentcombination or order thereof can be implemented in alternate embodimentsof method 6200.

At step 6205, a first digital picture is received. Step 6205 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6105 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6210, one or more instruction sets for operating an object of anapplication are received. Step 6210 may include any action or operationdescribed in Step 6110 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6215, the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application arelearned. Step 6215 may include any action or operation described in Step6115 and/or Step 6120 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6220, a new digital picture is received. Step 6220 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6125 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6225, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture areanticipated based on at least a partial match between the new digitalpicture and the first digital picture. Step 6225 may include any actionor operation described in Step 6130 and/or Step 6135 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6230, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first digital picture areexecuted. Step 6230 may include any action or operation described inStep 6140 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6235, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first digital picture are performed by the object of theapplication. Step 6235 may include any action or operation described inStep 6145 of method 6100 as applicable.

Referring to FIG. 30, the illustration shows an embodiment of a method6300 for learning and/or using visual surrounding for autonomous objectoperation. The method can be used on a computing device or system toenable learning of an object's operation in various visual surroundingsand enable autonomous object operation in similar visual surroundings.Method 6300 may include any action or operation of any of the disclosedmethods such as method 6100, 6200, 6400, 6500, 6600, and/or others.Additional steps, actions, or operations can be included as needed, orsome of the disclosed ones can be optionally omitted, or a differentcombination or order thereof can be implemented in alternate embodimentsof method 6300.

At step 6305, a first stream of digital pictures is received. Step 6305may include any action or operation described in Step 6105 of method6100 as applicable.

At step 6310, one or more instruction sets for operating an object of anapplication are received. Step 6310 may include any action or operationdescribed in Step 6110 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6315, the first stream of digital pictures is correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the object of theapplication. Step 6315 may include any action or operation described inStep 6115 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6320, the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the object of the applicationare stored. Step 6320 may include any action or operation described inStep 6120 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6325, a new stream of digital pictures is received. Step 6325may include any action or operation described in Step 6125 of method6100 as applicable.

At step 6330, the new stream of digital pictures is compared with thefirst stream of digital pictures. Step 6330 may include any action oroperation described in Step 6130 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6335, a determination is made that there is at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures. Step 6335 may include any action or operationdescribed in Step 6135 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6340, the one or more instruction sets for operating the objectof the application correlated with the first stream of digital picturesare executed. Step 6340 may include any action or operation described inStep 6140 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6345, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the object of the application correlatedwith the first stream of digital pictures are performed by the object ofthe application. Step 6345 may include any action or operation describedin Step 6145 of method 6100 as applicable.

Referring to FIG. 31, the illustration shows an embodiment of a method6400 for learning and/or using views of an application for autonomousapplication operation. The method can be used on a computing device orsystem to enable learning of an application's operation related tovarious views of the application and enable autonomous applicationoperation related to similar views. Method 6400 may include any actionor operation of any of the disclosed methods such as method 6100, 6200,6300, 6500, 6600, and/or others. Additional steps, actions, oroperations can be included as needed, or some of the disclosed ones canbe optionally omitted, or a different combination or order thereof canbe implemented in alternate embodiments of method 6400.

At step 6405, a first digital picture is received. Step 6405 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6105 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6410, one or more instruction sets for operating an applicationare received. Step 6410 may include any action or operation described inStep 6110 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6415, the first digital picture is correlated with the one ormore instruction sets for operating the application. Step 6415 mayinclude any action or operation described in Step 6115 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6420, the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application are stored. Step 6420 mayinclude any action or operation described in Step 6120 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6425, a new digital picture is received. Step 6425 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6125 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6430, the new digital picture is compared with the first digitalpicture. Step 6430 may include any action or operation described in Step6130 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6435, a determination is made that there is at least a partialmatch between the new digital picture and the first digital picture.Step 6435 may include any action or operation described in Step 6135 ofmethod 6100 as applicable.

At step 6440, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture are executed. Step6440 may include any action or operation described in Step 6140 ofmethod 6100 as applicable.

At step 6445, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture are performed by the application. Step 6445 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6145 of method 6100 asapplicable.

Referring to FIG. 32, the illustration shows an embodiment of a method6500 for learning and/or using views of an application for autonomousapplication operation. The method can be used on a computing device orsystem to enable learning of an application's operation related tovarious views of the application and enable autonomous applicationoperation related to similar views. Method 6500 may include any actionor operation of any of the disclosed methods such as method 6100, 6200,6300, 6400, 6600, and/or others. Additional steps, actions, oroperations can be included as needed, or some of the disclosed ones canbe optionally omitted, or a different combination or order thereof canbe implemented in alternate embodiments of method 6500.

At step 6505, a first digital picture is received. Step 6505 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6105 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6510, one or more instruction sets for operating an applicationare received. Step 6510 may include any action or operation described inStep 6110 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6515, the first digital picture correlated with the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application are learned. Step 6515may include any action or operation described in Step 6115 and/or Step6120 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6520, a new digital picture is received. Step 6520 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6125 of method 6100 asapplicable.

At step 6525, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture are anticipatedbased on at least a partial match between the new digital picture andthe first digital picture. Step 6525 may include any action or operationdescribed in Step 6130 and/or Step 6135 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6530, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first digital picture are executed. Step6530 may include any action or operation described in Step 6140 ofmethod 6100 as applicable.

At step 6535, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firstdigital picture are performed by the application. Step 6535 may includeany action or operation described in Step 6145 of method 6100 asapplicable.

Referring to FIG. 33, the illustration shows an embodiment of a method6600 for learning and/or using views of an application for autonomousapplication operation. The method can be used on a computing device orsystem to enable learning of an application's operation related tovarious views of the application and enable autonomous applicationoperation related to similar views. Method 6600 may include any actionor operation of any of the disclosed methods such as method 6100, 6200,6300, 6400, 6500, and/or others. Additional steps, actions, oroperations can be included as needed, or some of the disclosed ones canbe optionally omitted, or a different combination or order thereof canbe implemented in alternate embodiments of method 6600.

At step 6605, a first stream of digital pictures is received. Step 6605may include any action or operation described in Step 6105 of method6100 as applicable.

At step 6610, one or more instruction sets for operating an applicationare received. Step 6610 may include any action or operation described inStep 6110 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6615, the first stream of digital pictures is correlated withthe one or more instruction sets for operating the application. Step6615 may include any action or operation described in Step 6115 ofmethod 6100 as applicable.

At step 6620, the first stream of digital pictures correlated with theone or more instruction sets for operating the application are stored.Step 6620 may include any action or operation described in Step 6120 ofmethod 6100 as applicable.

At step 6625, a new stream of digital pictures is received. Step 6625may include any action or operation described in Step 6125 of method6100 as applicable.

At step 6630, the new stream of digital pictures is compared with thefirst stream of digital pictures. Step 6630 may include any action oroperation described in Step 6130 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6635, a determination is made that there is at least a partialmatch between the new stream of digital pictures and the first stream ofdigital pictures. Step 6635 may include any action or operationdescribed in Step 6135 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6640, the one or more instruction sets for operating theapplication correlated with the first stream of digital pictures areexecuted. Step 6640 may include any action or operation described inStep 6140 of method 6100 as applicable.

At step 6645, one or more operations defined by the one or moreinstruction sets for operating the application correlated with the firststream of digital pictures are performed by the application. Step 6645may include any action or operation described in Step 6145 of method6100 as applicable.

Concerning methods 6400, 6500, and 6600, any features, functionalities,and embodiments of the systems and methods described above with respectto learning Object's 180 operations in various visual surroundingsand/or enabling Object's 180 autonomous operation similarly apply tolearning Application Program's 18 operations related to various views ofApplication Program 18 and/or enabling Application Program's 18autonomous operation. Therefore, in addition to the previously describedfeatures, functionalities, and embodiments of the system elements, thesystem elements include the following features, functionalities, andembodiments. In some aspects, VSAOO Unit 100 comprises the functionalityfor learning the operation of Application Program 18 related to variousviews of Application Program 18. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises thefunctionality for structuring and/or storing this knowledge in aknowledgebase (i.e. neural network, graph, sequences, other repository,etc.). VSAOO Unit 100 further comprises the functionality for enablingautonomous operation of Application Program 18 related to various viewsof Application Program 18. VSAOO Unit 100 comprises the functionalityfor learning and/or implementing User's 50 knowledge, methodology, orstyle of operating Application Program 18 related to various views ofApplication Program 18. In other aspects, Artificial Intelligence Unit110 comprises the functionality for learning Application Program's 18operation related to various views such as learning one or more DigitalPictures 525 of Application Program's 18 views correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. Artificial Intelligence Unit110 further comprises the functionality for anticipating ApplicationProgram's 18 operation related to various views such as anticipating oneor more Instruction Sets 526 based on one or more incoming DigitalPictures 525 of Application Program's 18 views. In further aspects,Knowledge Structuring Unit 520 comprises the functionality forstructuring the knowledge of Application Program's 18 operation relatedto various views of Application Program 18 such as correlating one ormore Digital Pictures 525 of Application Program's 18 views with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. Knowledge Structuring Unit520 further comprises the functionality for creating or generatingKnowledge Cell 800 and storing one or more Digital Pictures 525correlated with any Instruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527 into theKnowledge Cell 800. Knowledge Cell 800 includes a unit of knowledge ofhow Application Program 18 operated related to a view of ApplicationProgram 18. In further aspects, Knowledgebase 530 comprises thefunctionality for storing the knowledge of Application Program's 18operation related to various views such as storing one or more DigitalPictures 525 of Application Program's 18 views correlated with anyInstruction Sets 526 and/or Extra Info 527. In further aspects,Decision-making Unit 540 comprises the functionality for anticipating ordetermining Application Program's 18 operation related to various viewssuch as anticipating or determining Instruction Sets 526 (i.e.anticipatory Instruction Sets 526, etc.) to be used or executed inApplication Program's 18 autonomous operation based on incoming DigitalPictures 525 of Application Program's 18 views.

Referring to FIG. 34, in some exemplary embodiments, Application Program18 may be or include a 3D Computer Game 18 a. Object 180 may be orinclude Avatar 180 a within 3D Computer Game 18 a. Examples of Avatar180 a include a character, a creature, and/or other representation ofUser 50. Examples of 3D Computer Game 18 a include a first shooter game,a flight simulation, a driving simulation, and/or others. ComputingDevice 70 may include Renderer 91 that renders or processes one or moreDigital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 a visual surrounding in 3D ComputerGame 18 a. In some aspects, Renderer 91 may render or generate DigitalPictures 525 of Avatar's 180 a visual surrounding as seen throughAvatar's 180 a eyes (i.e. first person view, etc.) as indicated by thedotted sight lines. In other aspects, Renderer 91 may render or generateDigital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 a visual surrounding as seen from astandpoint of Avatar's 180 a observer (i.e. third person view, etc.).Avatar 180 a may be controlled by Processor 11, 3D Computer Game 18 a,and/or other processing element that receives User's 50 (i.e. gameplayer's, etc.) operating directions and causes desired operations withAvatar 180 a such as moving, maneuvering, shooting, jumping, and/orother operations. User 50 can interact with Processor 11, 3D ComputerGame 18 a, and/or other processing element through inputting operatingdirections (i.e. manipulating game controller elements, pressingkeyboard buttons, tilting a joystick, etc.) via Human-machine Interface23 such as a game controller, keyboard, joystick, or other input device.For instance, responsive to User's 50 manipulating one or more gamecontroller elements, Processor 11 or 3D Computer Game 18 a may causeAvatar 180 a to move, maneuver, shoot, jump, and/or perform otheroperations. Computing Device 70 may include or be coupled to VSAOO Unit100. VSAOO Unit 100 may be embedded (i.e. integrated, etc.) into orcoupled to Computing Device's 70 Processor 11 and/or other processingelement. VSAOO Unit 100 may also be a program embedded (i.e. integrated,etc.) into or interfaced with 3D Computer Game 18 a running on Processor11 and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 can obtainInstruction Sets 526 used or executed by Processor 11, 3D Computer Game18 a, and/or other processing element. The obtained Instruction Sets 526may be used or executed to operate Avatar 180 a. In some aspects,Instruction Sets 526 may include one or more instruction sets fromComputing Device's 70 Processor's 11 registers or other components. Inother aspects, Instruction Sets 526 may include one or more instructionsets used or executed in 3D Computer Game 18 a running on Processor 11and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 may also optionallyobtain any Extra Info 527 (i.e. time, location, computed, observed,acoustic, and/or other information, etc.) related to Avatar's 180 aoperation. As User 50 operates Avatar 180 a in various visualsurroundings as shown, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn Avatar's 180 aoperations in visual surroundings by correlating Digital Pictures 525 ofAvatar's 180 a visual surrounding with one or more Instruction Sets 526used or executed by Processor 11, 3D Computer Game 18 a, and/or otherprocessing element. Any Extra Info 527 related to Avatar's 180 aoperation may also optionally be correlated with Digital Pictures 525 ofAvatar's 180 a visual surrounding. VSAOO Unit 100 may store thisknowledge into Knowledgebase 530 (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530b, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d, etc.). In the future, VSAOO Unit 110 may compare incomingDigital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 a visual surrounding withpreviously learned Digital Pictures 525 including optionally using anyExtra Info 527 for enhanced decision making. If substantially similar orat least a partial match is found or determined, the Instruction Sets526 correlated with the previously learned Digital Pictures 525 can beautonomously executed by Processor 11, 3D Computer Game 18 a, and/orother processing element, thereby enabling autonomous operation ofAvatar 180 a in a similar visual surrounding as in a previously learnedone. For instance, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn User 50-directed shooting atOpponent 181 by Avatar 180 a in a visual surrounding that includesOpponent 181. In the future, when visual surrounding that includes sameor similar Opponent 181 is encountered, or when same or similar Opponent181 is detected, VSAOO Unit 100 may implement the shooting at Opponent181 by Avatar 180 a autonomously. One of ordinary skill in art willunderstand that the aforementioned functionalities described withrespect to 3D Computer Game 18 a can be implemented in any 3DApplication Program 18 such as a 3D virtual world, computer aided design(CAD) application, and/or others.

In some embodiments, one or more Renderers 91 may render or generateDigital Pictures 525 of a plurality of views of Avatar's 180 a visualsurrounding. In one example, one or more Renderers 91 may render orgenerate Digital Pictures 525 of different angles of Avatar's 180 afront. In another example, one or more Renderers 91 may render orgenerate Digital Pictures 525 of the front, sides, and/or back of Avatar180 a. In a further example, one or more Renderers 91 may render orgenerate Digital Pictures 525 of views from different sub-elements ofAvatar 180 a such as from Avatar's 180 a head, arms, and legs, therebyenabling learning the operations of the sub-elements in visualsurroundings as seen from the perspective of the sub-elements. In somedesigns where multiple views of Avatar's 180 a surrounding are utilized,as User 50 operates Avatar 180 a in various visual surroundings, VSAOOUnit 100 may learn Avatar's 180 a operation in visual surroundings bycorrelating collective Digital Pictures 525 of various views of Avatar's180 a visual surrounding from Renderer 91 with one or more InstructionSets 526 used or executed by Processor 11, 3D Computer Game 18 a, and/orother processing element. In other designs where multiple views ofAvatar's 180 a surrounding are utilized, multiple VSAOO Units 100 mayalso be utilized (i.e. one VSAOO Unit 100 for each view, etc.). In suchdesigns, as User 50 operates Avatar 180 a in various visualsurroundings, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn Avatar's 180 a operation invisual surroundings by correlating Digital Pictures 525 of a view ofAvatar's 180 a visual surrounding from Renderer 91 assigned to the VSAOOUnit 100 with one or more Instruction Sets 526 used or executed byProcessor 11, 3D Computer Game 18 a, and/or other processing element.Each sub-element of Avatar 180 a can, therefore, perform its ownlearning and/or decision making in autonomous operation.

In some embodiments, Avatar 180 a can be controlled by a combination ofVSAOO Unit 100 and User 50 and/or other systems. In some aspects, Avatar180 a controlled by VSAOO Unit 100 may encounter a visual surroundingthat has not been encountered or learned before. In such situations,User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system may take control of Avatar's 180 aoperation. VSAOO Unit 100 may take control again when Avatar 180 aencounters a previously learned visual surrounding. Naturally, VSAOOUnit 100 can learn Avatar's 180 a operation in visual surroundings whileUser 50 and/or non-VSAOO system is in control of Avatar 180 a, therebyreducing or eliminating the need for future involvement of User 50and/or non-VSAOO system. In some implementations, one User 50 cancontrol or assist in controlling multiple VSAOO enabled Avatars 180 a.In one example, User 50 can control or assist in controlling an Avatar180 a that may encounter a visual surrounding that has not beenencountered or learned before while the Avatars 180 a operating inpreviously learned visual surroundings can operate autonomously underthe control of VSAOO Unit 100. In another example, User 50 can controlmultiple Avatars 180 a by switching among Avatars 180 a at will, whereUser 50 may control an active Avatar 180 a while other Avatars 180 a mayoperate autonomously under the control of VSAOO Unit 100. In otheraspects, Avatar 180 a may be primarily controlled by User 50 and/ornon-VSAOO system. User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system can release control toVSAOO Unit 100 for any reason (i.e. User 50 gets tired or distracted,non-VSAOO system gets stuck or cannot make a decision, etc.), at whichpoint Avatar 180 a can be controlled by VSAOO Unit 100. In furtheraspects, VSAOO Unit 100 may take control in certain special visualsurroundings where VSAOO Unit 100 may offer superior performance even ifUser 50 and/or non-VSAOO system may generally be preferred. Once Avatar180 a leaves such special visual surrounding, VSAOO Unit 100 may releasecontrol to User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system. In general, VSAOO Unit 100can take control from, share control with, or release control to User50, non-VSAOO system, and/or other system or process at any time, underany circumstances, and remain in control for any period of time asneeded.

In some embodiments, VSAOO Unit 100 may control one or more sub-elementsof Avatar 180 a while User 50 and/or non-VSAOO system may control otherone or more sub-elements of Avatar 180 a. For example, VSAOO Unit 100may control the legs for moving Avatar 180 a, while User 50 and/ornon-VSAOO system may control the arms for Avatar's 180 a shooting. Anyother combination of controlling various sub-elements or functions ofAvatar 180 a by VSAOO Unit 100, User 50, and/or non-VSAOO system can beimplemented.

In some embodiments, VSAOO Unit 100 enables learning of a particularUser's 50 (i.e. player's, etc.) knowledge, methodology, or style ofoperating Avatar 180 a. In some aspects, learning of a particular User's50 knowledge, methodology, or style of operating Avatar 180 a includeslearning the User's 50 directing or operating Avatar 180 a in certainvisual surroundings and/or circumstances. In one example, one User 50may shoot opponent while another User 50 may strike the opponent with asword. In another example, one User 50 may jump over an obstacle whileanother User 50 may move around the obstacle. In a further example, oneUser 50 may drive fast in a racing game while another User 50 may drivecautiously, and so on. The knowledge of User's 50 methodology or styleof operating Avatar 180 a can be used to enable personalized autonomousoperation of Avatar 180 a specific to a particular User 50. Therefore,VSAOO-enabled Avatar 180 a may exemplify User's 50 knowledge,methodology, or style of operating Avatar 180 a as learned from User 50.In some aspects, this functionality enables one or more VSAOO-enabledAvatars 180 a to be utilized in 3D Computer Game 18 a to assist User 50in defeating an opponent or achieving another game goal. In one example,User 50 can utilize a team of VSAOO-enabled Avatars 180 a each of whichmay exemplify User's 50 knowledge, methodology, or style of operatingAvatar 180 a. In one instance, VSAOO-enabled Avatars 180 a may bedispersed around a User 50-controlled Avatar 180 a within a specificradius and follow User 50-controlled Avatar's 180 a movement. In anotherinstance, VSAOO-enabled Avatars 180 a may move autonomously toward acertain point or goal in 3D Computer Game 18 a. In a further instance,VSAOO-enabled Avatars 180 a can be completely autonomous and rely solelyon the knowledge learned from User's 50 methodology or style ofoperating Avatar 180 a.

In some embodiments, VSAOO Unit 100 enables a professional or otherexperienced game player to record his/her knowledge, methodology, orstyle of operating Avatar 180 a into Knowledgebase 530 (i.e. Graph 530b, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d, etc.) and/or other repository. User 50 can then sell ormake available his/her knowledge, methodology, or style of operatingAvatar 180 a to other users who may want to implement User's 50knowledge, methodology, or style of operating Avatar 180 a.Knowledgebase 530 and/or other repository comprising User's 50knowledge, methodology, or style of operating Avatar 180 a can beavailable to other users via a storage medium, via a network, or viaother means.

One of ordinary skill in art will understand that the features,functionalities, and embodiments described with respect to Avatar 180 acan similarly be implemented by/with/on any Object 180 of ApplicationProgram 18 or by/with/on Application Program 18.

Referring to FIG. 35, in some exemplary embodiments, Application Program18 may be or include a 3D Virtual World 18 b. Object 180 may be orinclude User Controllable Object 180 b within 3D Virtual World 18 b.Examples of User Controllable Object 180 b include a ground, aquatic, oraerial vehicle, a creature, an avatar, and/or other object controllableby User 50. Examples of 3D Virtual World 18 b include Second Life, IMVU,Twinity, and/or others. Computing Device 70 may include Renderer 91 thatrenders or processes one or more Digital Pictures 525 of UserControllable Object's 180 b visual surrounding in 3D Virtual World 18 b.In some aspects, Renderer 91 may render or generate Digital Pictures 525of User Controllable Object's 180 b visual surrounding as seen from astandpoint of User Controllable Object 180 b (i.e. first person view,etc.) as indicated by the dotted sight lines. In other aspects, Renderer91 may render or generate Digital Pictures 525 of User ControllableObject's 180 b visual surrounding as seen from a standpoint of UserControllable Object's 180 b observer (i.e. third person view, etc.).User Controllable Object 180 b may be controlled by Processor 11, 3DVirtual World 18 b, and/or other processing element that receives User's50 (i.e. virtual world participant's, etc.) operating directions andcauses desired operations with User Controllable Object 180 b such asmoving, maneuvering, turning, and/or other operations. User 50 caninteract with Processor 11, 3D Virtual World 18 b, and/or otherprocessing element through inputting operating directions (i.e.manipulating controller elements, pressing keyboard buttons, tilting ajoystick, etc.) via Human-machine Interface 23 such as a controller,keyboard, joystick, or other input device. For instance, responsive toUser's 50 manipulating one or more controller elements, Processor 11 or3D Virtual World 18 b may cause User Controllable Object 180 b to move,maneuver, turn, and/or perform other operations. Computing Device 70 mayinclude or be coupled to VSAOO Unit 100. VSAOO Unit 100 may be embedded(i.e. integrated, etc.) into or coupled to Computing Device's 70Processor 11 and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 may also bea program embedded (i.e. integrated, etc.) into or interfaced with 3DVirtual World 18 b running on Processor 11 and/or other processingelement. VSAOO Unit 100 can obtain Instruction Sets 526 used or executedby Processor 11, 3D Virtual World 18 b, and/or other processing element.The obtained Instruction Sets 526 may be used or executed to operateUser Controllable Object 180 b. In some aspects, Instruction Sets 526may include one or more instruction sets from Computing Device's 70Processor's 11 registers or other components. In other aspects,Instruction Sets 526 may include one or more instruction sets used orexecuted in 3D Virtual World 18 b running on Processor 11 and/or otherprocessing element. VSAOO Unit 100 may also optionally obtain any ExtraInfo 527 (i.e. time, location, computed, observed, acoustic, and/orother information, etc.) related to User Controllable Object's 180 boperation. As User 50 operates User Controllable Object 180 b in variousvisual surroundings as shown, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn User ControllableObject's 180 b operation in visual surroundings by correlating DigitalPictures 525 of User Controllable Object's 180 b visual surrounding withone or more Instruction Sets 526 used or executed by Processor 11, 3DVirtual World 18 b, and/or other processing element. Any Extra Info 527related to User Controllable Object's 180 b operation may alsooptionally be correlated with Digital Pictures 525 of User ControllableObject's 180 b visual surrounding. VSAOO Unit 100 may store thisknowledge into Knowledgebase 530 (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530b, Collection of Sequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of KnowledgeCells 530 d, etc.). In the future, VSAOO Unit 110 may compare incomingDigital Pictures 525 of User Controllable Object's 180 b visualsurrounding with previously learned Digital Pictures 525 includingoptionally using any Extra Info 527 for enhanced decision making. Ifsubstantially similar or at least a partial match is found ordetermined, the Instruction Sets 526 correlated with the previouslylearned Digital Pictures 525 can be autonomously executed by Processor11, 3D Virtual World 18 b, and/or other processing element, therebyenabling autonomous operation of User Controllable Object 180 b in asimilar visual surrounding as in a previously learned one. For instance,VSAOO Unit 100 may learn User 50-directed turn by User ControllableObject 180 b (i.e. vehicle, etc.) in a visual surrounding that includesa street crossing on User Controllable Object's 180 b path. In thefuture, when visual surrounding that includes the street crossing isencountered, or when the street crossing is detected, VSAOO Unit 100 mayimplement the turn by User Controllable Object 180 b autonomously. Oneof ordinary skill in art will understand that the aforementionedfunctionalities described with respect to 3D Virtual World 18 b can beimplemented in any 3D Application Program 18 such as a 3D computer game,computer aided design (CAD) application, and/or others. One of ordinaryskill in art will also understand that the features, functionalities,and embodiments described with respect to User Controllable Object 180 bcan similarly be implemented by/with/on any Object 180 of ApplicationProgram 18 or by/with/on Application Program 18.

Referring to FIG. 36, in some exemplary embodiments, Application Program18 may be or include a 2D Computer Game 18 c. Object 180 may be orinclude Avatar 180 c within 2D Computer Game 18 c. Examples of Avatar180 c include a character, a creature, and/or other representation ofUser 50. Examples of 2D Computer Game 18 c include a strategy game, ashooter game, a tile-matching game, a platform game, and/or others.Computing Device 70 may include Renderer 91 that renders or processesone or more Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 c visual surrounding in2D Computer Game 18 c. In some aspects, Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's180 c visual surrounding may include Avatar 180 c itself as shown.Avatar 180 c may be controlled by Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18 c,and/or other processing element that receives User's 50 (i.e. gameplayer's, etc.) operating directions and causes desired operations withAvatar 180 c such as moving, maneuvering, blocking, shooting, jumping,and/or other operations. User 50 can interact with Processor 11, 2DComputer Game 18 c, and/or other processing element through inputtingoperating directions (i.e. manipulating game controller elements,pressing keyboard buttons, tilting a joystick, etc.) via Human-machineInterface 23 such as a game controller, keyboard, joystick, or otherinput device. For instance, responsive to User's 50 manipulating one ormore game controller elements, Processor 11 or 2D Computer Game 18 c maycause Avatar 180 c to move, maneuver, block, shoot, jump, and/or performother operations. Computing Device 70 may include or be coupled to VSAOOUnit 100. VSAOO Unit 100 may be embedded (i.e. integrated, etc.) into orcoupled to Computing Device's 70 Processor 11 and/or other processingelement. VSAOO Unit 100 may also be a program embedded (i.e. integrated,etc.) into or interfaced with 2D Computer Game 18 c running on Processor11 and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 can obtainInstruction Sets 526 used or executed by Processor 11, 2D Computer Game18 c, and/or other processing element. The obtained Instruction Sets 526may be used or executed to operate Avatar 180 c. In some aspects,Instruction Sets 526 may include one or more instruction sets fromComputing Device's 70 Processor's 11 registers or other components. Inother aspects, Instruction Sets 526 may include one or more instructionsets used or executed in 2D Computer Game 18 c running on Processor 11and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 may also optionallyobtain any Extra Info 527 (i.e. time, location, computed, observed,acoustic, and/or other information, etc.) related to Avatar's 180 coperation. As User 50 operates Avatar 180 c in various visualsurroundings as shown, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn Avatar's 180 c operationin visual surroundings by correlating Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's180 c visual surrounding with one or more Instruction Sets 526 used orexecuted by Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18 c, and/or other processingelement. Any Extra Info 527 related to Avatar's 180 c operation may alsooptionally be correlated with Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 cvisual surrounding. VSAOO Unit 100 may store this knowledge intoKnowledgebase 530 (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collection ofSequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d,etc.). In the future, VSAOO Unit 110 may compare incoming DigitalPictures 525 of Avatar's 180 c visual surrounding with previouslylearned Digital Pictures 525 including optionally using any Extra Info527 for enhanced decision making. If substantially similar or at least apartial match is found or determined, the Instruction Sets 526correlated with the previously learned Digital Pictures 525 can beautonomously executed by Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18 c, and/orother processing element, thereby enabling autonomous operation ofAvatar 180 c in a similar visual surrounding as in a previously learnedone. For instance, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn User 50-directed shieldusage by Avatar 180 c in a visual surrounding that includes Opponent 181shooting at Avatar 180 c. In the future, when visual surrounding thatincludes same or similar Opponent 181 shooting at Avatar 180 c isencountered, or when same or similar Opponent 181 shooting at Avatar 180c is detected, VSAOO Unit 100 may implement the shield usage by Avatar180 c autonomously. One of ordinary skill in art will understand thatthe aforementioned functionalities described with respect to 2D ComputerGame 18 c can be implemented in any 2D Application Program 18 asapplicable. One of ordinary skill in art will also understand that thefeatures, functionalities, and embodiments described with respect toAvatar 180 c can similarly be implemented by/with/on any Object 180 ofApplication Program 18 or by/with/on Application Program 18.

Referring to FIG. 37, in some exemplary embodiments related to thepreviously described exemplary embodiments, Renderer 91 and/or otherelement may render or generate one or more Digital Pictures 525 ofAvatar's 180 c Area of Interest 450. In one example, Area of Interest450 may include a radial, circular, elliptical, or other such areaaround Avatar 180 c. In another example, Area of Interest 450 mayinclude a triangular, rectangular, octagonal or other such area aroundAvatar 180 c. In a further example, Area of Interest 450 may include aspherical, cubical, pyramid-like or other such area around Avatar 180 cas applicable to a 3D application (i.e. 3D computer game, 3D virtualworld, etc.). Any other Area of Interest 450 shape can be utilizedaround Avatar 180 c, around other object, or anywhere in an ApplicationProgram 18. Utilizing Area of Interest 450 enables VSAOO Unit 100 tofocus on Avatar's 180 c immediate surrounding, thereby avoidingextraneous detail in the rest of the surrounding. In some aspects, Areaof Interest 450 can be subdivided into sub-areas (i.e. sub-circles,sub-rectangles, sub-spheres, etc.). Sub-areas can be used to classifythe surrounding by distance from Avatar 180 c. For example, thesurrounding closer to Avatar 180 c may be more important and may beassigned higher importance index or weight. Avatar 180 c can scan itssurrounding by utilizing Area of Interest 450 or detection area. As User50 operates Avatar 180 c in various visual surroundings as shown, VSAOOUnit 100 may learn Avatar's 180 c operation in Area of Interest 450 bycorrelating Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 c Area of Interest 450with one or more Instruction Sets 526 used or executed by Processor 11,2D Computer Game 18 c, and/or other processing element. Any Extra Info527 related to Avatar's 180 c operation may also optionally becorrelated with Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180 c Area of Interest450. VSAOO Unit 100 may store this knowledge into Knowledgebase 530(i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collection of Sequences 530 c,Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d, etc.). In the future,VSAOO Unit 110 may compare incoming Digital Pictures 525 of Avatar's 180c Area of Interest 450 with previously learned Digital Pictures 525including optionally using any Extra Info 527 for enhanced decisionmaking. If substantially similar or at least a partial match is found ordetermined, the Instruction Sets 526 correlated with the previouslylearned Digital Pictures 525 can be autonomously executed by Processor11, 2D Computer Game 18 c, and/or other processing element, therebyenabling autonomous operation of Avatar 180 c in a similar Area ofInterest 450 as in a previously learned one. For instance, ComputingDevice 70 comprising VSAOO Unit 100 may learn User 50-directed shieldusage by Avatar 180 c in an Area of Interest 450 that includes Opponent181 shooting at Avatar 180 c. In the future, when Area of Interest 450that includes same or similar Opponent 181 shooting at Avatar 180 c isencountered, or when same or similar Opponent 181 shooting at Avatar 180c is detected in Area of Interest 450, Computing Device 70 may implementthe shield usage by Avatar 180 c autonomously.

Referring to FIG. 38, in some exemplary embodiments, Application Program18 may be or include a 2D Computer Game 18 d comprising multiple Objects180 that User 50 can control or operate. As multiple Objects 180 canperform operations in such an Application Program 18, a view of theApplication Program 18 including multiple Objects 180 may be morerelevant than a particular Object's 180 visual surrounding. Object 180may be or include User Controllable Object 180 d within 2D Computer Game18 d. Examples of User Controllable Object 180 d include a ground,aquatic, or aerial vehicle, a creature, an avatar, and/or other objectcontrollable by User 50. Examples of 2D Computer Game 18 d include astrategy game, a board game, a tile-matching game, and/or others.Computing Device 70 may include Renderer 91 that renders or processesone or more Digital Pictures 525 of views of 2D Computer Game 18 d. Insome aspects, Digital Pictures 525 of views of 2D Computer Game 18 d mayinclude multiple User Controllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. asshown. User Controllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. may be controlledby Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18 d, and/or other processing elementthat receives User's 50 (i.e. game player's, etc.) operating directionsand causes desired operations with User Controllable Objects 180 d 1-180d 6, etc. such as moving, maneuvering, shooting, and/or otheroperations. User 50 can interact with Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18d, and/or other processing element through inputting operatingdirections (i.e. manipulating game controller elements, pressingkeyboard buttons, tilting a joystick, etc.) via Human-machine Interface23 such as a game controller, keyboard, joystick, or other input device.For instance, responsive to User's 50 manipulating one or more gamecontroller elements, Processor 11 or 2D Computer Game 18 d may causeUser Controllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. to move, maneuver,shoot, and/or perform other operations. Computing Device 70 may includeor be coupled to VSAOO Unit 100. VSAOO Unit 100 may be embedded (i.e.integrated, etc.) into or coupled to Computing Device's 70 Processor 11and/or other processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 may also be a programembedded (i.e. integrated, etc.) into or interfaced with 2D ComputerGame 18 d running on Processor 11 and/or other processing element. VSAOOUnit 100 can obtain Instruction Sets 526 used or executed by Processor11, 2D Computer Game 18 d, and/or other processing element. The obtainedInstruction Sets 526 may be used or executed to operate UserControllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. In some aspects, InstructionSets 526 may include one or more instruction sets from ComputingDevice's 70 Processor's 11 registers or other components. In otheraspects, Instruction Sets 526 may include one or more instruction setsused or executed in 2D Computer Game 18 d running on Processor 11 and/orother processing element. VSAOO Unit 100 may also optionally obtain anyExtra Info 527 (i.e. time, location, computed, observed, acoustic,and/or other information, etc.) related to User Controllable Objects'180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. operation. As User 50 operates User ControllableObjects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. related to various views as shown, VSAOOUnit 100 may learn User Controllable Objects' 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc.operation related to the views by correlating Digital Pictures 525 ofviews of 2D Application Program 18 d with one or more Instruction Sets526 used or executed by Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18 d, and/orother processing element. Any Extra Info 527 related to UserControllable Objects' 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. operation may alsooptionally be correlated with Digital Pictures 525 of views of 2DApplication Program 18 d. VSAOO Unit 100 may store this knowledge intoKnowledgebase 530 (i.e. Neural Network 530 a, Graph 530 b, Collection ofSequences 530 c, Sequence 533, Collection of Knowledge Cells 530 d,etc.). In the future, VSAOO Unit 110 may compare incoming DigitalPictures 525 of views of 2D Application Program 18 d with previouslylearned Digital Pictures 525 including optionally using any Extra Info527 for enhanced decision making. If substantially similar or at least apartial match is found or determined, the Instruction Sets 526correlated with the previously learned Digital Pictures 525 can beautonomously executed by Processor 11, 2D Computer Game 18 d, and/orother processing element, thereby enabling autonomous operation of UserControllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. and/or 2D Application Program18 d related to similar views as in previously learned ones. Forinstance, VSAOO Unit 100 may learn User 50-directed moving and shootingby User Controllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc. related to one ormore views that include Opponents 181 d 1-181 d 5, etc. In the future,when one or more views that include same or similar Opponents 181 d1-181 d 5, etc. is encountered, or when same or similar Opponents 181 d1-181 d 5, etc. are detected, VSAOO Unit 100 may implement the movingand shooting by User Controllable Objects 180 d 1-180 d 6, etc.autonomously. One of ordinary skill in art will understand that theaforementioned functionalities described with respect to 2D ComputerGame 18 d can be implemented in any Application Program 18 such as avirtual world, a web browser, a media application, a word processingapplication, a spreadsheet application, a database application, a GPSapplication, a forms-based application, a 2D application, a 3Dapplication, an operating system, a factory automation application, adevice control application, a vehicle control application, and/or otherapplication or program as applicable. In such Application Programs 18,examples of Objects 180 that can be utilized include a text (i.e.character, word, sentence, etc.), a number, a picture, a form element(i.e. text field, radio button, push button, check box, etc.), agraphical user interface (GUI) element, a 2D shape (i.e. point, line,square, rectangle, circle, triangle, etc.), a 3D shape (i.e. cube,sphere, etc.), a 2D model, a 3D model, a data or database element, aspreadsheet element, a link, and/or others as applicable. One ofordinary skill in art will also understand that the features,functionalities, and embodiments described with respect to any one ormore User Controllable Objects 180 d can similarly be implementedby/with/on any Object 180 of Application Program 18 or by/with/onApplication Program 18.

It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, thesingular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless thecontext clearly dictates otherwise.

A number of embodiments have been described herein. While thisdisclosure contains many specific implementation details, these shouldnot be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or ofwhat may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific toparticular embodiments. It should be understood that variousmodifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention. The logic flows depicted in the figures do not requirethe particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirableresults. In addition, other or additional steps, elements, orconnections can be included, or some of the steps, elements, orconnections can be eliminated, or a combination thereof can be utilizedin the described flows, illustrations, or descriptions. Further, thevarious aspects of the disclosed devices, apparatuses, systems, and/ormethods can be combined in whole or in part with each other to produceadditional implementations. Moreover, separation of various componentsin the embodiments described herein should not be understood asrequiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should beunderstood that the described components can generally be integratedtogether in a single software product or packaged into multiple softwareproducts. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of thefollowing claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: one or more processorcircuits; a memory configured to store at least a first one or moredigital pictures correlated with a first one or more instruction setsfor operating a first application program; a renderer configured torender digital pictures; and an artificial intelligence unit configuredto: receive a new one or more digital pictures from the renderer;anticipate the first one or more instruction sets for operating thefirst application program based on at least partial match between thenew one or more digital pictures and the first one or more digitalpictures, wherein the anticipate includes at least one of: determiningthat a number of at least partially matching portions of the new one ormore digital pictures and portions of the first one or more digitalpictures exceeds a threshold number, or determining that a percentage ofat least partially matching portions of the new one or more digitalpictures and portions of the first one or more digital pictures exceedsa threshold percentage; and cause the one or more processor circuits toexecute the first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program, wherein the cause is performed in response to theanticipate, and wherein the first application program or a secondapplication program autonomously performs one or more operations definedby the first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first one ormore instruction sets for operating the first application programinclude one or more instruction sets for operating an object of thefirst application program, and wherein the first application program orthe second application program autonomously performing the one or moreoperations defined by the first one or more instruction sets foroperating the first application program includes the object or anotherobject of the first application program or an object of the secondapplication program autonomously performing one or more operationsdefined by the one or more instruction sets for operating the object ofthe first application program.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein thefirst one or more digital pictures depict at least a portion of asurrounding of an object of the first application program, and whereinthe new one or more digital pictures depict: at least a portion of asurrounding of the object of the first application program, at least aportion of a surrounding of another object of the first applicationprogram, or at least a portion of a surrounding of an object of thesecond application program.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstapplication program includes: a computer game, a video game, asimulation program, a program including text processing, a programincluding number processing, a program including picture processing, aprogram including object processing, or a program, and wherein thesecond application program includes: a computer game, a video game, asimulation program, a program including text processing, a programincluding number processing, a program including picture processing, aprogram including object processing, or a program, and wherein thememory is further configured to store at least a second one or moredigital pictures correlated with a second one or more instruction setsfor operating the first application program.
 5. The system of claim 1,wherein the cause the one or more processor circuits to execute thefirst one or more instruction sets for operating the first applicationprogram includes: instrumenting at least a portion of the firstapplication program with the first one or more instruction sets foroperating the first application program, or instrumenting at least aportion of the second application program with the first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program.
 6. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the new one or more digital pictures depictat least a portion of a view of the first application program, andwherein the first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program are applied to the first application program so thatthe first application program autonomously performs the one or moreoperations defined by the first one or more instruction sets foroperating the first application program.
 7. The system of claim 1,wherein the new one or more digital pictures depict at least a portionof a view of the second application program, and wherein the first oneor more instruction sets for operating the first application program areapplied to the second application program so that the second applicationprogram autonomously performs the one or more operations defined by thefirst one or more instruction sets for operating the first applicationprogram.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory is furtherconfigured to store at least a knowledge structure that includes: afirst knowledge cell including the first one or more digital picturescorrelated with the first one or more instruction sets for operating thefirst application program, and a second knowledge cell including asecond one or more digital pictures correlated with a second one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program, andwherein the first knowledge cell is connected with the second knowledgecell by a directed connection that indicates a temporal order of thefirst knowledge cell and the second knowledge cell.
 9. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the first one or more digital pictures include one ormore still digital pictures or one or more motion digital pictures, andwherein the new one or more digital pictures include one or more stilldigital pictures or one or more motion digital pictures, and wherein thefirst application program includes an object of the first applicationprogram, and wherein the second application program includes an objectof the second application program.
 10. The system of claim 1, whereinthe new one or more digital pictures depict at least a portion of a viewof the second application program, and wherein the first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program aremodified and applied to the second application program so that thesecond application program autonomously performs the one or moreoperations defined by the modified first one or more instruction setsfor operating the first application program.
 11. The system of claim 1,wherein the portions of the new one or more digital pictures includeportions of the new one or more digital pictures that depict recognizedobjects, and wherein the portions of the first one or more digitalpictures include portions of the first one or more digital pictures thatdepict recognized objects.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein theartificial intelligence unit includes at least one of: a hardwareelement that is included in the one or more processor circuits, ahardware element that is included in another one or more processorcircuits, an application operating on the one or more processorcircuits, an application operating on another one or more processorcircuits, or an element coupled to the one or more processor circuits,and wherein the renderer includes at least one of: a hardware elementthat is included in the one or more processor circuits, a hardwareelement that is included in another one or more processor circuits, anapplication operating on the one or more processor circuits, anapplication operating on another one or more processor circuits, anelement that is included in the artificial intelligence unit, or anelement coupled to the artificial intelligence unit, and wherein thememory is further configured to store at least a second one or moredigital pictures correlated with a second one or more instruction setsfor operating the second application program.
 13. A non-transitorymachine readable medium having stored thereon instructions that whenexecuted by one or more processor circuits cause the one or moreprocessor circuits to perform operations comprising: accessing a memoryconfigured to store at least a first one or more digital picturescorrelated with a first one or more instruction sets for operating afirst application program; receiving a new one or more digital picturesfrom a renderer; anticipating the first one or more instruction sets foroperating the first application program based on at least partial matchbetween the new one or more digital pictures and the first one or moredigital pictures, wherein the anticipating includes at least one of:determining that a number of at least partially matching portions of thenew one or more digital pictures and portions of the first one or moredigital pictures exceeds a threshold number, or determining that apercentage of at least partially matching portions of the new one ormore digital pictures and portions of the first one or more digitalpictures exceeds a threshold percentage; and causing the one or moreprocessor circuits or another one or more processor circuits to executethe first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program, wherein the causing is performed in response to theanticipating, and wherein the first application program or a secondapplication program autonomously performs one or more operations definedby the first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program.
 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium ofclaim 13, wherein the memory is further configured to store at least aknowledge structure that includes: a first knowledge cell including thefirst one or more digital pictures correlated with the first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program, and asecond knowledge cell including a second one or more digital picturescorrelated with a second one or more instruction sets for operating thefirst application program, and wherein the first knowledge cell isconnected with the second knowledge cell by a directed connection thatindicates a temporal order of the first knowledge cell and the secondknowledge cell.
 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim13, wherein the new one or more digital pictures depict at least aportion of a view of the second application program, and wherein thefirst one or more instruction sets for operating the first applicationprogram are applied to the second application program so that the secondapplication program autonomously performs the one or more operationsdefined by the first one or more instruction sets for operating thefirst application program.
 16. The non-transitory machine readablemedium of claim 13, wherein the new one or more digital pictures depictat least a portion of a view of the second application program, andwherein the first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program are modified and applied to the second applicationprogram so that the second application program autonomously performs theone or more operations defined by the modified first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program.
 17. Amethod comprising: (a) accessing a memory configured to store at least afirst one or more digital pictures correlated with a first one or moreinstruction sets for operating a first application program, theaccessing of (a) performed by one or more processor circuits; (b)receiving a new one or more digital pictures from a renderer, thereceiving of (b) performed by the one or more processor circuits; (c)anticipating the first one or more instruction sets for operating thefirst application program based on at least partial match between thenew one or more digital pictures and the first one or more digitalpictures, wherein the anticipating of (c) includes at least one of:determining that a number of at least partially matching portions of thenew one or more digital pictures and portions of the first one or moredigital pictures exceeds a threshold number, or determining that apercentage of at least partially matching portions of the new one ormore digital pictures and portions of the first one or more digitalpictures exceeds a threshold percentage, the anticipating of (c)performed by the one or more processor circuits; (d) executing the firstone or more instruction sets for operating the first applicationprogram, the executing of (d) performed by the one or more processorcircuits or by another one or more processor circuits in response to theanticipating of (c); and (e) autonomously performing, by the firstapplication program or by a second application program, one or moreoperations defined by the first one or more instruction sets foroperating the first application program.
 18. The method of claim 17,wherein the memory is further configured to store at least a knowledgestructure that includes: a first knowledge cell including the first oneor more digital pictures correlated with the first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program, and asecond knowledge cell including a second one or more digital picturescorrelated with a second one or more instruction sets for operating thefirst application program, and wherein the first knowledge cell isconnected with the second knowledge cell by a directed connection thatindicates a temporal order of the first knowledge cell and the secondknowledge cell.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the new one or moredigital pictures depict at least a portion of a view of the secondapplication program, and wherein the first one or more instruction setsfor operating the first application program are applied to the secondapplication program so that the second application program autonomouslyperforms the one or more operations defined by the first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program.
 20. Themethod claim 17, wherein the new one or more digital pictures depict atleast a portion of a view of the second application program, and whereinthe first one or more instruction sets for operating the firstapplication program are modified and applied to the second applicationprogram so that the second application program autonomously performs theone or more operations defined by the modified first one or moreinstruction sets for operating the first application program.